• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

In this study, we assessed the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of cookies containing various concentrations (0, 3, 5, 7 and 9%) of leek powder. The L values of cookies containing leek powder were significantly lower than those of the controls. The spread ratio decreased proportionally with the quantity of leek powder added to the cookie recipe. The loss rate and leavening rate of samples to which 3% and 5% leek powder was added evidenced a higher value than the samples to which 7% and 9% leek powder was added. The L value of brightness was significantly reduced when leek powder was added to the cookie recipe. The a and b values were also significantly reduced with the addition of leek powder. Hardness evidenced significantly high levels in the samples to which 3% and 5% leek powder was added. The results of our sensory evaluation evidenced significantly better appearance, flavor, color, texture and overall acceptability as compared to the 3% and 5% added samples. The observed quality characteristics of the 3% leek powder added samples and 5% leek powder added samples indicated the possibility that leek cookies might be developed.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.256-262
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• 2010

Saururus chinensis powder was added into cookie dough at 5 levels (0%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, and 6%) by partially replacing equivalent amount of wheat flour in cookie formulation, and cookies thus made were evaluated for physicochemical properties and sensory quality by a small semi-trained panel. Thickness and density of cookies increased significantly with increase in Saururus chinensis powder content (p<0.05); however, those of dough were not affected (p<0.05). The pH of both dough and cookies decreased significantly as the level of Saururus chinensis powder increased (p<0.05). Lightness and yellowness decreased significantly as the Saururus chinensis powder content increased while redness increased significantly (p<0.05). Spread factor decreased with the powder addition (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation indicated that samples with higher amount of the powder received higher scores in terms of taste, flavor, and color but not for hardness (p<0.05). Finally, correlation analysis showed that level of Saururus chinensis powder incorporation was well-correlated with most of the physicochemical properties and sensory attributes studied.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2014

The effects of adding varying amounts (0%, 1.5%, 3%, 6%, and 12%) of the medium roasted coffee powder on the quality characteristics of rice cookies, which were prepared without wheat flour, were studied. The ingredients were mixed, cut, baked at $170{\sim}180^{\circ}C$ for 10 min, cooled, and packaged in plastic bags. Lightness ($L^*$), yellowness ($b^*$), chroma ($C^*$), and hue angle ($h^{\circ}$) of cookies decreased as the addition amount of the coffee powder increased. Redness ($a^*$) increased with the amount of the coffee powder. Firmness and phenolic compounds tended to increase with the increase in coffee content, however, the firmness levels of the cookies containing 1.5~3% coffee powder were insignificantly different. Antioxidant activity of cookies increased with the increase in the amount of coffee powder. Antioxidant activity of the cookies added with 3% coffee powder was significantly higher than that of the cookies added with 1.5% coffee powder. As a results of the sensory evaluation, the intensity of darkness, smell, bitterness, hardness of the cookies tended to increase with the increase in the amount of coffee powder. The overall acceptability of the cookies was significantly higher for the cookies containing 1.5~3% coffee powder than for the other samples. These results suggested that coffee powder (approximately 3%) can be utilized as an additive for preparing rice cookies which have simultaneously high antioxidant activity and acceptability.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.40-52
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• 2015

This study investigated the quality characteristics of cookies containing Kale powder, which is well known for its various functions and biological activity. In this study, we assessed the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of cookies containing various concentrations (0, 3, 5, 7 and 9%) of kale powder(KP). To analyze quality characteristics, density and pH of dough, spread factor, moisture content, color(L, a, b), hardness, DPPH radical scavenging activity and sensory properties were measured. The spread factor and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the cookies significantly increased with increasing concentrations of KP, whereas pH and density of the dough, L value of the cookies significantly decreased. The results of sensory properties showed that cookies made with 3% and 5% KP did not differ significantly from the control in color, taste, and overall quality. Texture scores for the 3% and 5% KP groups ranked significantly higher than those of the other groups. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that KP is a beneficial ingredient for increasing the consumer acceptability and functionality of cookies. The quality characteristics of the 3% and 5% added samples exhibited significantly similar or higher values as compared to those of the controls, raising the possibility of developments in health-functional cookies. The results of the sensory evaluation produced very significant values for color, appearance, texture, and overall quality of instrumental analysis.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.141-153
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• 2015

We investigated the feasibility of incorporating Aster yomena powder into cookies as a value-added food ingredient. In this study, we assessed the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of cookies containing various concentrations (0, 3, 5, 7 and 9%) of Aster yomena powder(AYP). For the analysis, quality characteristics such as density and pH of dough, spread factor, moisture content, color(L, a, b), hardness, DPPH radical scavenging activity and sensory properties were measured. The Hardness and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the cookies significantly increased with increasing concentrations of AYP, whereas pH and density of the dough, L value of the cookies significantly decreased. The results of sensory properties showed that cookies made with 3% and 5% AYP did not differ significantly from the control in color, taste, and overall quality. Texture scores for the 3% and 5% AYP groups ranked significantly higher than those of the other groups. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that AYP is a beneficial ingredient for increasing the consumer acceptability and functionality of cookies. The quality characteristics of the 3% and 5% added samples exhibited significantly similar or higher values as compared to those of the controls, raising the possibility of developments in health-functional cookies. The results of the sensory evaluation produced very significant values for color, appearance, texture, and overall quality of instrumental analysis.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.929-940
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• 2014

In this study, we assessed the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of cookies containing various concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%) of Aloe vera powder(AVP). To analyze quality characteristics, density and pH of dough, spread factor, moisture content, color(L, a, b), hardness, total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and sensory properties were measured. Density of the dough, spread factor, moisture content, a and b value, total polyphenol content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the cookies significantly increased with increasing content of AVP, whereas pH and L value and hardness of the cookies significantly decreased. The results of sensory evaluation showed that cookies made with 2 and 6% AVP did not significantly differ from the control. From the sensory evaluation test, cookies with 4% of AVP were the best except in appearance among all the samples studied. Therefore the result of this study suggest that AVP is a good ingredient for increasing the consumer acceptability and antioxidant activity of cookies.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 2011

The principal objective of this study was to develop processed food with the effect of extract from Angelica gigas Nakai by assessing the quality characteristics of cookies. Cookie samples were prepared with shredded extract from Angelica gigas Nakai at varied levels of 0, 1, 3, and 5%. The pH of dough decreased significantly with the added extract from Angelica gigas Nakai and the density increased significantly in the 5% added group(p<0.05). The spread factor decreased significantly as the added extract from Angelica gigas Nakai increased(p<0.05). The Hunter color's L value in cookies significantly decreased and the a, b values in cookies increased(p<0.05). The hardness of cookies significantly increased added extract from Angelica gigas Nakai increased(p<0.05). The acid value and peroxide value were lower in added Angelica gigas Nakai extract groups than in the control group as the storage period of cookies passed. The results of sensory characteristics demonstrated that 1% added Angelica gigas Nakai extract showed the highest degree of preference among all the items of added Angelica gigas Nakai extract(color, odor, taste, hardness, crispness and overall quality) and the added Angelica gigas Nakai extract indicated possibilities for developments of Angelica gigas Nakai extract cookies.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.446-452
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• 2010

In this study, Boehmeria nivea were extracted with water and ethanol, and antioxidative activity was investigated along with the quality of cookies prepared with added Boehmeria nivea, as a functional food. Among the water and ethanol extracts, high electron donating abilities were found. we selected various quantities of Boehmeria nivea(0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%) to add to the cookies as an independent variable and performed sensory tests, as well as, measured chromaticity, and property of matter measurements. The rates of brightness, redness, and yellowness(p<0.001) changed significantly with increasing quantities Boehmeria nivea. The rates for spread ratio, hardness, brittleness, and chewiness(p<0.001) also changed siginificantly with increasing amounts Boehmeria nivea. Finally, texture(p<0.05), appearness, sweetness(p<0.01), bitterness, and overall quality(p<0.001) were examined in sensory tests and showed significant differences. Based on the above results, the cookies that contained 3~9% of Boehmeria nivea presented the best quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.541-549
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidative effect and quality characteristics of cookies made with Sea tangle powder(STP). The cookies were at $30^{\circ}C$ for 45 days. The 3% STP had higher pH value compared to the other groups and control. As more STP was added, the L-value and b-value decreased, and the a-value increased for the color values. The results of sensory evaluation and acceptance test showed that the cookies with 3% STP was significantly more preferable in overall acceptability than the others. The acid value, peroxide value, and thiobarbituric acid value were lower in cookies with 3% and 6% STP than in those cookies made 9% STP and the control cookies.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.905-910
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• 2011

Cookies were prepared using different fat: butter, margarine, and shortening. Density, specific gravity of the dough, moisture content, spreadability, color, texture, and sensory evaluation for each cookies were conducted. Density, specific gravity and moisture content of each cookies showed the highest value with butter dough, and the lowest value with shortening dough. Spreadability of the cookie with margarine was the highest, and the cookie with butter and shortening resulted lower than that. The chromaticity 'L' and 'b' with butter cookie appeared the highest value, and margarine cookie and shortening cookie were followed that result. But chromaticity 'a' of butter cookie showed the lowest result while margarine cookie, and shortening cookie showed the highest value. Overall sensory evaluation showed high preference for butter cookie, beside margarine cookie and shortening cookie showed lower preference. Butter cookie was preferred in hardness, brittleness, color and chewiness, over margarine or shortening cookie. Flavor and sweetness with margarine cookie was preferred rather than butter cookie and shortening cookie. Softness and fatty taste of shortening cookie showed the highest result, beside margarine cookie and butter cookie showed lower result.