• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality program application on cognition and depression of patients with mild cognitive impairment, and to find an intervention method that can enhance active participation of patients with mild cognitive impairment. Methods : In this study, 50 mild cognitive impairment patients were divided into a treatment group (25 patients) and a control group (25 patients). The treatment group was applied with a transcranial direct current stimulation and a virtual reality program, while the control group received a placebo transcranial direct current stimulation and a virtual reality program. Both groups received five 50-minute sessions per week (one session per day) for six weeks (total of 30 sessions). NCSE was used to evaluate the cognitive functions of the patients before and after treatment intervention. Moreover, K-BDI was conducted to examine the depression of the patients. Results : As a result of the transcranial direct current stimulation and a virtual reality program intervention, the cognitive function of both treatment and control group significantly (p<.05) improved, and the depression of both treatment and control group significantly (p<.05) decreased. Moreover, the changes in cognitive functions and depression were significant between the two groups¸ treatment and control group (p<.05). Conclusion : The results of the study showed that the application of the transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality program significantly improved the cognitive function of mild cognitive impairment patients and decreased the depression of them. Therefore, it could be concluded that the transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality program was an intervention method which positively affects the cognitive function and depression of mild cognitive impairment patients.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.37-54
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• 2022

Objectives This review investigates the effectiveness of electroacupuncture for impairment of motor and sensory functions after spinal cord injury. Methods The databases used for the search were PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), National Digital Science Library (NDSL), Koreanstudies Information Service System (KISS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), KMBASE, and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS). The literature were searched using a total of 9 domestic and foreign databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using electroacupuncture as an intervention was selected. The selected studies are analyzed the risk of bias through Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and meta-analysis was perfomed using RevMan version 5.3 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). Results A total of 14 RCT studies were selected through 9 domestic and foreign databases, and analyzed. As a result of meta-analysis, when electroacupuncture was performed together with rehabilitation treatment or western drug treatment, it was effective in the recovery of motor and sensory functions of spinal cord injury patients. Conclusions This review suggests that electroacupuncture can be applied as an effective treatment for the recovery of motor and sensory functions of spinal cord injuries. However, there are several limitations, including the small number and heterogeneity of the included studies, as well as their poor methodological quality. Therefore, further, higher-quality studies should be required.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.548-559
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• 2016

Objectives: This is a clinical report of one patient with both lower limb paraparesis and numbness as well as sensory impairment caused by a T10 spinal cord injury due to varicella zoster myelitis.Methods: The patient with the spinal cord injury induced by varicella zoster myelitis was treated using Korean medical treatments such as herbal medicine (Palmijihwang-tanggami), acupuncture, and moxibustion.Results: After treatments, improvements in muscular strength and the sensory impairment of both lower limbs were observed as well as improvements in various side effects such as the debridement state and laboratory findings of urine analysis.Conclusion: Given these results, it is considered that Korean medical treatment is effective for patients with spinal cord injury due to varicella zoster myelitis.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.678-693
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• 1993

The purposes of this study were to describe the level of vision and hearing impairments, depression and functional capacity, among Korean institutionalized elderly and to examine the relation-ship between sensory impairments, depression, and functional capacity in these people. The final pupose was to test the cognitive function path model using sensory competencies as predictors. A convenience sample of thirty nine male and 90 female subjects with a mean age of 80.5 were the subjects of this study. The subjects were tested for cognitive function, and vision and hearing impairments. Physical function and social function were measured by observation of designated task performance by the subjects. Their level of de-pression was measured using a Geriatric Depression Scale administered through an interview. Individual subjective ratings of hearing and vision were marked by the subjects, on a ladder scale. The results of the study showed that 48.8% of the subjects had a hearing impairment, 63.5% had a vision impairement, and 36.4% had both a vision and hearing impairement. The four sensory groups (no sensory impairement, hearing impairement, vision impairement, hearing and vision impairement) were tested for differences in depression, physical function, social behavior and cognitive function. The only significant difference that was found was in cognitive function, between the no sensory impairement group and the hearing and vision impairement group(F=3.25, P<.05), Subjective ratings of hearing showed a significant correlation with cognitive function(r=.34, p<.001) and with social behavior(r=.31, p<.001). There was no correlation between subjective vision ratings and cognitive function or social behavior. However there was a significant correlation between vision and hearing(r=.49, p<.001). There was also a significant negative correlation between age and vision(r=-.21, p<.01) and between age and hear-ing(r=-.34, p<.001). There was a significant correlation between depression and physical function (r=-.32, p<.001) but there was no correlation between depression and cognitive function or social behavior. Based on the literature review and the result, this study, a path model of sensory competence-> cognitive function- >social behavior was developed and tested : Perceived vision and perceived hearing were the exogenous variahles and cognitive function and social behavior were the endogeneous variables in the model. The path analysis result demonstrated an accept-able fit (GFI=.997, AGFI=.972, X$^2$=.72 (p=.396), RMSR=.019) between the data and the model. There was a significant direct effect($\beta$=.38) of perceived hearing on cognitive function. There was a significant direct effect ($\beta$=.32) of cognitive function on social behavior. The total effect of hearing on social behavior was $\beta$=.32 including the indirect effect ($\beta$=.12) . However perceived vsion had little effect ($\beta$=-.08) on cognitive function. The result of path analysis confirms that hearing levels influence cognitive function, and both hearing and cognitive function levels influence social behavior. However, vision has little effect on cognitive function or on social behavior. For the next study, a combined model of the pre viously developed environment - >depression- > physical and social function model, and the present cognitive function model, should be tested to further refine the functional capacity model. There also a need for longitudinal study of functional capacity and sencory competence in order to better understand how declining sensory competence influences functional capacity and how it effects in-creasing dependency and nursing needs in the elderly.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.441-448
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• 2019

본 연구는 경도 인지장애 환자들이 병원을 선택하는 기준에 대해 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구는 2018년 5월 1일부터 9월 30일까지 연구참여에 동의한 36명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 자료수집은 재활병원과 요양병원에 입원한 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 K-MMSE를 이용하여 인지 선별평가를 시행하고, 병원선택요인 도구를 본 연구에 맞게 수정 보완하여 사용하였다. 연구의 결과를 종합해보면 거주지 또는 직장과의 거리가 가깝고 교통용이, 간편한 행정적 절차, 병원의 유명도, 새로운 서비스, 물리치료와 작업치료 등과 관련된 서비스 등이 경도 인지장애 환자의 병원 선택에 영향을 미쳤다(p<.05). 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 증가하는 경도 인지장애 환자의 병원 내원을 대비하여 임상가들과 환자를 유치하는 의료기관의 마케팅 전략에도 변화가 필요할 것이라 사료된다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2022

Background: To compare the sensory change and recovery of infraorbital area associated with zygomaticomaxillary and orbital floor fractures and their recoveries and investigate the factors that affect them. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 652 patients diagnosed with zygomaticomaxillary (n= 430) or orbital floor (n= 222) fractures in a single center between January 2016 and January 2021. Patient data, including age, sex, medical history, injury mechanism, Knight and North classification (in zygomaticomaxillary fracture cases), injury indication for surgery (in orbital floor cases), combined injury, sensory change, and recovery period, were reviewed. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Orbital floor fractures occurred more frequently in younger patients than zygomaticomaxillary fractures (p< 0.001). High-energy injuries were more likely to be associated with zygomaticomaxillary fractures (p< 0.001), whereas low-energy injuries were more likely to be associated with orbital floor fractures (p< 0.001). The sensory changes associated with orbital floor and zygomaticomaxillary fractures were not significantly different (p= 0.773). Sensory recovery was more rapid and better after orbital floor than after zygomaticomaxillary fractures; however, the difference was not significantly different. Additionally, the low-energy group showed a higher incidence of sensory changes than the high-energy group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.512). Permanent sensory changes were more frequent in the high-energy group, the difference was statistically significant (p= 0.043). Conclusion: The study found no significant difference in the incidence of sensory changes associated with orbital floor and zygomaticomaxillary fractures. In case of orbital floor fractures and high-energy injuries, the risk of permanent sensory impairment should be considered.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.457-466
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• 2019

본 연구는 시각장애인의 전시예술품 관람 실태 및 욕구조사를 통해 전시예술품 방문관람 접근성을 높이고 지원방안을 모색하여 시각장애인들의 문화예술을 향유할 권리를 향상시키는 데 그 목적이 있다. 시각장애인을 대상으로 온라인 설문지를 사용하여 연구참여자를 모집하였으며, 총 83명의 응답이 최종 분석에 사용되었다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시각장애인의 문화생활 이용 실태는 영화감상이 가장 주된 반면 전시예술품감상은 최하위였다. 단, 주된 문화생활 다섯 가지를 선택해 달라는 질문에 71.1%의 응답에 전시예술품 감상이 포함되었다. 전시예술품 관람 목적은 재미추구가 가장 높게 나타났다. 전시예술품 관람을 하지 않는 이유로는 시각위주의 관람문화를 가장 많이 표시하였다. 둘째, 시각장애인들이 선호하는 전시예술품 감상 방법으로는 눈을 작품 가까이에 대고 감상하는 것으로 나타났으며 절반 이상의 응답자는 잔존시각을 활용한다고 보고했다. 작품 감상 시 시각을 가장 많이 사용하지만 응답자 대부분이 다중 감각을 사용한다고 보고하였다. 또한 다양한 감각을 활용하여 작품을 감상을 할 수 있는 보조기기/서비스가 있다면 감상에 도움이 될 것이라고 보고하였다. 본 연구 결과는 시각장애인의 특성을 고려하여 전시예술품 관람에 있어 환경적 변화가 요구됨을 시사한다. 이를 통해 궁극적으로 문화예술향유권 실현하고 통합사회를 구현하는 데 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.675-679
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• 2008

Purpose: In the orbital floor fracture, sensory impairment due to the damage of the infraorbital nerve is one of the most common symptom and complication. In this report, we have the assumption that tailoring of $medpor^{(R)}$ for decompression may have correlations to the damage and regeneration of the nerve. Methods: Among patients who had open reduction for pure orbital floor fracture in our hospital from March 2005 to March 2008, we selected 80 cases. In 40 cases, we inserted tailored $medpor^{(R)}$, and in other 40 cases, non-tailored $medpor^{(R)}$ was inserted. Patient's reports were obtained and analyzed, and the pin-prick test and the 2-point discrimination test on the infraorbital nerve regions were done for testing the sensory impairments. Results: The results show that the patients who adopted sculpture of $medpor^{(R)}$ showed higher tendency of recovery of sensory impairments in the patient's subjective report, static touch sensation, static two point discrimination using. And in postoperative 3 months, there are statistically significant recovery of sensory symptoms, signs and the result of sensory tests. Conclusion: From these results, tailored $medpor^{(R)}$ in reconstruction of orbital wall fracture may improve recovery of sensory impairments for decreasing of compression of infraorbital nerve.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2023

Purpose : This study evaluated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and a virtual reality program on the depression, hand functions, cognitive function, and activities of daily living of patients with mild cognitive impairment by dividing 20 patients with mild cognitive impairment and depression. The 20 patients were divided into a treatment group (transcranial direct current stimulation + a virtual reality program) and a control group (placebo transcranial direct current stimulation + a placebo virtual reality program). Methods : This study allocated ten subjects to the treatment group and ten subjects to the control group. The treatment was given five times per week for six weeks (30 sessions), and each session was 30 minutes. This study screened depression by using SGDS-K, a short geriatric depression scale, to examine depression before and after treatment intervention. This study also used the box and block test, NCSE, and FIM to evaluate hand functions, cognitive function, and activities of daily living, respectively. Results : The results showed that depression significantly decreased, hand functions significantly increased, cognitive function significantly improved, and activities of daily living significantly increased after intervention in the treatment and control groups. The magnitude of changes in depression, hand functions, cognitive function, and activities of daily living was significantly different between the two groups after intervention (p>.05). Conclusion : The results showed that the application of transcranial direct current stimulation and a virtual reality program could improve cognitive function, hand functions, and activities of daily living by decreasing depression. Therefore, it can be concluded that the simultaneous application of transcranial direct current stimulation and a virtual reality program is an intervention method, which can be applied for decreasing depression, enhancing hand functions, improving cognitive function, and increasing activities of daily living in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2016

Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication is a leading cause of the variable neuropsychiatric impairment. Despite of widely known central nerve system complications after CO intoxication, peripheral neuropathy due to CO poisoning is rare and has been under-recognized. We report interesting case of a 29-year-old male who suffered from motor weakness and sensory abnormalities in his lower extremity following acute CO intoxication. The patient revealed direct and indirect signs of peripheral neuropathy of the left inferior gluteal and sciatic nerve on magnetic resonance imaging.