• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.2959-2973
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• 2021

In wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs), the network lifetime is an important criterion to measure the performance of the WSAN system. Generally, the network lifetime is mainly affected by the energy of sensors. However, the energy of sensors is limited, and the batteries of sensors cannot be replaced and charged. So, it is crucial to make energy consumption efficient. WSAN introduces multiple actuators that can be regarded as multiple collectors to gather data from their respective surrounding sensors. But how to deploy actuators to reduce the energy consumption of sensors and increase the manageability of the network is an important challenge. This research optimizes actuators deployment by a proposed probabilistic mutation multi-layer particle swarm optimization algorithm to maximize the coverage of actuators to sensors and reduce the energy consumption of sensors. Simulation results show that this method is effective for improving the coverage rate and reducing the energy consumption.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.3034-3055
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• 2014

Wireless Sensor Networks have extensively been utilized for ambient data collection from simple linear structures to dense tiered deployments. Issues related to optimal resource allocation still persist for simplistic deployments including linear and hierarchical networks. In this work, we investigate the case of dimensioning parameters for linear and tiered wireless sensor network deployments with notion of providing extended lifetime and reliable data delivery over extensive infrastructures. We provide a single consolidated reference for selection of intrinsic sensor network parameters like number of required nodes for deployment over specified area, network operational lifetime, data aggregation requirements, energy dissipation concerns and communication channel related signal reliability. The dimensioning parameters have been analyzed in a pipeline monitoring scenario using ZigBee communication platform and subsequently referred with analytical models to ensure the dimensioning process is reflected in real world deployment with minimum resource consumption and best network connectivity. Concerns over data aggregation and routing delay minimization have been discussed with possible solutions. Finally, we propose a node placement strategy based on a dynamic programming model for achieving reliable received signals and consistent application in structural health monitoring with multi hop and long distance connectivity.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.430-435
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 센서 네트워크의 원활한 전송을 위해 SOFM을 이용한 센서 네트워크의 지능적인 배치를 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 무선 채널 분석을 통해서 센서 노드 사이의 통신이 가능한 거리를 구하고, 신경회로망의 SOFM(Self-Organizing Feature Map)방식을 이용하여 지능적으로 최적의 센서 노드의 개수와 센서 노드가 배치할 최적 위치를 결정한다. Log-normal path loss 모델을 이용하여 거리에 따른 PRR(Packet Reception Rate)을 구하고, 이것으로부터 센서 노드의 통신 범위를 결정한다. 제안한 방식의 유용성을 확인하기 위하여 센서 노드의 지능적인 위치 탐색과 센서 네트워크의 연결 상태에 대한 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2008

센서 네트워크에서의 효율적인 라우팅을 위하여 센서노드들을 최적으로 상호연결 하는 배치를 찾는 문제를 고려하게 된다. 유사한 이론 문제로서 평면상에 주어진 점들을 최적으로 상호연결 하는 트리 구조를 찾는 스타이너 트리 문제가 있는데, 이 문제에 대한 근사 알고리즘을 차용하여 센서노드들을 최적에 근사하게 상호연결 하는 배치를 찾을 수도 있다. 하지만 스타이너 트리 문제는 평면상에서 수학적으로 정의된 점들의 집합을 상호연결 하는 문제로서 센서 네트워크에서는 나타나지 않는 특수한 경우까지 내포하므로, 그 알고리즘을 사용하는 접근은 타당한 분석 방식이 될 수 없다. 센서 네트워크에서 센서들의 분포는 평면상의 수학적인 점들의 임의적인 분포와는 달리, 센서들이 일정거리 이상으로 서로 떨어져 있다고 가정 할 수 있다. 이러한 물리적인 성격을 반영하여 센서 네트워크를 위한 근사 알고리즘을 구성함으로써, 센서 네트워크 상호연결이라는 문제에 적합한 실행시간 및 최적치에 대한 근사비율을 도출 할 수 있게 된다.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2012

In the present, Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) has been used for the purpose of the military operation with surveillance systems and for collecting useful information from the natural environment. Basically, low-power, easy deployment and low cost are the most important factors to be deployed for WSNs. Lots of researches have been studied to meet those requirements, especially on the node capacity and battery lifetime improvements. Recently, the study of wireless mesh networks applied into the surveillance systems has been proceeded as a solution of easy deployment. In this paper, we proposed large-scale intelligent multi-layer surveillance systems based on QoS assuring Wireless Mesh Networks and implemented them in the real testbed environment. The proposed system explains functions and operations for each subsystem as well as S/W and H/W architectures. Experimental results are shown for the implemented subsystems and the performance is satisfactory for the surveillance system. We can identify the possibility of the implemented multi-layer surveillance system to be used in practice.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제13C권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2006

센서 네트워크를 실생활에 적용하기 위해서는 보안 서비스가 반드시 같이 제공되어야하며 보안에 있어서 핵심은 노드 간에 안전한 통신을 가능하게 하는 pairwise 키 설정이다. 본 연구에서는 센서 네트워크를 사전에 클러스터링하고 각 클러스터에 헤드를 두어 기본적인 정보는 사전에 예측된 배치정보에 의해 배분하고 노드 배치 후 실제적으로 이웃 노드를 파악하여 정보가 필요한 노드들만이 클러스터헤드에게 해당 정보를 요청하는 메커니즘을 제안한다. 제안 메커니즘은 클러스터헤드가 좀 더 많은 정보를 사전 분배받는 대신 일반 노드의 메모리 부담을 훨씬 줄였으며 불필요한 정보를 분배하지 않음으로써 노드 포획 시에도 이에 대한 저항성을 높여 보안성을 한층 강화할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 모든 이웃 노드 간 직접키 설정을 보장함으로써 효율적인 키 설정과 통신이 가능하다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.477-496
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• 2013

Due to their cost-effectiveness and ease of installation, wireless smart sensors (WSS) have received considerable recent attention for structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure. Though various wireless smart sensor networks (WSSN) have been successfully implemented for full-scale structural health monitoring (SHM) applications, monitoring of low-level ambient strain still remains a challenging problem for WSS due to A/D converter (ADC) resolution, inherent circuit noise, and the need for automatic operation. In this paper, the design and validation of high-precision strain sensor board for the Imote2 WSS platform and its application to SHM of a cable-stayed bridge are presented. By accurate and automated balancing of the Wheatstone bridge, signal amplification of up to 2507-times can be obtained, while keeping signal mean close to the center of the ADC span, which allows utilization of the full span of the ADC. For better applicability to SHM for real-world structures, temperature compensation and shunt calibration are also implemented. Moreover, the sensor board has been designed to accommodate a friction-type magnet strain sensor, in addition to traditional foil-type strain gages, facilitating fast and easy deployment. The wireless strain sensor board performance is verified through both laboratory-scale tests and deployment on a full-scale cable-stayed bridge.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제6권5_6호
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• pp.439-459
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• 2010

Structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructure using wireless smart sensor networks (WSSNs) has received significant public attention in recent years. The benefits of WSSNs are that they are low-cost, easy to install, and provide effective data management via on-board computation. This paper reports on the deployment and evaluation of a state-of-the-art WSSN on the new Jindo Bridge, a cable-stayed bridge in South Korea with a 344-m main span and two 70-m side spans. The central components of the WSSN deployment are the Imote2 smart sensor platforms, a custom-designed multimetric sensor boards, base stations, and software provided by the Illinois Structural Health Monitoring Project (ISHMP) Services Toolsuite. In total, 70 sensor nodes and two base stations have been deployed to monitor the bridge using an autonomous SHM application with excessive wind and vibration triggering the system to initiate monitoring. Additionally, the performance of the system is evaluated in terms of hardware durability, software stability, power consumption and energy harvesting capabilities. The Jindo Bridge SHM system constitutes the largest deployment of wireless smart sensors for civil infrastructure monitoring to date. This deployment demonstrates the strong potential of WSSNs for monitoring of large scale civil infrastructure.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.667-676
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• 2014

Connectivity is a crucial quality of service measure in wireless sensor networks. However, the network is always at risk of being split into several disconnected components owing to the sensor failures caused by various factors. To handle the connectivity problem, this paper introduces an in-advance mechanism to prevent network partitioning in the initial deployment phase. The approach is implemented in a distributed manner, and every node only needs to know local information of its 1-hop neighbors, which makes the approach scalable to large networks. The goal of the proposed mechanism is twofold. First, critical nodes are locally detected by the critical node detection (CND) algorithm based on the concept of maximal simplicial complex, and backups are arranged to tolerate their failures. Second, under a greedy rule, topological holes within the maximal simplicial complex as another potential risk to the network connectivity are patched step by step. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through simulation experiments.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.126-148
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• 2015

Different from the existing works on coverage problems in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), this paper considers the exposure-path prevention problem by using the percolation theory in three dimensional (3D) WSNs, which can be implemented in intruder detecting applications. In this paper, to avoid the loose bounds of critical density, a bond percolation-based scheme is proposed to put the exposure-path problem into a 3D uniform lattice. Within this scheme, the tighter bonds of critical density for omnidirectional and directional sensor networks under random sensor deployment-a 3D Poisson process are derived. Extensive simulation results show that our scheme generates tighter bounds of critical density with no exposure path in 3D WSNs.