• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of insulin sensitizing agents on hormonal and metabolic parameters as well as menstrual patterns in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: One hundred and twenty-three patients with PCOS were included. Metformin was administered to patients at 1,500 mg or 1,700 mg daily for 3 months. If the patients had no improvement of the menstrual cycle or metformin-related adverse effects developed, the patients changed medication to a daily dose of either 15 mg pioglitazone or up to 45 mg. Then resumption of a regular menstrual cycle or recovery of ovulation was evaluated. Hormonal and metabolic profiles were compared between the response and non-response group to insulin sensitizing agents. Results: One hundred and five patients with PCOS were treated with metformin for 3 months. Forty-eight patients (45.7%) showed improvement of menstrual cycle regularity after 3 months of metformin use, whereas 57 patients (54.3%) had no change. The mean free testosterone measured after 3 months of treatment was significantly lower in metformin responders than in non-responders. The other parameters did not differ between the groups. Of the 23 patients who used pioglitazone for 3 to 6 months, 19 patients (82.6%) showed improvement in their menstrual cycles. Conclusion: Metformin treatment seems to be effective for the improvement of menstrual cyclicity irrespective of insulin resistance in women with PCOS. When metformin related adverse effect occurred, pioglitazone would be effective for aiding the resumption of the menstrual cycle.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.258-264
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• 2004

한의학에서 당뇨병 (소갈) 처방으로 사용되는 옥천산 처방의 성분 중의 하나인 오미자의 포도당 이용에 대한 효과를 조사하기 위해서 오미자를 70% 에탄올로 추출한 후 메탄올과 물을 섞은 용액으로 단계별로 XAD-4 column 으로 분획하였다. 오미자를 복용한 후 혈당을 낮추기 위해서는 인슐린처럼 작용하는 인슐린성 물질이거나, 인슐린 작용을 향상시키는 인슐린 민감성 물질로 작용하거나, 또는 ${\alpha}-glucoamylase$ 활성을 억제하여 탄수화물의 소화를 방해 작용이 있어야 하므로 본 연구에서는 섬유아세포와 지방세포 3T3-L1에서 각 분획층이 이러한 3가지 기전에 관여하는 지를 조사하였다. 오미자 분획물은 인슐린성 물질로 작용하거나 ${\alpha}-glucoamylase$의 활성을 저하시켜 탄수화물의 소화를 방해하지 않았다. 그러나 오미자 분획층은 인슐린의 작용을 향상시켜 포도당의 흡수를 증가시키는 효과가 매우 컸다. 특히 오미자 분획층 중 Fr. 4(메탄올 60%)와 Fr. 5(메탄올 80%)는 지방세포 3T3-L1에서 포도당의 흡수를 현저하게 증가시켜 인슐린을 50 ng/ml를 처리한 것보다도 효과적으로 포도당 흡수를 증가시켰다. Fr. 4와 Fr. 5에서 포도당 흡수가 증가한 것은 Fr. 4와 5가 인슐린 작용을 향상시켜 세포막에 GLUT4양을 증가시진 결과이었다. 결론적으로 오미자 중 특히 Fr. 4와 Fr. 5에 인슐린 민감성 제제가 함유되어 있을 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.951-957
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• 2004

한의학에서 당뇨병 (소갈) 처방으로 사용되는 생진양혈탕과 황금탕 처방 성분 중의 하나인 오매의 포도당 이용에 대한 효과를 조사하기 위해서 오매를 70% 에탄올로 추출한 후 메탄올과 물을 섞은 용액으로 단계별로 XAD-4 column으로 분획하였다. 본 연구에서는 3T3-L1 섬유아세포와 지방세포에서 오매의 추출 분획물이 인슐린처럼 작용하는 인슐린성 물질이거나, 인슐린 작용을 향상시키는 인슐린 민감성 물질이거나, 또는 $\alpha$-glucoamylase 활성을 억제하는 물질로 작용하는 지 여부를 조사하였다. 오매 분획물은 인슐린성 물질로 작용하지 않았다. 반면에 20%나 40% 메탄올 분획층은 분화 유도 물질의 작용을 억제하여 3T3-L1 섬유아세포에서 지방세포로의 분화를 억제하였다. 한편 오매 분획층 중 60%, 80% 그리고 100% 메탄올 분획층은 3T3-L1 지방세포에서 인슐린 작용을 향상시키는 인슐린 민감성제로 작용하였다. in vitro 실험에서 20 그리고 40% 메탄올 분획층은 $\alpha$-glucoamylase의 활성을 저하시켜 말토스와 dextrin의 분해를 방해하였다. 그러나 in vivo에서는 오매 에탄올 추출물을 말토스나 dextrin을 투여하기 10분전에 투여하였을 때 최고 혈당 값과 area under the curve 값은 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 오매에는 지방 세포의 분화를 억제하는 물질과 인슐린 민감성을 향상시키는 물질이 함유하고 있으므로 비만을 동반한 당뇨병 및 인슐린 저항성의 치료와 예방에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 기술경영경제학회 2003년도 제22회 동계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.101-119
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• 2003

Assessing the effectiveness of R&D organization is hampered by the lack of measurable goals and identifiable outcome criteria. In this review, key issues In evaluating effectiveness are identified and Insights on the application of major assessment approaches are provided. This paper presents System-Process Model on assessing the effectiveness of R&D organization(Korean Government-supported Research Institutes). System-Process Model has attempted to integrate different approaches. It is useful In sensitizing evaluators to the importance of goal, internal process, system resource and feedback in improving organizational effectiveness.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 1997

The symmetric naphthothiazolo carbocyanine is of industrial importance as red-sensitizing dye in the spectral sensitization of emulsion microcrystals in negative film-making. The stability on the solvents of naphthothiazolo carbocyanine dye was measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and then all of solvents were stabilized sensitizer. The maximum absorption peak range in various solvents was $600nm{\sim}612nm$. But it was identified that only methanol can be used to photographic emulsion.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.45-46
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• 1998

The green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer has been studied UV-Vis absorption band of 9-methvl-5,5'-diphenyl-3,3'-bis(3-sulfopropyl)benzoxazolo carbocyanine triethyl ammonium salt in methanol solution and 10% methanol containing 10$^{-2}$ M KCl. the products were observed at 502nm and 540nm(J-band), respectively. The maximum spectral sensitivity of sensntizing silver halide emulsion showed at 546nm. In conclusion, benzoxazolo carbocyanine dye can be used as a green-sensitizing dye for the photographic emulsion.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.135-139
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• 1999

The ratio of dissociation rate $textsc{k}$-acversus the radiative decay rate $textsc{k}$D of the 1O2(1Δg) dimol has been determined to be $1.5\times$109 by its relaxation dynamcis in combination with a two-step O2((1Δg) sensitizing tetratert-butylphthalocoyanine luminescence. Consequently, with a known $textsc{k}$D value of 1.2 $\times$103S-1 , 10$textsc{k}$-ac has been extracted to be 1.8 $\times$1012S-1 CDCl3.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.23-26
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• 1980

Direct photoisomerizations of benzalpyrrolinones yield the corresponding E-isomers via a singlet state, since no effect of oxygen on the reaction rates was observed. The Z-oxodipyrromethene was photoisomerized to the E-isomer in a degassed system. In an aerobic system the oxodipyrromethene 3 was photoisomerized at the early stage of the reaction and photooxygenated slowly at latter stage of the reaction. For bilirubin, other (possibly Z ${\to}$ E) than self-sensitizing $^1O_2$ reaction should have occurred because of the lack of a solvent effect on the self-sensitized photooxidation reaction rate at the early stage.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제24권
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• pp.62-83
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• 2011

The totality of language learning comprises three integrated components: linguistic, cultural, and attitudinal (Wilkes, 1983).Positively sensitizing students to cultural phenomena is urgent and crucial. A positive attitude toward L2 culture is a factor in language learning that leads to cross cultural understanding. This research examined, through a survey analysis, how three groups of students (one high school group and two university student groups) viewed the role of their foreign culture (i.e., American and British cultures) in achieving cultural understanding. The focus was upon how EFL learners approach the target language culture as well as their own culture.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7125-7128
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• 2014

Background: Acquired genetic alterations and presence of sensitizing mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR and other signaling molecules have been found in different subsets of primary lung adenocarcinoma. The commonest EGFR mutations are small in frame deletions of exon 19 and a point mutation (L858R) in exon 21, having a combined occurrence of around 90%. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and types of EGFR mutations in primary lung adenocarcinomas in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: EGFR mutations in tumor samples were screened by multiplex real time PCR. Briefly, DNA from formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was amplified with primers and probes specific to 43 different EGFR mutations in a Cobas z 480 instrument. The assay detects mutations in four exons (18-21) of the EGFR gene. Results: Out of 94 patients, 65 were males and 29 females with a M:F ratio of 2.2: 1. The median age was 62 years (range, 28 - 85 years). In our biopsy samples 70 (74%) cases were of primary lung adenocarcinoma, whereas 24 (26%) were confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma of primary lung origin. EGFR mutation was positive in 29% of the patients. The highest frequency of L858R was observed in 48% of these, followed by deletion in exon 19 (44%). In addition, other rare mutations such as compound G718X:S768I and insertions in exon 20 insertion were detected in approximately 4% of the patients. Conclusions: This study showed that Del 19 and L858R are the most frequent mutations in Pakistani lung adenocarcinoma patients and around 29% of the patients were found eligible for erlotinib therapy.