• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.240-251
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the moral distress, moral sensitivity, and the factors that influence moral distress and the experience of moral distress among nurse working in a long-term care hospital. Overall, 180 nurses working in long-term care hospital in G Province were evaluated. Date were collected from March 21 to April 8, 2016 and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. The mean of moral distress among nurses was 3.57 and the moral sensitivity was 4.82, and these factors was significantly and positively correlated (r=0.494, p<0.001). Regression analysis revealed that the factors that significantly influenced moral distress were moral sensitivity and ethical dilemmas when conducting nursing practices. Situations that caused nurses to experience moral distress included inappropriate care behavior was not guaranteed the quality of nursing care, conditions related to unethical the human rights, conditions related to the lack of nursing staff and conditions related to the lack of support at the organizational and national level. Therefore, to reduce moral distress, nursing intervention programs that improve the moral sensitivity and ability to solve ethical-problems are needed for nurses working in long-term care facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.121-130
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore the level of the moral distress for nurses working in long-term care hospitals or nursing homes, and identify factors that influence the moral distress. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires including the Korean version of Moral Distress Scale-Revised (KMDS-R), Jefferson Empathy Scale for Health professionals (K-JSE-HP), Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (K-MSQ), and the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS). A total of 194 nurses from 11 long-term care hospitals or 27 nursing homes completed the structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. As results, the mean score for moral distress was $73.81{\pm}51.29$ in this study. The moral distress of nurses working at nursing homes was higher than that of nurses working in long-term care hospitals. Among the sub-factors of moral distress, the 'futile care' was the highest score and the 'limit to claim the ethical issue' was the lowest. The main factor affecting moral distress among nurses in this study was the ethical climate of organization. In this paper, we propose that in order to effectively reduce the moral distress of nurses working in a long-term care hospital or a nursing home, it is more impactful to address structural issues related to the caregiver workplace than to adjust individual factors.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 1991

Multiport-600 Solar SimulatorR is one of the most recent and convenient in-strument for evaluation of sun protection factor(SPF). In this study, we examined the practicability of the SPF determining system using Multiport -600 and the effects of several factors-light sources, seasons and experimental animals-on the minimal erythema dose(MED) and SPF. We also tested the UV sensitivity according to the sites of Korean people, And the ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth's surface In Seoul have been observed for one year. As a result of this study, the determinig system for SPF using Multiport-600 was proved to be a good system in accuracy and time-saving. The biological activity of fluorescence UV lamp of PUVA-800R was significantly higher than natural light or solar simulator with Xe arc lamp, and the determined MED became lower in inverse proportion to room temperature rise. Skin sensitivity by ultraviolet adiation was hights. in order \circled1 back \circled2 inns, upper arm \circled3 outer upper arm \circled4 foream. We also observed that UV radiation intensity was highest at noon in july and 1 sun burn unit(MED) was 28 minutes at that time.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.892-897
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• 2017

Until now, it has been for choosing most economic result to be generally used for designing remote MicroGrid (MG) system. It is able to make economic benefit by reducing operation cost, but proportion of renewable energy will be minimum. In other words, it is difficult to get an effect by renewable energy because economic feasibility is an only consideration. Therefore, various factors should be considered and design objectives should be are diversified to design proper remote MG system. In this paper, remote MG system is classified into two types according to design objectives, and they are analysed through case study based on economic evaluation. In addition, economic feasibility for each type is analysed through sensitivity analysis according to various factors that affect the design results of the system.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.87-93
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• 2018

Ground source heat pump(GSHP) system is one of the high efficiency heat source systems which utilizes the constant geothermal energy of a underground water or soil. However, the design of conventional GSHP system in the domestic market is dependent on the experience of the designer and the installer, and it causes increase of initial installation cost or degradation of system performance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a guideline and the optimal design method to maintain stable performance of the system and reduce installation cost. In this study, in order to optimize the GSHP system, design factors according to ground heat exchanger(GHX) type have been examine by simulation tool. Furthermore, the design factors and the correlation of a single U-tube and a double U-tube were analyzed quantitatively through sensitivity analysis. Results indicated that, the length of the ground heat exchanger was greatly influenced by grout thermal conductivity for single U-tube and pipe spacing for double U-tube.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2021

Urban residents in crowded complexes are making increasing civil complaints about noise and demanding pleasant and comfortable residential environments. Because noise is one of the most important factors related to urban residents' dissatisfaction with their living environments, the present study investigates the direct and indirect effects of noise-related outdoor environmental factors on residential level satisfaction, using noise level data from 29 noise-measuring stations in Seoul. From 62 multi-family apartment complexes near these stations, the authors collected GIS-based environmental attribute data, as well as survey data including the residents' personal characteristics and indicators designed to measure latent psychological characteristics: noise sensitivity and residential noise level satisfaction. This study then utilized structural equation models to analyze the direct variables influencing the latent variables of noise sensitivity and residential noise level satisfaction, as well as the complex relationships among all variables. The result showed that residents who are exposed to less noise, possibly due to living in apartments facing relatively quiet roads, protected by soundproof walls, or surrounded by densely planted trees, tend to be less noise sensitive, which makes them more satisfied with the ambient noise level. Therefore, critical outdoor environmental variables can be used to reduce noise sensitivity and improve residential noise level satisfaction.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07a
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• pp.60-61
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• 2006

An unwanted trip of backup distance relays often lead to a blackout. This paper presents investigation report on involvement of backup distance relays in the past blackouts and sensitivity-factor based algorithm to make a distinction between a fault and overload caused by line tripping. A preliminary idea to prevent deterioration of the situation due to unwanted trip of distance relays by utilizing the proposed algorithm is presented.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2016

Emulsion PCR (ePCR) has recently gained interest in the areas of food safety and biotechnology owing to its highly specific and sensitive performance in the amplification of target DNA. To facilitate the applications of ePCR to food safety and biotechnology, this paper describes the principles of ePCR and the factors that should be considered in designing ePCR. In addition, current research and applications related to ePCR are discussed.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.761-776
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• 2018

Guided wave testing is a reliable and safe method for pipeline inspection. In general, guided wave testing employs a circumferential array of piezoelectric transducers to clamp on the pipe circumference. The sensitivity of the operation depends on many factors, including transducer distribution across the circumferential array. This paper presents the sensitivity analysis of transducer array for the circumferential characteristics of guided waves in a pipe using finite element modelling and experimental studies. Various cases are investigated for the outputs of guided waves in the numerical simulations, including the number of transducers per array, transducer excitation variability and variations in transducer spacing. The effect of the dimensions of simulated notches in the pipe is also investigated for different arrangements of the transducer array. The results from the finite element numerical simulations are then compared with the related experimental results. Results show that the numerical outputs agree well with the experimental data, and the guided wave mode T(0,1) presents high sensitivity to the notch size in the circumferential direction, but low sensitivity to the notch size in the axial direction.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) and investment-cash flow sensitivity, which is a surrogate for financing constraints. Research design, data, and methodology - Taking China's A-share listed companies between 2009 and 2016 as a sample, this paper empirically tests the relationship between CSRD and investment-cash flow sensitivity by Panel VAR model. By introducing the orthogonal impulse response function, this paper distinguishes the fundamental factors and financial ones that affect corporate investment behavior. Results - Findings indicate that: (1) investment-cash flow sensitivity of firms with low level of CSRD is significantly lower than that of firms with high level of CSRD; (2) the orthogonal impulse response of corporate investment to cash flow in firms with high level of CSRD is significantly different from zero, but it is not significant in firms with low level of CSRD; (3) for firms with low level of CSRD, 0.7% of corporate investment volatility can be explained by the change in cash flow, which is lower than that of firms with high level of CSRD (1.1%). Conclusions - Corporations disclosing more and higher quality CSRD are often those faced with financing constraints. Voluntary disclosure can help them alleviate information asymmetry and financing constraints.