• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

In the present study, the materials, sizes, and designs of blind eye patch products of skin-adhesive type and glass-attachment type currently available in the market will be analyzed and ergonomically appropriate blind eye patches will be developed. Although these skin-adhesive type eye patches were easy to use, they had shortcomings such as skin troubles due to the adhesive used on the weak and sensitive skin of children and the fact that eyebrows are pulled out and the skin is irritated when the eye patches are detached after being attached. The non-adhesive type eye patches were blind patches to be worn by putting into glasses. These products were made using diverse materials such as neoprene, non-woven fabrics, and felt and showed differences in tactile impressions and irritation to the skin depending on material characteristics. In addition, most products were efficient in blocking light with three-dimensional oval designs comprising darts. In the present study, blind eye patches were designed to reduce skin troubles by using sweat-absorbing and quick-drying functional materials with soft tactile impressions. In addition, to increase the effect to block light and the degree of tight contact with the skin when the blind eye patches are worn compared to existing eye patch designs, the sides of the wings of the blind eye patches were widened, glass frame fixing plates were added, and the darts were made to be curved thereby making an ergonomic design reflecting the shape of the face. The non-adhesive type blind eye patches developed in the present study are considered to enhance the wearing sensation with the use of the material without skin irritation but with cushioning feelings and the ergonomic design reflecting the contour of the face.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.253-267
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• 2003

Inositol and phytic acic extracted from rice bran were investigated for applying cosmetics. Skin lotions containing 0∼3.0wt% inositol and 0∼1.5wt% phytic acid were applied respectively, to the arm skins of 45 Asian women 20'-40's for 7 weeks. Improvement on moisture was evaluated. In addition, improvements on sebum, elasticity, and wrinkle were examined after applying placebo, Inositol and phytic acid-containing skin lotions for face, respectively. For 1.0 wt% inositol resulted in 19% increase of moisture. The wrinkle reduction and elasticity improved 12.4% and 17.0% on average, respectively. Applying 0.5wt% phytic acid resulted in 71.6% increase the moisture. Improvements on wrinkle and elasticity were 15.9% and 21.9% respectively. Applying inositol or phytic acid regardless of dry or oily, resulted in sebum value recovery to that of the normal skin after 2- 4 weeks. Inositol is inferior to phytic acid in improvenients of the skin, and phytic acid is not suitable to sensitive skin. So 0-0.5wt% of phytic acid were added to 1.0wt% inositol and similar experiments were carried out. In case of added 0.1wt% phytic acid, moisture increased 63.8% approximately. Improvements on elasticity and reduction on wrinkle were 17.2% and 17.4%, respectively. Both skin types were turned to normal skin type after 2 weeks. It could improve the skin condition when used inositol added phytic acid. The optimized concentration of phytic acid was 0.10wt% with 1.0wt% of inositol for synergic effect.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.181-184
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) for the combination of physostigmine and procyclidine. The effects of various pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) on the percutaneous absorption of procyclidine across hairless mouse skin were evaluated to select an appropriate PSA. In addition, the influences of various vehicles on the percutaneous absorption of procyclidine from PSA matrix across hairless mouse skin were evaluated using flow-through diffusion cell system at $37^{\circ}C$. Physostigmine did not have any influence on the permeation rate of procyclidine. The flux of procyclidine was the highest in silicone and PIB and was relatively lower in SIS, Acryl, and SBS adhesive matrices, however, their use was limited by the crystallization of the drug in the matrix. Among acrylic adhesives, the permeability of procyclidine was the highest from poly (ethylene oxide) grafted acrylic adhesive. Some enhancers show different enhancing effect depending on the drug, however, many of the tested enhancers showed enhancing effect for the permeation of both procyclidine and physostigmine to some extent. $Crovol^{\circledR}$ EP 40 showed the highest enhancing effect on the permeation of both compounds. The size of TDDS to provide required permeation rate was estimated to be $35\;cm^2$ based on available information.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2002

To investigate the feasibility of developing a novel melatonin plaster, the effects of vehicles and drug loading dose on the in vitro permeation of melatonin across dorsal hairless mouse skin from pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) matrices were examined. Vehicles employed were propylene glycol laurate (PGL), propylene glycol monocaprylate (PGMC) and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME). Among PSAs used, only $Duro-Tak^{\circledR}$ 87-2196 showed a good peeling property. The release from $Duro-Tak^{circledR}$ 87-2196 was proportional to the square root of time, and dose-dependent. The fluxes increased as the loading dose increased over the doses under solubility. The relatively high permeation flux $(3.03{\pm}1.37\;{\mu}g/cm^2/hr)$ was obtained when using PGMC at the melatonin loading dose of $45\;mg/140\;cm^2$. Lag time was not affected by the vehicles used but by the thickness spread. The melatonin plasters prepared using PGMC showed a good adhesive property onto skin, and showed no crystal formation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2010

Sibutramine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor indicated for the management of obesity in conjunction with a reduced calorie diet. The oral administration of sibutramine is followed by its dose-related side effects. In this study, sibutramine was formulated into drug in adhesive (DIA) patches in an attempt to overcome these problems. The effects of different formulation variables including pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), loading amount of drug, thickness of matrix and enhancer on the skin permeation of the drug were evaluated using excised hairless mouse skin. In the acrylic adhesive with carboxyl functional group, low release of sibutramine was observed due to the strong interaction between carboxyl group of adhesive and amine group of sibutramine. The acrylic adhesive without functional group provided good adhesion force and allowed high drug loading. Changing drug load as well as thickness of the matrix was found to alter permeation rate. $Crovol^{(R)}$ PK40 and $Crovol^{(R)}$ A40, were found to be effective enhancers for sibutramine. The optimized patch contained 20% sibutramine, and 5% $Crovol^{(R)}$ A40 as permeation enhancer, in $80\;{\mu}m$ thick Duro-$Tak^{(R)}$ 87-9301 matrix.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.578-583
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• 2001

To investigate the feasibility of developing a new tenoxicam plaster, the effects of vehicles and penetration enhancers on the in vitro permeation of tenoxicam from a pressure-sensititre adhesive (PSA) matrices across the dorsal hairless mouse skin were studied. Vehicles employed in this study were propylene glycol (PC)-oleyl alcohol (OAI), PG-oleic acid (OA), and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DCMI)-propylene glycol monolaurate (PCML) cosolvents with/without fatty acids. In this studys amines such as triethanolamine (TEA) and tromethamine (TM) were additionally used as a solubilized. Among PSAs used, $Duro-Tak^{\circledR}$87-2510 showed much higher release rate than either $Duro-Tak^{\circledR}$ 87-2100 or $Duro-Tak^{\circledR}$87-2196. The relatively high flux rate was obtained with the formulation of DCMI-PCML (40:60, v/v) with 3% OA and 5% TM, and the flux increased as a function of the dose;the initial flux up to 12 h was $4.98{\pm}1.38{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/{\textrm{cm}^2}/h$ at the tenoxicam dose of $50{\;} mg/70{\;}{\textrm{cm}^2}$. This flux was much higher than that of a commercial piroxicam patch ($Trast^{\circledR}$) ($1.24{\pm}0.73{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/$\textrm{cm}^2/hr$) with almost only one-third that of the commercial patch. Therefore, these observations indicated that these composition of tenoxicam plaster may be practically applicable.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.681-688
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• 2024

The accurate and rapid detection of methicillin-resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) holds significant clinical importance. However, the methicillin-resistance detection strategies commonly require complicated cell lysis and gene extraction. Herein, we devised a novel colorimetric approach for the sensitive and accurate identification of methicillin-resistance of SA by combining allosteric probe-based target recognition with self-primer elongation-based target recycling. The PBP2a aptamer in the allosteric probe successfully identified the target MRSA, leading to the initiation of self-primer elongation based-cascade signal amplification. The peroxidase-like hemin/G-quadruplex undergo an isothermal autonomous process that effectively catalyzes the oxidation of ABTS2- and produces a distinct blue color, enabling the visual identification of MRSA at low concentrations. The method offers a shorter duration for bacteria cultivation compared to traditional susceptibility testing methods, as well as simplified manual procedures for gene analysis. The overall amplification time for this test is 60 min, and it has a detection limit of 3 CFU/ml. In addition, the approach has exceptional selectivity and reproducibility, demonstrating commendable performance when tested with real samples. Due to its advantages, this colorimetric assay exhibits considerable potential for integration into a sensor kit, thereby offering a viable and convenient alternative for the prompt and on-site detection of MRSA in patients with skin and soft tissue infections.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1773-1778
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• 2020

This study evaluated the skin improvement effect and feeling of use of a temperaturesensitive hydrogel mask pack containing an hyaluronic acid. Ten women in their 30s to 40s who met the selection criteria were tested. The hydrogel mask pack was applied 3 times a week for 4 weeks, and moisture, oil, and skin tone were measured. As a result, skin moisture content increased by 11.3% after one application and 58.36% after 4 weeks of use, showing a very high rate of moisture increase. The oil content increased by 67% after one use, and after that, an appropriate amount of oil was maintained. Did not increase any more. Skin tone increased after 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, evaluation of application feeling and sensory efficacy obtained 87.6% of positive results. As a result of the above, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel mask pack helps to improve the skin and has an excellent feeling of use.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.464-469
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• 2008

In human beings, it is known that there is a correlation between the occurrence of acne and the ability to suppress sebum. Sebosuppression may be related to the inhibition of sebocyte proliferation, differentiation, and lipogenesis in sebaceous glands. To investigate the skin sebosuppressive activity of green tea extract, the in vivo effects of its flavonoid compounds on the androgen-dependent stimulation of pigmented macules in hamsters and performed in vitro experiments with human primary sebocytes were examined. Our results imply a dual activity of skin sebosuppression by green tea flavonoids; some catechins including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and gallocatechin-3-gallate (GCG) may reduce the differentiation of sebocytes by inhibiting PPAR-${\gamma}1$ mRNA expression, whereas some flavonol glycosides including kaempferol may inhibit lipogenesis in sebaceous glands by decreasing levels of the mature form of sterol-sensitive response elements binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). Therefore, green tea is a potentially effective material for use in the development of health foods or cosmetics for skin sebosuppression.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.182-186
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• 2014

Recently, the use of panoramic radiography has shown a constant increase, and significant research is underway. However, radiation exposure attracts less attention in dental radiography than in other types of radiography. We used an OSLD for measurement of the entrance skin dose in eyeballs and the thyroid region, both of which are not covered by examinations but are included in radiographical regions and are sensitive to radiation, as well as orally in Incheon and reported the results. The entrance skin dose was 0.0282 mSv on average for the oral region, and 0.0259 mSv on average for the eyeball, and 0.0261mSv on average, for thyroid gland. While there is no proper shielding method for the eyeball, a thyroid protector is not used by most hospitals and most hospitals are equipped with an apron and a thyroid protector separately; thus, it is necessary to use an integration of an apron and a thyroid protector and medical device manufacturers need to develop a method for controlling the length of the slit in the slit-type area of radiation occurrence in order to reduce unnecessary exposure.