• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.132.2-132.2
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• 2013

Electrons in graphene make ballistic transport with very high mobility (${\sim}2{\times}105 $cm2V-1s-1), which holds promises for applications in fast electronic devices. However, such expectations have been hampered by the semi-metallicity or zero bandgap of graphene, which makes it impossible to completely turn off graphene transistor devices. Here, we report the observations of local bandgap modulations in Moir$\acute{e}$ patterned graphene on metal substrates using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The Moir$\acute{e}$ patterned graphene was made by combinations of self-assembly processes, and they showed additional electronic states that could be interpreted as sub-band states. Our experimental observations could be explained with orbital transitions of carbon atoms from sp2 to sp3, as supported by our density functional theory calculation results. Our findings will add new poweful components for device applications.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.487-490
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• 1998

During driving an automobile, drivers push the clutch and transmit gear by their feeling. At the automobile which have the manually operated gear box by using apart designed equipment, for get the semi-auto function, a lot of research to realize the system which have passive transmission and automotive transmission has developed. In this paper, basically using one chip .mu.-comcontrolled the clutch of automobile by means of LPF, F/V converter and TR driver circuit which is designed. In the past, it was controlled the motor by operating relay which is int eh output system to control the clutch. This system some noises is made by on and off the relay, lessen the motor speed and causes many error due to consume the large power on driving the motor. In this paper, to solve these problems the output TR is operated by using one chip .mu.-com decrease the electic power consumption and designed the actuator to control the clutch by measns of vacuum.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.351-357
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• 2007

SRM (Switched Reluctance Motor) has not been put into practical use since it has been developed in mid 19th centuries, but the switching element using semi-conductor was developed in 1950's which made possible to produce small size staffing motors. The research activities have been lively conducted regarding SRM since 1960's, nowadays, more research activities are being carried out focusing on developing small home appliances such as vacuum cleaners and washing machines. This thesis explains the study of controller design applied to SRM concept. This controller executes controller algorithms via $\mu$ - processor to increase stability and precise measurement, and VHDL (Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language) is designed to generate SRM driving signal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.258-263
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• 2005

Because of its high performance and accuracy, electron beam welding has an important role in industrial applications such as semi-conductor and LCD manufactures. Since its operation has been done in a vacuum room, it is very difficult to check out their weldability as well as the correct welding area of the specimen. In this study, a measurement system of the electron beam welding has been developed based on the 3-axis LVDT controlled table. In addition, the algorithm to tracking the welding line has been developed. Welded regions were measured by using an A-scan ultrasonic sensor only. Weldability of the aluminum specimen has been tested by newly developed measuring system. The results are compared with those by using an C-scan ultrasonic sensor, which show good agreements with each other.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.275-275
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• 2010

국제핵융합실험로 (ITER)의 블랑켓 일차벽 조달 자격 획득을 위한 검증시험을 수행하여 1단계를 2009년 완료하였고, 2단계는 2011년 예정으로 진행 중이다. 우리나라는 이미 1단계 검증시험에서 2 개의 일차벽 목업 (First Wall Qualification Mockup ; FWQM)을 제출하여 시험을 성공적으로 통과하였고, 2단계 검증 시험을 위해 semi-prototype 제작 기술 및 시험 기술을 개발 중이다. 블랑켓 일차벽 검증 시험 및 제작 기술을 확보하기 위한 고유접합법 개발을 위해서 표준 크기($80\;mm{\times}80\;mm$)의 목업을 제작하여 국내 고열부하 시험 시설에서 접합 방법의 타당성을 확인하였다. 표준목업은 HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) 접합법으로 stainless steel과 Cu 냉각부를 제작하고, 다시 $80\;mm{\times}80\;mm$ Be tile을 HIP 방법으로 냉각부에 접합하여 제작한다. 고유접합법 개발을 위해서 Be과 Cu 냉각부 계면에 Cr($1\;{\mu}m$)/Cu($10\;{\mu}m$), Ti($5\;{\mu}m$)/Cu($10\;{\mu}m$) 층을 코팅하여 Be 접합 성능을 개선하였으며, 기존의 접합 계면과 차별화된 기술을 확보하였다. 표준목업의 전체 크기는 $80\;mmW{\times}80\;mmL{\times}84\;mmH$ 이고, 1차로 총 6개, 2차로 4개를 제작하였으며 제작 과정 및 제작 전후에 파괴검사, 비파괴검사를 수행하여 접합의 건전성을 확인하였다. 제작 완료된 표준 목업은 냉각 관로를 장착하여 국내의 고열부하 시험시설인 KoHLT-1에 장착하여 성능 시험을 수행하였다. 고열부하 시험 시설의 냉각수 조건은, 온도 $25^{\circ}C$(실온), 유량 0.15 kg/sec이고, 고열 부하 조건에서는 0.5, 1.0, $1.5\;MW/m^2$의 screening 시험을 거친 후 1.5 MW/m2에서 cycle 시험을 진행하였다. 각 목업의 고열부하 시험을 마친 후 비파괴 검사의 일환으로 UT(Ultrasonic test) 시험을 수행하여 열부하 시험 전후의 목업 건전성을 확인하였다. 고유접합법을 이용하여 개발한 표준 목업의 고열부하 시험을 통해서 접합법의 타당성 및 건전성을 확인하였고, 향후 블랑켓일차벽 조달 검증 2단계 시험에서 semi-prototype 제작 및 고열부하 시험에 대비하고, ITER 관련 핵심 기술 개발 목표를 달성할 것이다.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2004

A Li recovery technology has been developed and related experimental verification efforts were carried out to improve the economical viability and environmental friendliness of the 'Advanced Spent Fuel Conditioning Process' being developed at KAERI. This technology is characterized by the combination of 1) the electrolysis of $Li_2O$ in a molten salt by using a porous non-conducting magnesia container at the cathode, 2) the separation of the Li in the container from the molten salt by elevating the container above the level of a molten salt, 3) the transport of the Li in the container by using a vacuum siphon to a separated reservoir. Li was semi-continuously recovered from a LiCl-$Li_2O$ molten salt with a more than 95% yield by using the developed technology.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.17-25
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• 2020

Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology has constructed a large scale Dust Thermal Vacuum Chamber to simulate extreme lunar terrestrial environments and to study the Moon as an outposts for space development and exploration. Although a large amount of KLS-1 (Korean Lunar Simulant-1) is required for research, its massive production is practically difficult. This paper describes semi-automatic manufacturing system for massive production of KLS-1 in detail, which is seven times more efficient than manual production. In addition, to increase the similarity with lunar regolith, hydrogen reduction reaction using ilmenite which is one of the minerals was also conducted to simulate nanophase Fe(0) which is the unique property of lunar regolith. As a result, it was found that np-Fe(0) was formed at a temperature of 700℃ or higher, and increased in proportion to the temperature until 900℃.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.669-675
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• 2007

Quality characteristics of Kwamaegi (semi-dried saury) prepared by treatment of chitosan-ascorbate (CA) and vacuum drying at $40{\sim}60^{\circ}C$(VDK), and the effect of the Kwamaegi on serum lipid profiles and anti-oxidation-related enzyme activity in rats fed high fat diets were investigated. The preparation periods were $4.5{\sim}8.3$ hr in VDK, while naturally dried Kwamaegi (NDK) took 360480 hr. Total microbe contents of VDK and NDK were $0.2{\sim}0.5$ and 8.2 log CFU/g, respectively. There was no significant difference in amino-nitrogen content. Compared with NDK, the acid and peroxide value, and fishy flavor of VDK40 (dried at $40^{\circ}C$) were significantly lower, and the texture, color and overall acceptability were higher. In animal experiments, weight gain, content of LDL-cholesterol and lipid peroxide, activities of total (T) and O type (O) xanthine oxidase, and the O/T ratio (%) were significantly lower in the VDK40 diet group than in the NDK diet group. The content of HDL-cholesterol in the VDK40 diet group was higher than in the NDK diet group. These results suggest that preparing CA-treated Kwamaegi with vacuum-drying at $40^{\circ}C$ can be applied throughout the year, and may shorten preparation time and improve its microbiological safety and nutritional values.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.293.1-293.1
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• 2016

Various materials including conductive, dielectric, and semi-conductive materials, constitute suitable candidates for printed electronics. Metal nanoparticles (e.g. Ag, Cu, Ni, Au) are typically used in conductive ink. However, easily oxidized metals, such as Cu, must be processed at low temperatures and as such, photonic sintering has gained significant attention as a new low-temperature processing method. This method is based on the principle of selective heating of a strongly absorbent film, without light-source-induced damage to the transparent substrate. However, Cu nanoparticles used in inks are susceptible to the growth of a native copper-oxide layer on their surface. Copper-oxide-nanoparticle ink subjected to a reduction mechanism has therefore been introduced in an attempt to achieve long-term stability and reliability. In this work, a flash-light sintering process was used for the reduction of an inkjet-printed Cu(II)O thin film to a Cu film. Using a photographic lighting instrument, the intensity of the light (or intense pulse light) was controlled by the charged power (Ws). The resulting changes in the structure, as well as the optical and electrical properties of the light-irradiated Cu(II)O films, were investigated. A Cu thin film was obtained from Cu(II)O via photo-thermal reduction at 2500 Ws. More importantly, at one shot of 3000 Ws, a low sheet resistance value ($0.2527{\Omega}/sq.$) and a high resistivity (${\sim}5.05-6.32{\times}10^{-8}{\Omega}m$), which was ~3.0-3.8 times that of bulk Cu was achieved for the ~200-250-nm-thick film.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.285-285
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• 2016

Resistive random access memory devices have been widely studied due to their high performance characteristics, such as high scalability, fast switching, and low power consumption. However, fluctuation in operational parameters remains a critical weakness that leads to device failures. Although the random formation and rupture of conducting filaments (CFs) in an oxide matrix during resistive switching processes have been proposed as the origin of such fluctuations, direct observations of the formation and rupture of CFs at the device scale during resistive switching processes have been limited by the lack of real-time large-area imaging methods. Here, a novel imaging method is proposed for monitoring CF formation and rupture across the whole area of a memory cell during resistive switching. A hybrid structure consisting of a resistive random access memory and a light-emitting diode enables real-time monitoring of CF configuration during various resistive switching processes including forming, semi-forming, stable/unstable set/reset switching, and repetitive set switching over 50 cycles.