• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.35-52
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to prospect for mutual maturity between therapist-client in Music and Imagery music therapy session from therapists' points of view. Qualitative data has been collected by in-depth interview of therapist-client mutual maturity process, then analysed with grounded theories. The questions of the study were to ask process of mutual maturity experienced by music and imagery therapist and meaning of the experience itself. Therapists ware to answer the moment of mutual maturity, realization and meaning of mutual maturity process through semi-structured in-depth interview. The four therapists who participated in the interview are certified MIT(Music & Imagery Therapist) by Lisa Summer and currently in training GIM. From the in-depth interview, 81 concepts have been collected and have been divided into 20 categories in open coding, then rearranged into 9 categories in axis coding. To explain music and imagery therapists' maturity process through grounded theory paradigm, as a result, the main phenomenon of experience was 'to deal with counter-transference'. When dealing their counter-transference, therapists experienced their maturity process. Supervision and musical/non-musical self-reflection are also used for interactive intervention medium. So, maturity of therapists leads to knowing and accepting herself and mature therapists are able to help clients mature.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2016

This study was to investigate the types of middle school students’ conceptual change on electrolyte and ion. Data were collected by pre- and post- exams of 9th grade students’ conceptions of electrolyte and ion, and by semi-structured interviews with nine students served as case representatives who participated in the study. All interviews were transcribed, analyzed and classified by conceptual change according to the responses of the students. The results are as follows: First, students’ ion conceptual change was classified into four types; simple conception to sophisticated conception, incomplete conception to scientific conception, misconception to confused conception, and misconception to misconception. Most students had difficulty in understanding of the concepts of ion in pre- and post-class, and they failed to distinguish between atom and subatomic particles precisely. Second, students’ conceptual change of electrolyte was also classified into the following four types; partially scientific conception to sophisticated conception, misconception to partial misconception, incomplete conception to incomplete conception and misconception to misconception. The study found that students had difficulty distinguishing the difference between electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. Third, students also had difficulty understanding the concepts on particles because they learned the ‘electrolyte and ion’ unit so quickly in the second semester of 9th grade in order to fill in the academic reports for applying high schools. Furthermore, some suggestions were made based on the results for understanding scientific concepts on particles.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to examine nurses’ perceptions of medication treatment for psychiatric patients and to compare these perceptions with the perceptions held by the patients. The methodology used in this study was a descriptive design with semi-structured and open-ended interviews. This study used a convenience sample of 112 nurses who worked in, and 209 patients who were under psychiatric treatment, in four hospitals attached to a university and one national mental hospital in the city of Seoul. The collected data were analyzed by SAS, using percentages for descriptive purposes, and t-test or x$^2$ for comparing the variables. The results were as follows : 1. There was no significant differences between nurses’ and patients’ perceptions on the extent to which patients complied with their medication treatment. Generally speaking, the mean compliance scores for both nurses and patients was high(nurse : (equation omitted)=3.70, Patient : (equation omitted)=3.76). 2. There was a significant difference in nurses’ and patients’ perceptions on the reasons why patients do not take medication. The nurse group indicated that the patients did not take medication because of the “worry about side effects or habituation(49.53%)”, “boredom from long-term use of medication(26.17%)” and “distrust toward medical staff(12.15% )”, but the patient group indicated that they “did not want to be dependent on medication (25%)”, “forgot to take medication(19.7%) and “worried about side effects or habituation(15.91%). 3. As for the necessity of medication, both groups showed some different responses. Even though both groups were aware of the necessity of taking medication, the patient group(21.53%) showed a more negative response. As (or the effects of medication, both groups (nurses and patients ) showed positive responses. However, the nurse group showed a higher positive response (91.07% ) than the patient group(74.16%), 5. Both the patient and nurse group indicated that the most helpful element for the patient’s life under psychiatric treatment was interviews and conversations with therapists and nurses. However, the nurse group showed a higher response(70.15%) than the patients group(47.15%). According to the patient group, family support for the patient was another important factor for psychiatric treatment and daily struggles. In conclusion, as there were differences between the perception of nurses and patients, the nurse must consider the patients’ subjective perceptions first. They should also revaluate their false belief and prejudice concerning the patients’ perceptions. Such information can provide a base to be applied by the nurses in devloping effective mutual relationships with patients which can in turn help in compliance with medication regimen. As it was confirmed that medication was the most important factor in the patients’ recovery, a thorough education program on the therapeutic effect of medication and the necessity of their continued use after discharge is also needed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.801-814
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to find out whether pre-service biology teachers' biological meanings of competition and adaptation is the same as everyday meanings to understand natural selection and evolution. Fifty three pre-service biology teachers answered written tests and thirteen of them were interviewed. The tests on general meanings on competition and adaptation, tests on biological meanings on competition and adaptation and tests on natural selection were administered. Questions on semi-structured interviews were composed of only biological meanings about competition and adaptation. Analyzing data through four steps, pre-service biological teachers' general meanings on competition and adaptation were compared with the definitions of Korean dictionary and compared with biological definitions. Pre-service teachers' alternative conceptions about biological competition and adaptation were classified and the alternative conceptual types were checked when explaining natural selection and evolution. They realized competition is battle for intention or purpose like everyday meaning of competition. However, they didn't realize adaptation happen in the population level. They thought that adaptation, like in everyday life meaning, is getting suitable to environment for survival on an individual level. By relating adaptation to evolution, they thought that long-lasting adaptation become evolution. This study has significance with respect to suggesting the alternative concepts of competition and adaptation based on effective evolution teaching from constructivism viewpoint and highlighting the importance of the concepts of biological competition and adaptation, which have been concerned rarely for a long time.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.35-51
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• 2015

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the various reasons that might lead single women to choose not to marry. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were arranged with 18 single women who met the criteria for the present research purpose. We considered only those responses of the interviewees that are directly related to their reasons why they choose not to marry, where the collected data were analyzed in three steps by methods of thematic analysis. As a result of the analysis, the reasons for which they chose not to marry could be grouped into three main clusters of themes which may be labeled as (1) themes centered on 'Myself', (2) themes centered on 'Family' and (3) themes centered on 'Surrounding Environments and Friends'. Among the first category of themes of 'Myself', we have found five sub-themes such as "Lack of emotional communication", "Not-found spouse meeting my criteria", "My personality", "Self-narcissism or self-centeredness", "False beliefs in marriage". As for the second category of themes 'Family', three sub-themes have been found including "Family of origin conflict", "Closeness to family of origin", "Comfortable daily lives". And for the final category of themes 'Surrounding Environments and Friends', there were found three sub-themes which include "Negative effects of married friends", "Emotional support system", "Changing social atmosphere". In all there are eleven sub-themes to consider. On the basis of these results, we presented some conclusions on the reasons why single women in their thirties or forties choose not to marry. We also presented some implications of these results on population education and future research.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.89-100
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• 2017

Since smart devices are able to efficiently provide information without barriers of time and location, they are widely utilized with advent of the hyper-connected society. Especially, the smart devices have been developed in the form of wearable devices for mutual interaction between human and objects. Smart clothing, which embeds smart devices within clothes, measures and obtains a variety of bio-signals as it is in close contact with the human bodies. Conventional smart clothing generated wearers' discomfort because they were developed by simple attachment of electronic devices to clothes. Therefore, it is highly recommended to develop novel smart clothing based on smart textiles which integrate electronic devices as parts of textiles. As smart watches are currently the most available wearable devices in the market, smart watch users were selected in this study, for the purpose of investigating core needs of wearable smart device users based on the user experience and user's sensibility. Qualitative research was performed through semi-structured interview in order to obtain detailed answers about user sensibility based on smart watch user experience. After the in-depth interview, the user's sensibility was categorized into four aspects; functional, aesthetic, social, and empirical. Sensibility adjectives and key words were assigned to each aspect and their frequency was analyzed. It was the functional aspect of sensibility that the wearable device users require the most. The results of this study will be utilized as a fundamental data to develop the smart textiles required for the next generation of smart clothing which is attracting as a future wearable device.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.172-182
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• 2020

Objectives : In this study, we conducted a focus group interview among expatriates living in Korea, to investigate their experiences and perceptions of acupuncture and Korean Medicine in order to improve the usage of Korean Medicine in the medical tourism market. Methods : The inclusion criteria for the focus group interview was: (1) participants between the age of 20 to 75 years old; (2) those who had lived in Korea for more than 90 days, and (3) those who were able to express their thoughts freely in English. The participants were informed that the interviews will be recorded and transcribed. We ended recruitment once saturation of materials was met. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data was analyzed after each interview. Results : The interviews were held between June to December 2016. Twenty-four participants were recruited but four dropped out and a total of twenty participants successfully finished the interviews. Six focus group interviews were conducted. Analysis revealed that Korean Medicine was relatively less known compared to Traditional Chinese Medicine or Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Participants automatically associated acupuncture with the management of pain or stress and replied that these were the areas that they thought acupuncture would be most effective. Positive experiences with acupuncture and with the acupuncture practitioners were factors that promoted the use of acupuncture whereas lack of awareness, accessibility and accreditation were factors that hindered its use. Other factors that hindered the use of acupuncture was needle phobia and the perception that acupuncture lacks scientific evidence. Conclusions : Awareness on Korean Medicine and acupuncture is low. Participants lack awareness on what diseases acupuncture can treat, the scientific evidence behind the mechanism of action, and the rigorous education system that Korean Medicine doctors must go through to get their license. Rigorous marketing should be encouraged, which includes greater exposure in the media, more honest reviews from patients, and promotion of the scientific evidence base.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.53-75
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• 2013

This article explores the impact of mergers on the experiences of students. A case design is used to gain an in-depth understanding of the students in a Korean university that was combined with a two-year college in 2007. Semi-structured interviews of 11 direct entrants, 5 transfer students, and 7 professors were conducted in 2010 for the data collection. The results suggest that mergers do not necessarily ensure the integration of the students involved. Since mergers pose enormous challenges to both transfer students and direct entrants, university leaders need to give careful attention to students' persistence and integration as the campus changes. The results also reveal that students' experience of mergers may be affected by cultural backgrounds as well as the hierarchical structure of higher education. In Korean society, where credentialism prevails, mergers can have different impacts on students who come from initial institutions of differing perceived quality, and thus mergers may incite tension among the students. In light of these concerns, this study's findings highlight the importance of student integration as a key element in mergers.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.71-95
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• 2014

This is a pilot study of multifaceted longitudinal research project to explore educational experiences of students with multicultural family backgrounds in Korea. Especially for this pilot study, I selected three foreign-born immigrant youths and tried to explore how these youths describe constraints of their learning experience in different culture. The data for this study were mainly collected through qualitative research methods. For a better understanding of the research participants' perceptions in this study, narrative inquiry and series of semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted for a period of four months which corresponds to one semester of school system in Korea. As a result, this study found that there is an urgent need to establish a systemic and developmentaly appropriate language education programs that ensure educating the language to the foreign-born immigrant youths because their academic achievement, interpersonal relationships, and future depend greatly on the fluency of Korean language. It was also found that it is necessary to take appropriate educational actions in supporting alternative schools where the foreign-born immigrant youths can fully and seriously considered as a whole person. Although this study has some limitations in examining every single aspect of the current state of education of students with multicultural backgrounds in Korea, it provides deep insight into some of their initial educational experiences and proposes several ways to improve these educational programs for them.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.207-236
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• 2013

This article aims to understand the process of effective leadership in the Community Care Centers for the Disabled(CCCD). Using a qualitative approach and the concept of 'Sensemaking', a term introduced by Weick (1995), I described and explored the process of leadership. Sensemaking enables leaders to have a better grasp of what is going on in their environments. Sensemaking theory offers a perspective on leadership that resolves successfully complex situations surrounding the CCCD. The CCCDs face the environmental changes such as a paradigm shift of disability and a rivalry system with private services. In this time of uncertain change, the CCCDs are in need of leadership of the executives who could reduce complexity with shared meaning. Data were collected over 5 weeks from the 6 CCCDs, through semi-structured interviews, with practitioners, middle managers and chief executives. The interview scripts were thematically analyzed through Atlas-ti programme. The findings showed three subjects, the people's perception of environment, organizational visioning and interactions among post positions. Even though the 6 CCCDs were under the same environment, the perceptions and the enactments of the practitioners were influenced by the chief executives' sensemaking. The important factors of the chief executives' sensemaking were the daily interaction as well as ongoing reflection on their experiences.