• 농약과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 2016년 1월부터 11월까지 광주광역시에 위치한 양동시장 등 7곳의 재래시장과 4곳의 대형마트, 8곳의 온라인 쇼핑몰 등에서 총 200건의 건조채소류를 구매하여 이에 대한 잔류농약 실태를 조사하였다. 이 중 국내산은 166건, 수입산은 34건이었다. 수입산은 중국 29건, 미얀마 4건, 베트남 1건이었다. 건조농산물을 식품원재료의 형태로 분류해보면 국내산은 과채류 44건, 엽경채류 45건, 엽채류 55건, 근채류 14건, 핵과류 6건, 버섯류 2건이며 수입산은 과채류 3건, 엽경채류 16건, 엽채류 5건, 근채류 1건, 버섯류 9건이며 품목별로는 건토란대 23건, 건고구마대 22건, 건고추 21건, 건취나물 20건, 건고사리 16건, 무시래기 15건, 건호박 14건, 무말랭이 13건 등 총 23품목이었다. 이를 검사하여 건고추 15건, 건취나물 7건, 건고춧잎 3건, 건방풍나물 2건, 건가지 1건, 건곤드레나물 1건, 무시래기 1건, 건표고버섯 1건, 건고사리 1건 등 총 9품목 32건에서 21종의 농약이 검출되었다. 또한 건조채소류 4품목이 잔류허용기준을 초과하였으며(부적합률 2.0%) 건고추에서 pyraclostrobin이 4.5 mg/kg (MRL 3.0), 건취나물에서 chlorpyrifos가 0.98 mg/kg (MRL 0.05), 건고춧잎에서 pyridalyl이 38.26 mg/kg (MRL 0.25), 무시래기에서 chlorpyrifos가 1.49 mg/kg (MRL 0.13)으로 기준을 초과하였다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.111-132
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• 1999

This correlational descriptive study sought to define the relationship between the experience of Sanhujori, Korean tradition non-professional postpartal care after delivery and abortion and present physical symptom distress of arthritis female who visited to outpatient clinic of rheumatic internal medicine at three hospital located in Seoul, Pusan, Chongju, Korea. Data from a convenience sample of 98 women who orally agreed to be respondent were collected from September 1, 1998 to October 31, 1998 for two months by way of interview with semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis consisted of frequency, percentage, mean, S. D., Pearson Correlation Coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc by SPSS. The results of the study were as follows ; Mean age of participants as 52.8 years and mean number of children 3.3. Mean frequency of child birth was 3.1 times per woman, 67.4% of respondents had menopause, 57.0% did not have Sunhujori after abortion. The health status implies the subjective health status women perceived, which came from the three points of view of the present, comparative with other of same age and changed after delivery. The respondents of 76.1% perceived them as unhealthy and the main sites of physical symptom distress were upper & lower extremities including knee and hand 34.8%, shoulder 26.5%, waist 22.4%. Women perceived the etiology of the arthritis as 'did Sanhujori wrongly' 36.7%, 'aging process' 24.5%, 'stress' 16.3%, 'overwork' 15.3%, 'Immunocompromize' & 'physical constitution' 7.1% respectively, 'character' 3.1%, 'genetic' 2.0%, 'malnutrition' 1.0%. The mean period of Sanhujori after delivery was 20.4 at the first child and 18.1 at the second child. The higher frequency of child birth, the shorter period of Sanhujori. For the subjective evaluation of whether the women did Sanhujori well or not, the rate of 'did Sanhujori well' was the highest rank in the first child and the rate of 'did not particularly Sanhujori well' was the highest rank in the last child. There was a significant positive correlation between physical function disability and rheumatoid arthritis symptom at the level of 1% of significance statistically(r=.406). And a positive correlation between physical function disability and Sanhubyung symptom at the level of 5% of significance statistically(r=.224). There was a significant positive correlation among rheumatoid arthritis symptom, Sanhubyung symptom and menopause symptom at the level of 1%-5% of significance statistically. Most of all, the correlation between Sanhubyung symptom and menopause symptom was the higher than others. There was a negative correlation between the present physical symptom distress and experience of Sanhujori(r=.-130), however it was not significant statistically. However, there was a positive correlation between subjective health status and experience of Sanhujori at the level of 1% of significance statistically(r=.328). In conclusion, this finding reconfirmed the positive relationship between the perceived health status and experience of Sanhujori after delivery among women of arthritis. It provides a challenge to the professional care givers to study further on the effects of Sanhuiori after abortion or delivery on the physical symptom distress from the variouis aspects through the cross-sectional and longitudinal research. The strategy for the development of the appropriate intervention for primary prevention of sequele after childbirth and quality of care for desirable health outcomes for postpartal women with considering deeply on the relationship between women's health and postapartal care.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.868-875
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• 2017

본 연구는 스트레스 정도에 따른 영양소 섭취와 대사증후군 위험도를 분석하고자 수행되었다. 본 연구는 40~69세 일반인구 집단을 대상으로 실시한 한국인 역학조사 사업 중 농촌 기반코호트를 이용하여 진행하였고, 그중 여성을 대상으로 분석하였다. 대상자들은 사회 심리적 건강측정도구(Psychosocial Well-being Index, PWI)를 기초로 하여 개발된 18문항의 단축형(PWI-SF)의 평균값을 기준으로 0~26점의 저스트레스군과 27점 이상인 고스트레스군으로 분류되었다. 영양 섭취 상태 및 식습관은 반정량식품섭취빈도조사방법(semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, SQFFQ)을 이용하여 평가하였다. 고스트레스군 대상자들은 저스트레스군보다 나이, 허리둘레, 혈압이 유의적으로 낮았으며 신장은 유의적으로 높았다. 혈액분석 결과에서는 고스트레스군이 저스트레스군보다 공복혈당, 인슐린 저항성 지수, 중성지방, 동맥경화 지수가 유의적으로 높았다. 영양소 섭취를 분석한 결과 고스트레스군 대상자들이 저스트레스군보다 항산화 영양소인 비타민 A, 비타민 C, 비타민 E, 엽산, 아연, 카로틴을 더 적게 섭취하였다. 과일과 채소의 섭취량 또한 고스트레스군이 저스트레스군보다 유의적으로 적었다. 스트레스와 대사증후군 위험의 관계를 살펴본 결과 고스트레스군 대상자들이 저스트레스군보다 대사증후군의 교차비가 유의적으로 높았다. 결과적으로 한국 농촌 여성에서 스트레스가 높을수록 항산화 영양소와 과일 및 채소의 섭취가 적었으며 대사증후군 위험이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3235-3242
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• 2016

Background: Complementary alternative medicine (CAM) use in children with cancer is widespread. Health-care providers (HCP) need to acknowledge and address this need. This study explored and compared perspectives on CAM of HCP and parents of young patients with cancer in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using semi-structured questionnaires in HCP and parents of childhood cancer patients at an Indonesian academic hospital. Results: A total of 351 respondents participated: 175 HCP (response rate 80%) and 176 parents (response rate 80%). Parents were more likely than HCP to think that chemotherapy can cure cancer (80% compared to 69%, P=0.013). Nearly half of all parents (46%) and HCP (45%) doubted whether CAM can cure cancer. Parents were more likely than HCP to think that CAM can be helpful in childhood cancer treatment (54% compared to 35%, P=0.003). The most recommended CAM by HCP was self-prayer (93%). Reasons for recommending CAM were: hope for improvement of the child's condition (48%), patient wants to stop treatment (42%). Most discouraged CAM by HCP was by old-smart people (70%), the reasons being: lack of evidence for usefulness (77%), lack of CAM knowledge (75%). The proportion thinking that patients were unlikely to raise the CAM topic if they perceived that doctors were skeptical was higher in parents than in HCP (52% versus 1%) (P<0.001). Most HCP (71%) and parents (77%) acknowledged that their knowledge about safety and efficacy of CAM was inadequate (P=ns). The proportion that wanted to learn or read more about CAM was higher among parents than HCP (48% compared to 31%, P=0.002). Conclusions: HCP and parents have different perspectives on CAM use in children with cancer. HCP should enhance their CAM knowledge and encourage open communication about CAM with parents. If doctors' skepticism is perceived, parents are unlikely to raise CAM as a topic.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.13-26
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• 1975

Seven aspects of attitude toward marriage in Korea are examined to better understand present and future marriage patterns. Also, various facets of current marriage practice are compared with attitudes. The study comprises three groups of roughly 600 women each, selected by random sampling from a rural, an urban, and a semi-urban area. A carefully designed and pretested questionnaire was checked for reliability by a reinterview in a 15% subsample. The great majority of Korean women support traditional attitudes that one must or should marry. The small group who recommend that one should not marry are mostly the very young or the never married, whose attitudes still may change. However, there are important and probably predictive shifts in favor of more individual decision, especially among the better educated, the young, and the more urban. Traditional reasons for marriage such as "custom" and procreation are ranked first by a majority, but there is a large shift to more contemporary or liberal desire for companionship and love, also primarily among the better educated, the urban, the young, and the never married. The traditional attitude that parents should have the sole or major role in mate selection is still held by a bare majority; the educated, urban, young, and never married are more liberal. Only 6% opt for each of the two extremes: That the parent alone or the respondent alone should decide. The remainder prefer one of the two middle-of-the-road positions where parent and child together decide. The proportions of respondents who classed specified criteria as moat important for selecting a husband, arranging the criteria in order from traditional to contemporary were: Lineage, etc., 23%; personal attributes, 40%; health and education, 27%; and love, 10%. The changing attitudes are suggested by the fact that love was ranked first by only 3% of the poorly educated rural poulation versus 23% of urban college level and 31% of the urban never married. There has been a substantial rise in the ideal age of marriage over the past twelve or more years, but there also is evidence that the ideal age is at or near a ceiling. Knowledge about legal age of marriage is minimal; the implications of this for proposed legislation are discussed. Three-fifthes to four-fifths of all respondents married husbands of the same religious, residential, and economic backgrounds as themselves. Almost all of them married men of the same or higher educational level. These evidences of traditional influences in mate selection are contrasted with the low priority given some of those items in earlier questions on reasons for marriage and criterion for selecting husband. Contrary to the expressed attitudes as to who should select the husband, we find that marriages of the study sample were stated to be arranged by parents alone in 62%; and in another 23%, the parents made the decision but asked the respondent's views. Such arrangements were most frequent among the rural, the less educated, and the older respondents and less common in the urban and more educated. The implications of these and related findings are discussed.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.397-410
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• 2018

Objectives: An association between dietary patterns and mental health in children has been suggested in a series of studies, yet detailed analyses of dietary patterns and their effects on ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are limited. Methods: We included 4569 children who had dietary intake data as part of the CHEER (Children's Health and Environmental Research) study conducted nationwide from 2005 to 2010. We assessed ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) by the DuPaul's ADHD Rating Scales and dietary intake by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using intake data, we constructed five dietary patterns: "Plant foods & fish," "Sweets," "Meat & fish," "Fruits & dairy products," and "Wheat based." Results: The overall proportion of ADHD was 12.3%. Boys (17.8%) showed a higher rate of ADHD than girls (6.5%). The total intake of calories (85 kcal) and plant fat (2g) in the ADHD group was significantly higher than that of the normal group. ADHD was significantly negatively associated with dietary habits such as having breakfast and meal frequency, and positively associated with eating speed, unbalanced diet, overeating, and rice consumption. Regarding dietary patterns, the "Sweets" category was relevant to high ADHD risk (OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.15 for Q5 vs. Q1) in a linear relationship. An inverse, non-linear association was found between "Fruits & dairy products" and ADHD (OR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.76 for Q4 vs. Q1). Conclusions: Our study confirms both positive and negative associations between diet and ADHD in elementary school age children. Moreover, linear or nonlinear associations between diet and ADHD draw attention to the possible threshold role of nutrients. Further studies may consider characteristics of diet in more detail to develop better intervention or management in terms of diet and health.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2020

연구목적 외로움과 수면의 질 저하는 노인에게서 흔히 나타나는 증상이다. 하지만 우리나라에서 노인의 외로움과 수면의 관계에 대해서는 연구된 바는 거의 없다. 본 연구는 독거노인의 외로움과 수면의 질의 연관성을 보고자 하였다. 방 법 본 연구는 천안 지역에 거주하는 독거노인 1,090명을 대상자로 시행되었다., 훈련된 간호사의 면담과 외로움 척도, 피츠버그 수면의 질 지수(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), 인구사회학적 정보, 신체 건강상태(Cumulative illness rating scale, CIRS), 인지기능, 단축형 노인우울척도 등의 자가설문지를 통해 조사하였다. 통계분석은 인구학적 변인과 외로움 척도 간의 관계를 탐색하기 위해 기술적 통계분석을 시행하였으며 외로움과 수면의 질의 연관성을 확인하기 위해 단변량 및 다중회귀분석을 사용하였다. 결 과 외로움군의 평균 PSQI 점수(9.2±4.2)는 정상군(7.3±3.7)에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(student-t test, p<0.001). 성별, 기분장애 및 상관분석에서 유의성을 보인 변수를 통제한 다중회귀분석에서 외로움은 전체 PSQI 총점(standardized β=0.065, p=0.025), 수면방해(standardized β=0.086, p=0.005), 수면제 사용(standardized β=0.065, p=0.034)과 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 결 론 외로움은 수면문제와 연관성을 보였으며 이는 독거노인의 수면의 질 저하에 외로움이 위험요인이 될 수 있음을 의미한다. 독거노인의 외로움을 줄이기 위한 개입은 수면의 질을 호전시키고 신체 및 정신 질환을 줄일 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 독거노인의 외로움을 예방하고 줄일 수 있는 지역사회 기반의 보건복지 정책이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.605-634
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• 2017

본 연구는 성소수자들이 가족에게 커밍아웃 후 경험하는 가족의 반응을 알아보고, 가족의 태도가 성소수자의 정신 건강에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 연구하였다. 가족에게 커밍아웃한 만 19~30세의 남녀 성소수자 12명을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 진행하였으며, 추출된 자료는 합의적 질적 연구방법으로 분석하였다. 커밍아웃에 대한 가족의 태도는 대부분 부정적인 양상으로 거부적 또는 회피적 태도를 보였고, 일부만 수용적 태도를 취하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 성소수자들도 맞대응을 하기도 하고, 설득, 전문가 상담 참여, 포기 및 회피, 또는 가출과 같은 대처 행동을 취하기도 하였다. 가족의 태도가 성소수자에게 미치는 영향은 대부분 분노, 슬픔, 소외감, 우울함, 불안감 및 두려움, 트라우마, 무력감, 자존감 하락, 알코올 의존, 자살생각 및 시도와 같은 부정적인 심리적 영향이었으며, 수용적인 태도를 보인 가족의 경우 성소수자가 안정감을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 참여자들은 사회의 부정적인 태도보다 가족의 부정적 태도에 의해 더 상처를 받는 것으로 보고하였다. 성소수자가 커밍아웃 이후 가족으로부터 어떠한 태도를 경험하고 그들이 느끼는 심리적 어려움은 무엇인지 구체적으로 파악하였으며, 커밍아웃 전후의 과정과 성소수자의 극복방안 등을 심층적으로 보여주었다. 성소수자 개인이나 가족의 상담을 위한 실천적 전략을 마련하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.518-525
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• 2010

현대사회의 다양한 직업 중에서 경찰공무원의 업무는 힘들고 위험한 직업으로 각종 정신적, 신체적, 환경적 스트레스 발생 가능성이 매우 높다. 스트레스에 대한 대처능력은 평상시 건강 행태 및 영양소 섭취 정도에 따라 사회심리적인 스트레스 상황에 유효하게 대처할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전북지역 경찰공무원 166명을 대상으로 경찰공무원의 직무스트레스 정도에 따른 식생활 및 영양섭취와의 관계를 조사하였다. 경찰공무원은 주된 직무스트레스 요인으로는 '직무요구', '조직체계' 및 '직무자율성 결여'이었으며, 95% 이상의 대상자들이 본인이 건강하다고 인식하고 있었다. 전체의 86.1% 정도가 음주를 하고, 42.7% 정도 흡연을 하며, 89.6%가 운동을 지속적으로 하여 한국 성인의 평균과 비교하여 비교적 건강행태가 양호한 것으로 나타났으며, 직무스트레스에 따른 음주, 흡연, 운동 빈도의 차이는 보이지 않았다. 식습관 조사 결과 43% 정도가 아침식사를 하는 것으로 나타났고, 직무스트레스가 적은 집단이 높은 집단에 비해 아침 결식 비율도 낮고(p<0.01), 식사 속도도 양호하며(p<0.05), 간식습관도 양호한 것(p<0.001)으로 조사되었다. 직무스트레스에 따른 맛의 기호도는 스트레스가 높은 집단이 단 음식을 덜 선호하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 직무스트레스 정도에 따라 영양소 섭취정도는 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 스트레스가 높은 집단에서 칼슘 및 비타민 $B_2$ 섭취량이 권장섭취량의 75% 미만으로 매우 불량한 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같이 경찰공무원의 건강관련 행태 분석 결과 경찰공무원은 직업특성 상 일반성인과 비교하여 건강에 대한 인식 및 흡연, 음주, 운동 등의 생활습관은 비교적 양호한 편으로 나타났으나, 부족한 영양소 섭취, 잦은 아침결식과 간식섭취, 빠른 식사 속도 등 식습관 및 영양 섭취 부분에서는 문제점이 확인되었다. 따라서 건강유지와 만성질환의 발병을 예방하기 위하여 경찰공무원 스스로 올바른 식습관을 인식하고 실천을 유도하기 위한 식생활 개선 교육프로그램이 직장 내에서 주기적으로 이루어져야 하겠으며, 또한 직장 차원에서의 직무스트레스 관리도 병행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2004

We carried out a validation-calibration study of the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that we had previously developed for a community-based cohort of the Korean Genome and Health Study of the Korea National Genome Research Institute. We have collected a total of 254 3-day diet records (DRs) from 400 subjects, 200 each randomly selected from the two study cohorts of Ansung and Ansan. FFQ was administered at the time of cohort recruitment in 2001, and DRs were collected during a two month period from January through February of 2002. The mean age was 52.2 years. Farming for men and housewife for women were the most common occupations. The majority of the subjects had undergone 6∼12 years of education. The general characteristics including demographic and other data were not different from the total cohort subjects. Absolute levels of consumed nutrients including total energy (energy), protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, retinol, carotene, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C were compared. The average of energy intake was not significantly different between the data collected by the 2 methods. However, consumptions of protein and fat were higher in data of DRs, whereas that of carbohydrate was higher in FFQ data. Significant correlation of each nutrient consumption between the data sets was observed (p ＜ 0.05) except in the case of iron, while the average correlation coefficient between them was 0.22 ranging from 0.33 for energy to 0.11 for iron. The results of cross classification by quantile for exact classification ranged from 25.2% (carotene) to 35.0% (phosphorus), and from 64.6% (vitamin A) to 76.4% (retinol) for adjacent classification. The proportion of completely opposite classification was 8.1% in average. Calibration slope was estimated by regression and calibration parameters ranged from 0.025 for carotene to 0.423 for niacin. We conclude that the FFQ we have developed is an appropriate tool for assessing the nutrient intakes as ranking exposures in epidemiology studies in view that amounts of consumed nutrients obtained by FFQ were similar to those collected by DRs, that correlations between consumed nutrients collected by these methods were significant, and that classification results were relatively fair. The correlation coefficients, however, were lower than expected, which may be mainly due to the survey season. In fact, any short-term dietary survey cannot accurately reflect the overall dietary intakes that change heavily depending on seasons. Further studies including the analysis of chemical indices would be helpful for the studies of causal relationship between the diet and disease.