• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the nutritional status, health conditions, eating habits and experience and demand for nutrition dietary management of senior citizens. And these data are formed foundation of development of nutrition dietary management education program and contents in welfare facilities for the aged. Methods: We visited 3 public health centers, 3 senior citizens centers, and 4 welfare centers in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungnam province, and Daejeon area and carried out interview by semi-structured questionnaire for senior citizens older than 65 years who use those facilities. Results: The study included 17%, 30.7% and 52.3% of senior citizens from public health centers, seniorcitizen centers and and welfare centers, respectively. The age range of 43.9% of the population was 65-74 years and and 56.1% were older than 75 years. We observed that 83.2% of subjects took some medicines due to diseases that they have and 58.0% took prescription medicines for hypertension. The thing that they considered the most when selecting food was 'the taste'(p<0.05). Regarding the level of practice to keep the dietary life, they answered more than 'average' for most of items but answered less than 'average' for lot of salt intake, drinking, exercise. For the experience of nutrition dietary life education, only 19.8% answered 'Yes' and the service for nutrition dietary life management showed the highest score in the demand for 'provide nutritious food'. For the size of consulting group for nutrition/dietary life education, the public health center and welfare center preferred a larger group size but the senior citizens center preferred a smaller group. With regard to who will carry out the consulting, the demand for dietitian was the highest and the operation type showed the high demand in the order of consulting, education. The contents that they want to have consultation in nutrition dietary life education were diet therapy for diseases and the ordinary diet therapy for health. Conclusions: This study suggested the management of nutrition dietry life necessitates qualitative measures according to the different types of welfare facilities. For these, it is in need of development of counseling and education program included therapy for disease. Above all, the policy to secure dietitian of welfare facilities for the aged to perform these should be achived.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.506-512
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• 2007

This study was conducted to describe the exposure levels of welding fumes by the type of manufacturers, work process, welding type and the size of manufacturers, and to find out the trend of chronological changes of airborne welding fume levels. The subjects of this study were 509 manufacturers, consisting of 11 types of manufacturers, 3 work processes, 7 welding types, in Busan from January, 1997 to December, 2005. Airborne concentration of welding fume was determined by manual of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and the data were analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 for Windows program. The mean concentration of airborne welding fume in all manufacturers was $1.29\;mg/m^3$ (Range: $0.01{\sim}3.00\;mg/m^3)$. The level of welding fume was the highest, as $1.96\;mg/m^3$, for manufactures of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers, which was lower than $5.0\;mg/m^3$ of 8 hr-TWA in Korean permissible exposure limit for welding fume. There was a significant difference in the mean levels of welding fumes by work process, showing the highest in welding workshop ($1.39\;mg/m^3$), followed by pipeline welding workshop ($1.26\;mg/m^3$) and engineering workshop ($1.20\;mg/m^3$). Among welding types, the mean level of welding fume was the highest in the type of $CO_2$ & arc welding, as $1.46\;mg/m^3$, followed by $CO_2$ welding ($1.40\;mg/m^3$), shielded metal arc welding ($1.31\;mg/m^3$), spot welding ($1.27\;mg/m^3$), and so on. The highest mean level of welding fume was $1.58\;mg/m^3$ in work process of pipe line welding workshop for the manufacturers of basic iron and steel, and $2.27\;mg/m^3$ in the type of arc welding for the manufactures building ship and boats. By the size of manufacturers, the mean concentration of welding fume for manufactures in small scale with less than 50 workers was the highest as $1.45\;mg/m^3$ (Range: $0.07{\sim}3.00\;mg/m^3)$. The mean level of welding fume was the highest as $1.39\;mg/m^3$ both in 1997 and in 2005, showing a trend of fluctuating periodically within a range of $1.10{\sim}1.39\;mg/m^3$. The above results suggested that more effective control program for work environment producing welding fumes should be developed and applied since there were significant variations in welding fume levels by the type of manufacturers, work processes, welding types, the size of manufactures, and by year.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.80-92
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• 2015

건설현장 주변지역 주민의 호흡기 증상과 질환 유병률은 대조지역에 비해 높았다. 양적인 결과는 지역의 노출과 질환 상황에 대한 질적인 탐색에 의해 뒷받침되었다. 이는 건설현장 주변 분진이 지역 주민들의 호흡기 관련 증상 및 질환에 영향이 미쳤을 가능성을 시사하는 것이다. 향후 본 연구의 탐색적 결과를 토대로 알레르기 및 호흡기 질환에 대한 추가 조사가 필요하며, 미세먼지 저감 등 환경관리 노력이 강화되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2020

Purpose: This qualitative study was conducted to examine the current status and problems concerning the collection of present on admission (POA) indicators and determine how to use these indicators for evaluating the quality of care and degree of patient safety. Methods: A total of 11 health information managers were divided into two groups according to the size of their hospitals. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted, one for each group, which followed a pre-developed semi-structured guideline. The verbatim transcriptions of the FGDs were analyzed. Results: The majority of participants were concerned about entering POA flags honestly because they did not know how future POA indicators would be used. In particular, for some participants, POA N was a burden that could imply a signal of mismanagement within the medical institution. In addition, the lack of awareness and indifference of physicians regarding POA indicators were some of the difficulties for POA flag entry. Although medical institutions are making efforts to improve the accuracy of POA flagging, many participants mentioned the need to develop real case-oriented POA entry guidelines to improve the accuracy of POA flagging. Conclusion: To increase the validity of POA indicators, it is necessary to increase the level of awareness of POA indicators in physicians and other medical professionals. Furthermore, efforts related to POA indicators by individual medical institutions need to be reflected in the process evaluation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.230-239
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the dietary patterns (DPs) of women during pregnancy. The present study aimed to identify the DPs of pregnant Malaysian women and their associations with socio-demographic, obstetric, and anthropometric characteristics. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 737 participants enrolled in Seremban Cohort Study between 2013 and 2015. Food consumption was assessed using a validated 126-food item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) at four time-points, namely, pre-pregnancy and at each trimester (first, second, and third). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify DPs. RESULTS: Three DPs were identified at each time point and designated DP 1-3 (pre-pregnancy), DP 4-6 (first trimester), DP 7-9 (second trimester) and DP 10-12 (third trimester). DP 1, 4, and 7 appeared to be more prudent diets, characterized by higher intakes of nuts, seeds & legumes, green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, eggs, fruits, and milk & dairy products. DP 2, 5, 8, and 11 had greater loadings of condiments & spices, sugar, spreads & creamer, though DP 2 had additional sweet foods, DP 5 and 8 had additional oils & fats, and DP 11 had additional tea & coffee, respectively. DP 3 and 6 were characterized by high protein (poultry, meat, processed, dairy, eggs, and fish), sugars (mainly as beverages and sweet foods), and energy (bread, cereal & cereal products, rice, noodles & pasta) intakes. DP 9 had additional fruits. However, DP 12 had greater loadings of energy foods (bread, cereal & cereal products, rice, noodles & pasta), sugars (mainly as beverages, and sweet foods), and good protein sources (eggs, nuts, seeds & legumes). Malays were more likely to have lower adherence (LA) for DP 1 and 10 than non-Malays. DP 2, 8, and 11 were more prevalent among Malays than non-Malays. Women with a higher education were more likely to have LA for DP 10, and women with a greater waist circumference at first prenatal visit were more likely to show LA for DP 11. CONCLUSIONS: DPs observed in the present study were substantially different from those reported in Western populations. Information concerning associations between ethnicity, waist circumference and education with specific DPs before and throughout pregnancy could facilitate efforts to promote healthy dietary behavior and the overall health and well-being of pregnant women.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2023

최근 반도체 공정은 대기업을 중심으로 4차산업에 따른 수요 증가로 메모리 반도체에서 파운드리로의 공정변화를 모색하고 있으며 10나노(nm) 공정에서 3 나노(nm)이하 공정으로의 초미세화 공정개발과 같이 산업이 확대되고 있다. 이러한 반도체 칩을 생산하기 위해 사용되는 원료인 특수가스 및 Precursor(전구체) 등의 특성은 유독성, 자연발화성, 인화성, 부식성 물질이다. 이러한 반도체 원료들은 폐쇄시스템으로 운영이 되어 정상 중에는 누출이 되지 않으나 누출 될 경우 가스박스 내부로 확산되고 가스박스 내부에서 적절한 환기가 되지 않는 경우 가스박스 외부로 확산되어 화재, 폭발을 일으키거나 독성 물질의 누출 등 큰 사고로 이어질 수 있다. 최근 반도체 산업에서 원료가 폐쇄시스템으로부터 누출되어 가스박스 내부 및 외부로 확산되는 사고 사례가 발생하고 있으나 가스박스 내부의 적정환기 시스템의 적용 이외에 적절한 예방대책을 제시한 연구 사례를 찾아 볼 수 없었다. 본 연구에서는 반도체 원료 이송배관의 연결부위인 VCR 피팅에서 원료가 누출되어 가스박스 외부로 확산된 사고사례를 바탕으로 이에 대한 예방대책을 제시하고자 한다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.27-54
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• 1996

The purpose of the study was to identify the degree of social support and burden in mothers of children with cancer, and to determine a strategy of an effective social support utility for burden relief in these mothers. The subjects of this study were consisted of mothers of cancer children, registered at a'C'University affiliated hospital in Taejon. The data was collected from July 1 to August 31, 1994. Three instruments were used to collect the data : a semi-structured interview questionnaire which was developed by the researcher was used to identify the content of the mother's burden, a Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) that had a 10cm horizontal line was used to measure the degree of mother's burden and the PRQ part I & part Ⅱ were used to measure the degree of mother's social support. The content of mother's burden collected through in depth interviews was analyzed using content analysis. Also burden and social support data were analyzed by SAS program. The result of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The data on burden content from the interview were categorized as psychological, physiological, family interaction with maternal role, financial burden and personal interaction with social relational burden. 2. The degree of burden measured by VAS had a mean of 8.04(range from 0.5 to 10). 3. The score for social support measured by PRQ part Ⅱ had a mean of 88.9(range from 71 to 113). The highest scores was for reassurance of worth. The lowest score was for opportunity for nuturance. Most of the 15 mothers received the greatest amount of support from their sisters, spouse, friends, neighbors, relations, priest were perceived as eaningful resource person. 4. The correlation coefficient of burden and social support was somewhat negative correlation but no statistical significance(r=-.072). Therefore, a further study is necessary to repeat the qualitative research for exploring factor to be affected family caregiver's burden according to disease proceeding stage. On the basis of the results from this study, future research will be promoted valid and reliable tool development. Through this study, nurses understand and assess the individual psychologic burden and further it would be recommendated to produce professional education program for pediatric oncologic specialist nurse.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4511-4515
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• 2012

Background: In the Middle East, including Iran, breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy among women. Without treatment, a malignant breast tumor advances in stage, diminishing a woman's chances of survival. In this study we aimed to gain insight into the causes of delay in seeking treatment in patients with breast cancer. Methods: The participants in this qualitative, content analysis study were 10 women in whom a diagnosis of breast cancer in the stages of II b, III or IIV had been made. They were selected from patients of a major oncology clinic in Kerman, Iran. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews that lasted between 20 to 30 minutes. Sampling was discontinued when data saturation was achieved. Content analysis was conducted by classifying the data into themes and sub-themes. Results: The results of our study revealed several factors that interfered with patients' professional consultation seeking and prompt treatment. These factors included; lack of knowledge, fear of being diagnosed with cancer, not seeing oneself at risk, mental preoccupation and wrong diagnosis by physicians. Conclusions: This study suggests that women and even physicians need further information about breast cancer symptoms. Women need encouragement to seek medical advice when they encounter suspicious symptoms. Additionally, women may benefit from awareness of the pros of early detection and reassurance about the improvements in the success of breast cancer treatment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 1975

Air pollutants were measured to get useful data in preventing and controlling the pollution at industrial and semi-industrial, commercial, cross-road and residential areas by season in Busan from September 1973 to June 1974. Teated were dustfalls(ton/$km^2$/month)by Deposit Gauge method, sulfuric anhydride(mg $SO_3/day/100cm^2 PbO_2$) by Lead Peroxide candle method. The relations between pollution and metherologlcal factors and source of pollution were discussed, The findings are as follows: 1. The mean value of dustfalls was 24.8 tons rangi~ng from 12.5 tons to 44.5 tons. The highest amount of dustfalls of 29.0 tons was measured in crossroad areas while the 1oeest of 22.7 tons in commercial areas, and Winter the highest of 27.7 tons while in Spring the lowest of 21.2 tons. 2. The mean value of water soluble substances was 31.7 per cent, and seasonal variation of pH was shown as 4.20 in Autumn, 3.85 in Summer and 2.76 in Winter. 3. The mean value of sulfuric anhydride was 1.54mg ranging from 0.197mg to 4.162 mg. The highest concentration of sulfuric anhydride of 2.03mg was detected in cross-road areas while thelowest of 1.23mg in residential areas, and Summer the highest of 2.18mg while in Spring the lowest of 1.09mg(0. 92mg in Nov. 1973) 4. Dustfalls are more with the decreased of relative humidity and precipitation while concentrat:on of sulfuric anhydrides are more with the increased of relative humidity. 5. There is a probability of occuring chronic symptoms(respiratory and others) as the dustfalls with 24.8 tons and sulfuric anhydride with 1.54mg in Busan. According to this, it is the time to discuss monitoring system and systematic preventing methods.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2018

Objectives: Immunization is considered one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions protecting communities from preventable infectious diseases. The Korean government set up a dedicated workforce for national immunization in 2003, and since then has made strides in improving vaccination coverage across the nation. However, some groups remain relatively vulnerable and require intervention, and it is necessary to address unmet needs to prevent outbreaks of communicable diseases. This study was conducted to characterize persistent challenges to vaccination. Methods: The study adopted a qualitative method in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist. Three focus group interviews were conducted with 15 professionals in charge of vaccination-related duties. The interviews were conducted according to a semi-structured guideline, and thematic analysis was carried out. Data saturation was confirmed when the researchers agreed that no more new codes could be found. Results: A total of 4 main topics and 11 subtopics were introduced regarding barriers to vaccination. The main topics were vaccine hesitancy, personal circumstances, lack of information, and misclassification. Among them, vaccine hesitancy was confirmed to be the most significant factor impeding vaccination. It was also found that the factors hindering vaccination had changed over time and disproportionately affected certain groups. Conclusions: The study identified ongoing unmet needs and barriers to vaccination despite the accomplishments of the National Immunization Program. The results have implications for establishing tailored interventions that target context- and group-specific barriers to improve timely and complete vaccination coverage.