• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.369-374
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• 1992

In order to determine the effect of dietary cellulose levels on chick performance, 1-week-old White Leghorn male chicks were fed semi-purified diets containing either 5%, 10%, 15% or 20% cellulose for 3 weeks. All diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. Feed intake and body weight were increased as the cellulose level was increased. Feed conversion was lower in the 5% cellulose diet than in the other diets. Compared to the case of 10% to 20% cellulose diets, relative length (per 100 g body weight) of esophagus, duodenum, small intestine and cecum was longer, and relative weight of esophagus, duodenum and crop was also heavier in the chicks fed the 5% cellulose diet. The other internal organs were not affected by the cellulose level. The retention rates of dry matter and nitrogen were lower in the 5% cellulose group than in the other groups. Concentration of carcass phospholipids was higher in the 5% cellulose group, and that of carcass cholesterol was increased as the cellulose level increased. In conclusion, the dietary cellulose level should be more than 5% to give an adequate chick performance, and no ill effect was found even at 20% level.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1161-1167
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• 2010

This paper presents experimental performance evaluation of a magnetorheological(MR) damper for integrated isolation mount for ultra-precision manufacturing system. The vibration sources of the ultra-precision manufacturing system can be classified as follows: the one is the environmental vibration from the floor and the other is the transient vibration occurred from stage moving. The transient vibration occurred from the stage moving has serious adverse effect to the process because the vibration scale is quite larger than other vibrations. Therefore in this research, a semi-active MR damper, which can control the transient vibration, is adopted. Also the stage needs to be isolated from tiny vibrations from the floor. For this purpose, a dry-frictionless MR damper is required. In order to achieve this goal, a novel type of MR damper is originally designed and manufactured in this work. Subsequently, the damping force characteristics of MR damper are evaluated by simulation and experiment. In addition, the vibration control performance of the MR damper associated with the stage mass is evaluated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.53-58
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• 1998

This paper concentrates on the development of a computational design program to determine nozzle size in water jet, combing the numerical optimization technique with the flow analysis code. To achieve the above objective, a two-dimensional model was developed for investigating the fluid flow in water jet and calculating the velocity and pressure distributions. The mathematical formulation as a standard ${k}-\varepsilon$ model was solved employing a general thermo fluid-mechanics computer program, PHOENICS code, which is based on the Semi-Implicit Method Pressure Linked Equations(SIMPLE) algorithm. The developed code was applied to water jet design to determine the nozzle size, and investigated the effect of the change of nozzle location. Calculated results showed that the flow pattern is not changed as the change of nozzle location.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.52-61
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• 1991

In this paper, the difference of the property of absorption and desorption for five species in semi-steady state are studied. The species used are listed in Table 1 and the dimension of specimen was $8\times8{\times}T$(Tangential direction)cm and tested in various conditions. A change of average moisture content with time were measured in each cycles. The results obtained are summarized as follows. When the relative humidity in air was maximum or minimum, the distribution of moisture In wood of all specimens were illustrated by exponential curves of decrease or increased from lace 10 center of wood. From the consideration of coefficient of decrease(C), the amount of moisture change of spruce was larger than the others. The pheonomenon was considered no relation to the specific gravity in air dry, but the wood structures. The velocity of the absorption and desorption for species decreased in the order spruce(Picea sitchensis) neodobam(Fagus crenata), solsong(Tsuga heterophylla), meranti(Shorea sp.) and kaesoo(Cercidiphyllum japoicum). In case of constant temperature and water vapor pressure is changed. the amount of absorbed moisture was larger than that of constant water vapor pressure and temperature vaned. In this fact, it is considered that the property of sorption of wood is strongly influenced by vapor pressure gradient than temperature gradient.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2004

The purpose of the study was to investigate assisted living residents' perception of foodservice experience using a qualitative approach. A total of 14 residents who lived in assisted living units of a continuing care retirement community participated in interview sessions. The interviews were semi-structured with open-ended questions. The interviews were transcribed and coded to identify themes from the responses. The residents perceived the availability of choices, variety of foods, and service positively, but expressed concerns about food preparation, food quality, and repetitive menus. They were particularly concerned with tough and dry meats. The foodservice department should consider the older residents' ability to chew and their changing taste buds when determining quality of food purchased and preparation methods. The residents considered the service pleasing and described it as satisfactory. They stated that the service staff was friendly but needed more training in proper service techniques. Communication between the foodservice department and the residents was an area to be improved. The foodservice department should increase the residents' involvement in the menu planning and evaluation of the foodservice on a routine basis. Foodservice managers and dietitians working for the older adults can utilize the findings of the study to identify strategies to improve foodservice at their facilities

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2004

The purpose of the study was to investigate assisted living residents' perception of foodservice experience using a qualitative approach. A total of 14 residents who lived in assisted living units of a continuing care retirement community participated in interview sessions. The interviews were semi-structured with open-ended questions. The interviews were transcribed and coded to identify themes from the responses. The residents perceived the availability of choices, variety of foods, and service positively, but expressed concerns about food preparation, food quality, and repetitive menus. They were particularly concerned with tough and dry meats. The foodservice department should consider the older residents' ability to chew and their changing taste buds when determining quality of food purchased and preparation methods. The residents considered the service pleasing and described it as satisfactory. They stated that the service staff was friendly but needed more training in proper service techniques. Communication between the foodservice department and the residents was an area to be improved. The foodservice department should increase the residents' involvement in the menu planning and evaluation of the foodservice on a routine basis. Foodservice managers and dietitians working for the older adults can utilize the findings of the study to identify strategies to improve foodservice at their facilities.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.220-225
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• 2014

A fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) fixed prosthesis is an innovative alternative to a traditional metal restoration, as it is a conservative treatment method. This case report demonstrates a detailed procedure for restoring a missing anterior tooth with an FRC. A 44-year-old woman visited our department with an avulsed tooth that had fallen out on the previous day and was completely dry. This tooth was replanted, but it failed after one year. A semi-direct technique was used to fabricate a FRC fixed partial prosthesis for its replacement. The FRC framework and the pontic were fabricated using a duplicated cast model and nanofilled composite resin. Later on, interproximal contact, tooth shape, and shade were adjusted at chairside. This technique not only enables the clinician to replace a missing tooth immediately after extraction for minimizing esthetic problems, but it also decreases both tooth reduction and cost.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2012

This paper reviewed and evaluated some of the commonly used prediction models for thermal conductivity of soils with the experimental data. Semi-theoretical models for two-component materials were found inappropriate to estimate the thermal conductivity of dry state soils. It came out that the model developed by Cote and Konrad gave the best overall prediction results for unsaturated soils available in the literature. However, it still needs to be improved to cover a wider range of soil types and degrees of saturation. In the present study, parametric analysis is also conducted to investigate the effect of soil type and moisture content on the horizontal ground heat exchanger design. The analysis shows that horizontal ground heat exchanger pipe length is reduced with the increase of soil thermal conductivity and water content. The calculation results also show that horizontal ground heat exchanger size can be reduced to a certain extent by using backfilling material with a higher thermal conductivity of solid particles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Laser Processing Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.37-41
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• 2005

When screen size of the Flat Panel Display (FPD) becomes larger, the traditional photo-lithography using photomasks and UV lamps might not be possible to make patterns on Photo Resist (PR) material due to limitation of the mask size. Though the maskless photo-lithography using UV lasers and scanners had been developed to implement large screen display, it was very slow to apply the process for mass-production systems. The laser exposure system using 405 nm semi-conductor lasers and Digital Micromirror Devices (DMD) has been developed to overcome above-mentioned problems and make more than 100 inches FPD devices. It makes very fine patterns for full HD display and exposes them very fast. The optical engines which contain DMD, Micro Lens Array (MLA) and projection lenses are designed for 10 to 50 ${\mu}m$ bitmap pattern resolutions. The test patterns for LCD and PDP displays are exposed on PR and Dry Film Resists (DFR) which are coated or laminated on some specific substrates and developed. The fabricated edges of the sample patterns are well-defined and the results are satisfied with tight manufacturing requirements.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.700-706
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• 2016

Etch rate, surface roughness and microstructure as plasma resistance were evaluated for six kinds of oxide glass with different compositions. Borosilicate glass (BS) was found to be etched at the highest etch rate and zinc aluminum phosphate glass (ZAP) showed a relatively lower etch rate than borosilicate. On the other hand, the etching rate of calcium aluminosilicate glass (CAS) was measured to be similar to that of sintered alumina while yttrium aluminosilicate glass (YAS) showed the lowest etch rate. Such different etch rates by mixture plasma as a function of glass compositions was dependent on whether or not fluoride compounds were formed on glass and sublimated in high vacuum. Especially, in view that $CaF_2$ and $YF_3$ with high sublimation points were formed on the surface of CAS and YAS glasses, both CAS and YAS glasses were considered to be a good candidate for protective coating materials on the damaged polycrystalline ceramics parts in semi-conductor and display processes.