• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.14-28
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze consumer experience with Digestive Enzymes, a digestive enzyme product that includes medicinal herbs (Multi-Zyme^®). The goal was to provide basic data on improvements and marketability of future digestive enzyme products containing medicinal herbs. Methods: Qualitative research was conducted to explore the current participants' experience. In-depth interviews with a semi-structured interview guide were conducted to investigate the experience and perception of the participants. The participants were recruited using snowball sampling and purposive sampling, and a qualitative content analysis method was adopted. Credibility was ensured by adopting a member check, triangulation, and peer debriefing method. Results: In-depth interviews were completed with a total of 8 participants. The collected data were classified into 16 codes and then further divided into the following seven categories: direct buying, indirect buying, effects, questions, recommendations, positive perception, and negative perception. The categories were grouped into three themes: 'Experience of purchasing existing health foods', 'Experience of taking Multi-Zyme', and 'Opinions on selling Multi-Zyme at Korean medicine clinics'. Conclusion: The participants experienced effect of the Multi-Zyme^® and were willing to recommend it around. However, the Korean medicine doctors need to inform consumers about the dose and duration when taking Multi-Zyme^® to prevent abuse. Some consumers may trust Multi-Zyme^® sales from Korean medicine clinics, but some held opinions that those sales were not trustworthy, so promotion and improvement are needed.

• CELLMED
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.7.1-7.7
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• 2016

In view of greater attention given to the incidence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) in women of reproductive age, particularly in urban and semi-urban population in India, research works in both the regimens of orthodox and complementary and alternative medicines have been rejuvenated in recent years. We report here relative efficacy of two potentized homeopathic remedies, Calcarea carbonica (Calc) and Lycopodium clavatum (Lyco) used traditionally for the removal of ovarian cysts. These drugs are most frequently used based on guiding symptoms of individual patients. Effects of either of these remedies on its ability of removing cysts, along with amelioration of certain other hormones and hormone-related parameters of PCOS, such as follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, Estradiol, Testosterone (Free/Total), Dehydroepiandosterone, Prolactine, Progesterone (17- Hydroxyprogesterone), TSH including T₃, T₄, and Insulin were studied. The Insulin-related parameters like changes in fasting or postprandial glucose levels were also studied. The mentioned hormones play some- direct or indirect roles in causing irregular menstrual cycle and PCOS. The data collected at three fixation time points, namely, at 6, 12, and 18 months were considered. Results showed that out of 40 patients initially having PCOS, cysts were totally removed in 21 patients along with amelioration of other relevant symptoms. Both Calc and Lyco had amelioration of similar nature. Results of this study therefore validate safe and effective use of both Calc and Lyco in homeopathy, to patients with basic guiding symptoms for either drug, and can be recommended for patients with PCOS as they do not have any reported side-effects.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.861-868
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• 2017

Near band infrared imaging technique has adopted for imaging EL2 and shallow level distributions in undoped semi-insulating LEC GaAs. This technique, which relies on the mapping of near bandgap infrared transmission, is both rapid and non-destructive. Until now no quantitative analysis has been reported for near band edge region which gives the reverse contrast on EL2 absorption images. This paper presents the spectral, spatial and temperature dependence of photoquenching forward and inverse mechanism in the band edge domain for cells and walls and for direct and inverted contrast conditions during transitory regimes. The difference in the threshold for the EL2w and EL2b defects could be attributed to the contribution of a different electrical assistance due to a different species of impurities. Quantitative analysis results show an increased density of EL2w and a small reduction of EL2b in the region of the walls where there is a high density of dislocations.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2000

The elongation of mesocotyl and coleoptile plays important roles in the seedling emergence and stand establishment of dry direct-seeded rice. Experiments were carried out to elucidate the effects of seed-presoaking treatments of GA$_3$ and some inorganic salts on the mesocotyl, and coleoptile elongation of rice. Seed-soaked GA$_3$ promoted the elongation of mesocotyl, but little effect on the coleoptile elongation. The stimulation effects of GA$_3$ were found to be enhanced by addition of CaCl$_2$ However, the sole treatment of CaCl$_2$ showed no stimulating effect on the mesocotyl and coleoptile elongation. Mesocotyl elongation was most prominent in the combined treatments of 50ppm GA$_3$ with 100 mM CaCl$_2$. The synergistic effects of GA$_3$ and CaCl$_2$ on mesocotyl elongation varied with varietal groups. The stimulating effects of GA$_3$ were enhanced significantly by the addition of CaCl$_2$ in japonica varieties, Dongjinbyeo, Ilpumbyeo and Milyang 95, and tall indica variety, Labelle, but not in semidwarf Tongil type varieties, Tongilbyeo, Milyang 23, and Nampungbyeo, and semi-dwarf indica, Short Labelle. The promoting effects of GA$_3$ on the mesocotyl elongation were decreased in proportion to the lowered osmotic potential by PEG 6000 on the contrary to CaCl$_2$ This implies that the synergistic effects of CaCl$_2$ with GA$_3$ on mesocotyl elongation was not caused by osmotic potential lowered by CaCl$_2$ addition but by the salt itself. Salts such as Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$, MgCl$_2$ BaCl$_2$, NaCl, KCl and KNO$_3$ showed the synergistic effects with GA$_3$ on mesocotyl elongation as well. The degree of synergistic effects showed no differences among salts tested, implying that there is no specificity of ions constituting the salts.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.73-81
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• 2016

A self-regulating heating cable is an electrical heating element by flowing an electric current between parallel conductors filled with an extruded semi-conductive polymer. Self-regulating heating cables are used mainly for frost protection purposes because the construction is convenient and the price is low. On the other hand, structural problems with imperfections of the insulation can cause a fire despite their usefulness. This paper deduced a direct method to derive the cause by investigating the scene of a fire due to a self-regulating heating cable and analyzed the basic problem using fault tree analysis. In this paper, the actual fire scene was a cold storage warehouse, and fire investigation was conducted. After investigating the fire scene and fault tree analysis, the cause of the fire could be attributed to dielectric breakdown of the self-regulating heating cable. This paper could be utilized in the fire safety activities and similar fire investigations.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.4 no.1_2
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• pp.39-45
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• 1974

According to previous paper, the hardness of semi-solid as ointments and suppositories causes the tough or skin, the pain and connected with absorption, the state of spread or the efficiency of drug. When the hardening agent or the softening agent is added to ointment whid, is registered on the pharmacopeia of the republic of Korea, the experimertal data by apparent logarithmic hardness are shown is Table 1. The results are as the folloring. 1) In case of the softening agent which is added to ointment base, each has shown two different equation with differnented slope as $K_1$ and $K_2$ value determined (Fig. 1,2). 2) When the hardening agent is added to same ointment base, these studies indicated that there is a direct correlation between $K_1$ and $K_2$. However, in case of softening agent $K_1$ and $K_1$ are not correlated as indicated in Fig. $3{\sim}8$. 3) On condition of same ointment base, the critical poit is proportional to $K_1$ 4) The second effect is at least $3{\sim}17$ times more. sensitive than the first effect or in average 8.3 times more sensitive, Therefore, the results presented in this paper. Suggest that, when the drug is added to a certain ointment base, it should be added within this first effect before the critical point is reached.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2010

Functional regulation of a specific tissue or organ is controlled by a number of ways, including local cell-cell interaction. Of several forms of cell-cell junctional complexes, gap junctions are caught a great attention due to a formation of direct linkage between neighboring cells. Gap junctions are consisted of connexin (Cx) isoforms. In the present study, we evaluated expressional profiling of Cx isoforms in the rat initial segment (IS) of the male reproductive tract at different postnatal ages. The presence and expression of 13 Cx isoform mRNAs were determined by semi-quantitative real-time PCR analyses. A total of 8 Cx isoform mRNAs were detected in the IS of the male rats during postnatal development. The highest level of Cx30.3 mRNA was found at 5 months of age, while abundance of Cx31 mRNA was the highest at 1 year of age. Expression of Cx31.1 gene was relatively consistent during the postnatal development. Fluctuation of Cx32 and 37 gene expression was observed during the postnatal period. Significant elevation of Cx40 mRNA abundance was detected at 25 days of age and older ages. Expression patterns of Cx43 and 45 genes were similar with the highest level at 2 weeks of age, followed by gradual decreases at older ages. These results indicate differential regulation on expression of Cx isoforms in the rat IS during postnatal development. A complicated regulation of gene expression of Cx isoforms in the IS at different postnatal ages is suggested.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2006

Platelets are anucleate cytoplasmic fragments derived from bone marrow megakaryocytes, and endothelial cells constitute the barrier between bloodstream and adjacent tissues. Although platelets are thought to regulate the biological functions of endothelial cells, the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. With human umbilical vein endothelial cells and freshly isolated platelets, we established an in vitro model of platelet-induced endothelial cell proliferation. Platelets stimulated endothelial cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and transwell experiments with semi-permeable membranes suggested that direct cell-to-cell contacts were required. We developed mAbs against platelets and selected a mAb that blocks their proliferative effect. We purified the antigen by immunoprecipitation and identified it by Q-TOF MS analysis as the tetraspanin CD9. Since both platelets and endothelial cells expressed CD9 strongly on their surfaces we carried out a pre-treatment experiment that showed that CD9 molecules on the endothelial cells participate in the mitogenic effect of the platelets. The inhibitory effect of our mAb was comparable to that of a well-known functional anti-CD9 mAb. These results suggest that the tetraspanin CD9 plays an important role in endothelial regeneration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.875-880
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• 2007

Scientific challenges in the field of MR(magnetorheological) fluids and devices consist in the development of MR devices, the mathematical modeling and simulation of MR devices, and the development of (optimal) control algorithm for MR device systems. To take a maximum advantage of MR fluids in control applications a reliable mathematical model, which predicts their nonlinear characteristics, is needed. A inverse model of the MR device is required to calculate current(or voltage) input of MR damper, which generates required damping force. In this paper, we implemented test a bench for shear mode rotary MR damper and laboratory tests were performed to study the characteristics of the prototype shear-mode rotary MR damper. The direct identification and inverse dynamics modeling for shear mode rotary MR dampers using multi-layer neural networks are studied.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.605-625
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• 2012

This study examined how 132 teachers of different grade levels incorporate the key competencies identified by Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation into their mathematics teaching and how they perceive of its full potential of the competency-based learning and teaching in mathematics classroom. Survey and semi-structured interview methods were used to collect data for the study. It was found that in their instruction teachers emphasized competencies such as problem-solving, literacy, creativity, communication and information-processing skills in order. Inter-personal skills, self-management, citizenship, global understanding and career-development appeared to be challenging competencies for teachers to reflect in their instruction with the reasons such as no direct connections to mathematics and insufficient instruction. Findings of the study suggest that various instructional methods, development and dissemination of related curricula materials, change of evaluation method, and change teachers' perceptions may be needed for incorporating KICE's key competencies in K-12 mathematics education.