• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.472-480
• /
• 2005

Purpose: Purpose of this study was to identify the effects on maternal role strain, maternal role confidence and maternal identity of a maternal role promotion program for mothers of premature infants. Method: A quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-and-post test was used to compare the two groups. The data were collected from 62 mothers from September 10. 2003 to August 30, 2004 at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU) located in S. city and K. city. The maternal role promotion program was provided three times during the period from two-three days after the baby's admission to 1 month after the baby's discharge. The instruments for measurement were the Perceived Role Difficulty & Steffensmeier Scale, Self Confidence Scale and Semantic Differential Scale. Data were analyzed by means of frequency, mean and SD, $x^2$-test and t-test. Results: There were significant differences in maternal role strain level between the experimental and control group (t=2.163, p=.035), in the maternal role confidence between the two groups(t=-5.645, p=.000) and in maternal identity between the two groups(t=-4.923, p=.000). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the maternal role promotion program had positive effects in decreasing maternal role strain levels and increasing maternal role confidence and maternal identity.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2006

This study assessed the visual performance of luminous environment by the lightshelf. The subject survey method was used and results are presented and analyzed. The lightshelf daylighting system was developed by LAEL at KH University and was applied on the window of a mock-up office. The questionnaire for assessing visual performance contains 9 questions with 7 grade bipolar scales. The experiment was conducted during the bright part of the day from noon to one thirty on June 7, 2006. The questionnaire for assessing visual performance contains 9 questions with 7 grade bipolar scales. During the experiment was carrying out, the work plane illuminance and luminous distribution at surrounding the windows was measured. The semantic differential rating data of experiment were analyzed by t-test and factor analysis using SPSS 12.0 statistics package. The visual performance of the lightshelf was more positive. The factors affecting the visual performance are task performance and visual comfort. The subjects were more comfortable in a room installed with lightshelves on both the task performance and the visual comfort aspect. Therefore, the application of sloped lightshelf daylighting system improves visual performance of luminous environment.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.241-248
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine the preference according to the domestic fashion company use the character image of the inside and outside of the country, the recognition for the importance of the character by examining the purchasing behavior of high school girls and college women as the major consumer in the character fashion commodity (in the center of the clothe and accessory), and the aid for the self-development and the licensing of the character in the future. This study targeted 491 high school girls and college women in Daegu and Kyung-pook area. The character preference according to the character image applied the fashion commodity was used the scale of seven point modified the S D (Semantic Differential) method for Kim, Chun-Ae's image measure. The followings are the conclusions of this study; Both the group of high school girls and the group of college women almost represented the similar reaction result for the images of 9 characters. For the preference of the group of high school girls and the group of college women for 9 character, for characters Tweety, Bugs Bunny, the group of college women represented more preference than the group of high school girls. However, for characters of Hello Kitty, Pazama sister's and Dalki, the group of high school girls represented more preference than the group of college women.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 2000

The main purpose of this study is to obtain spatial image information toward forest thinning process in Larix forest stands. Thirteen different alternatives were simulated to visualize on the basis of actual thinning work photos. The options were illustrated as photos produced by photoshop program. Each alternatives were evaluated by forest visitor group with total 244 respondents after reliability test. Spatial images of 13 thinning photos were measured by 12 semantic differential scale as broad -narrow, ordered-tangled, friendly-unfriendly, monotonous-divers, dry-refreshing, relieved -stifling, healthy-sickly, uniform-scattered, dead-alive, opened-closed, bent-straight, and beautiful-ugly. In comparison with thinning stands and natural stands, thinning works were visual improvement effects of spatial images. Seemingly, this trend is due to definite form beauty, straight and clear length form of coniferous forest, As can be expected, slash and downwood were negatively related to improvement effects of spatial images. The 60% ratio of stem/ tree height and 450-950 trees/ha was positive in attraction of spatial images. Results indicate how to conduct forest thinning system for spatial images on Larix forest stands.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.28-40
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was (1) to identify the experimental bias which could appear person perception as results of development methods (2) to find out the most desirable method in developments of stimulus. The research was a quasi experiment and the subjects were 358 male and female undergraduate students by convenient sampling. The experimental instruments consisted of a set of stimulus and semantic differential scales of 7-point bi-polar adjectives. The collected data were analyzed by Principle Component Analysis, ANOVA(analysis of variance), Scheffe's multiple range test. The independent variables were developing methods of stimulus(live person, photography of real person, 2 kinds of black and white line drawing, 2 kinds of color drawing). The results were as follows. First, five factors which were potency, sociality, appearance, evaluation, activity impressional dimensions emerged to account for the methods of development of stimulus. Second, the methods of development of stimulus had significant effects on potency, sociality, appearance, activity factors. In sociality factors, the impression of photographic stimulus was the closest to the live person's impression. However in the appearance and activity impressions, significant difference existed between live person and other developing stimulus. In the potency impression, black and white line-drawing gave the highest impressional bias. In the sociability and appearance impressions, color-drawing stimulus gave the highest impressional bias. Result: On conclusion the developments of stimulus can effect on stimulus person's impressions and these effects can produce experimental biases, the photographic stimulus gave the least impressional bias. The study shows that photography of real person will produce minimize measurement error.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of odor intensity on the olfactory sensibility and sensibility structure. Three odor samples(B, C, and D) of T&T olfactometer were selected by the preference rank : the lowest preference(C) ; the moderate one(B) ; and the highest one(D). Three levels(-1, +1, and +3) of odor intensity at each sample were presented to 50 subjects(25 female, 25 male), and the olfactory sensibility was rated by using semantic differential scale composed 25 sensibility characteristics. At each sample, the olfactory sensibility was significantly affected by the odor intensity. Moreover, the structure of olfactory sensibility was influenced by the odor intensity. However, two sensibility factors such as 'aesthetics' and 'intensity' were common factors, whereas 'mildness', 'complexity', and 'activity' were unique factors with odor intensity. In conclusion, the olfactory sensibility was significantly affected by the odor intensity and the odor preference.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.22-30
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study examined caregiver trainees' knowledge and attitude toward the elderly. Method: This descriptive study was conducted with a convenient sample of 119 trainees in a long-term caregiver education program at one university. Following completion of a self-reported questionnaire, knowledge and attitude were measured using FAQ1(Palmore, 1998) and a 20-item semantic differential scale(Sanders et al., 1984). The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis by SPSS version 12.0. Results: The mean score of respondents' knowledge and attitude toward the elderly was $13.51{\pm}2.77$ out of 25 and $81.71{\pm}20.10$ out of 100, respectively. Caregiver trainees' education level and age influenced their knowledge and attitude, respectively, toward the elderly. Conclusion: Caregiver training for the elderly should involve a well-designed education program and continuous teaching that takes into account trainee education and age.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2012

This study investigated that grasped the present state of high-rise apartment on Urban Street color, through the color image estimation effect of primary factor on color image preference. The range of study were high-rise apartment on Urban Street color of land for housing, Sangmu, Woonnam, Shinchang, Pungam, Ilgok, Moonheung district. The method of study put out a model of reference after photography a spot colorimeter BIB test. And the data analyzing was factor analysis, multi regression through Semantic Differential Method, questionnaire. The result of study, the present state of color was used predominate, support color is YR, Y, and stress color is YR, R. Predominate color showed distribution of high luminosity, low freshness and assistance, stress color is middle luminosity, low freshness. And effects of primary factor on color image preference were 'unification', 'comfortableness', 'sophistication'. The result of this study showed that need high luminosity color for comfortableness to improve of high-rise apartment on Urban Street color, harmony of color, harmony of vertical horizontality color scheme pattern, consult square rate of stress color.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
• /
• 한국조경학회 2007년도 Journal of Landscape Architecture in Asia Vol.3
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2007

Civic participation in managing the work of a park is a natural experience, and urban culture has a role in forming and communicating ideas. However, when it comes to managing a copse, there is no clear scenic image. In this study, my intention was to determine a desirable scene involving a copse and suggest a target image for managing work from a scenic perspective. I selected 12 photographs and listed 10 pairs of adjectives that were judged to reflect the effect produced by the copse scene using the repertory grid development technique. In addition, I performed a scenic evaluation using the semantic differential(SD) method with each pair of adjectives. Factor analysis was performed based on questionnaire survey results, such that the scenic structure of the copse had a clear definition. In addition, the physical characteristics of the photographs were analyzed using Adobe Photoshop 6.0 and the correlations between the results of the questionnaire survey were understood using multiple regression analysis. A desirable scenic image of the copse became clear through this process and I was able to suggest various options of scenic images. Taking the aspects of urban culture into consideration, park improvement projects(including their planning stages) should be implemented by involving residents, which will lead to further development of park planning and maintenance theories and projects giving due consideration to residents' opinions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
• /
• 한국조경학회 2007년도 Journal of Landscape Architecture in Asia Vol.3
• /
• pp.214-219
• /
• 2007

Psychological and physiological effects of plants were studied by investigating human responses while observing plants. Eighteen healthy adult male(aged between $19{\sim}25$ years) participated in this study. Semantic differential method(SD method) and multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) were used to survey verbal and non-verbal response, respectively. Cerebral hemodynamics as a new evaluation index of brain activity was recorded for right brain hemisphere where visual information is mainly delivered. Thirty seconds of cerebral blood flow in forty seven channels were calculated when watching five types of picture images with different rates of hedge against gray block wall; 0:10, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, 10:0. In the SD results, similar evaluations were found in all subjects. However, the change of cerebral hemodynamics as a non-verbal response varied among subjects. Largely two patterns of hemodynamics change were found with increasing plants rate in picture images; group A showed significant decreases of blood flow volume in many cortical regions, Group B had significant increase of blood flow volume in the occipital region for the scenes seen comparatively more plant. Our findings on the cerebral hemodynamics may indicate that there are two patterns of brain activity during observation of plants; group A in which brain areas associated with visual information and thinking work simultaneously to the visual stimuli; group B in which brain areas associated only with visual information work.