• Health Policy and Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.70-83
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between socio-economic factors and self-rated health among older people living in the community. In addition, the study tries to determine whether risk differentials by these socio-economic factors can be explained by other demographic factors, chronic diseases, and functional status. We surveyed to investigate the self-rated health of 397 study samples which had been selected by stratified randomized sampling, $2.7\%$ by each Dong (district) of S-city in Gyeonggi-do. Our study found that the socioeconomic factors such as income, occupation, and insurance were significantly associated with self-rated health. The level of social economic status was positively associated with the level of self-rated health. Two-staged multivariate analysis demonstrated that this relationship was still significant even after adjustment for demographic factors, chronic diseases, and functional status. In conclusion, there are wide socio-economic disparities in self-rated health of older people in this community. It is important that government should know not only health status but also the health-associated factors in order to prepare for the aged society and improve the health status of the elderly. Further researches should uncover causality and mechanism by which SES affects changes in functional health among the elderly.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.505-512
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• 2020

Background: In monitoring exposure to environmental smoke (ETS), biomarkers can overcome the subjectivity and inaccuracy of self-reporting measurements, and have the advantage of reflecting ETS exposure in all places. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ETS exposure measurement using biomarkers such as urine cotinine. Methods: This study used the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey data from 2009 to 2018. A total of 28,574 non-smokers with urine cotinine data were selected for the study. The cotinine concentration and ETS exposure rate using urine cotinine was estimated and then compared with the self-reporting measurements. The degree of agreement among measurements of ETS exposure was confirmed. Results: As a result of measuring ETS exposure with urine cotinine, 23,594 (83.8%) out of 28,574 subjects were classified as to exposure groups. This estimate differs significantly from measurements made by self-reporting. In addition, the average concentration of cotinine in non-smokers has decreased to a 10th level over the past 10 years. Based on the biomarker, the sensitivity of the self-reporting was 8.5%-29.0%, the specificity was 16.4%-19.5%, and the kappa value was 2.0%-5.8%. Conclusion: The findings of our study show that self-reporting measurement does not well reflect the extent to which non-smoker's exposure to smoking materials. Whereas cotinine concentration has decreased significantly over the past 10 years, the ETS exposure rate has not reduced. It strongly suggests the need for intervention in the group of non-smokers exposed to low concentrations of smoke. Therefore, an assessment using biomarkers such as cotinine-based measurement should be made in the Health Plan 2030.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.107-121
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• 1992

Moonlighting or second-jobs will increase shirking of the primary job. This paper analyzes the motives for moonlighting so that the means of reducing these motives could be explored. The traditional theory claims that a worker who cannot fully realize his work potential will look to moonlighting. In a two-period model, however, the following motives are more important. The precautionary savings motive : A worker has an incentive to save for fear of losing his job and his income in the second period. The worker could save more by working more during the first period, and this additional motive for working is the precautionary savings motive. The insurance motive : When a worker is unemployed, he cannot expand his moonlighting hours according to his needs since the moonlighting hour is upward rigid. Therefore, a worker has an incentive to secure additional moonlighting hours in the first period so that quick adjustment can be made during the unemployment in the second period. Two policy measures to remove those motives for moonlighting are recommended, for these measures will enhance the productivity in the primary job. First, a firm should guarantee that there will be no layoffs in a downturn in the economy and that the employment level is adjusted to the economic states by work sharing among workers. Second, as unemployment insurance benefits compensate a portion of the income in case of unemployment, it substitutes the motives for moonlighting. A generalization of this argument can be found in Ehrlich and Becker(1972) where self-insurance(moonlighting) and market insurance(in this case, unemployment insurance) serves as substitutes. The two policy measures in the above have a spill-over effect : A decrease of labor supply in the moonlighting market will ease job search, and therefore will help those who have their primary job in the moonlighting sector.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.77-86
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• 2018

Purpose - In the insurance distribution channel, the salespeople plays a role of representing the company, and recognizes the needs of the customers and plays a role in responding to them. Therefore, their turnover can have a great influence on the company performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship between salespeople's personal - environmental fit and organizational commitment and turnover intention. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collection was conducted a self-filling questionnaire for salespeople for about one month from July 24, 2017 to August 30, 2017. The subjects of the questionnaire were the insurance salespeople who work in the sales line such as K life, S fire. A total of 450 copies were distributed and 432 copies of the questionnaire were used for final analysis. The analysis program used SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs. Analysis method was Frequency Analysis, Reliability & Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Correlation Analysis and Structural Equation Model(SEM). Results - As a result of Hypothesis 1, Person-Supervisor Fit had significant influence only on Continuance Commitment. Person-Job Fit did not have a significant effect on Organizational Commitment. Person-Coworker Fit had a significant effect on Continuance Commitment and Affective Commitment. Person-Organization Fit had a significant impact on Affective Commitment. Therefore, only , , , , were adopted. As a result of Hypothesis 2, Continuance Commitment had a significant effect on turnover intention. Therefore, only was adopted. Conclusions - This study suggests that it is necessary to manage the human resources in the sales field through studies related to salespeople's extension of the research scope and salespeople's turnover intention. Based on the results of this study, the conclusion suggests some implications for the efficient human resources management of insurance companies in sales channels. It is expected that it will be helpful for the salespeople to find out what kind of Person-Environment Fit affects the organizational commitment and how to manage the organizational commitment among the three dimensions of organizational commitment to reduce turnover intention.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 2015

The aim of the study was to investigate the affecting factors on National Health Insurance coverage dental scaling experience. The self-reported survey for the adults living in Seoul, Gyeonggi province and Incheon had been progressed from February 10, 2014, to February 28, 2014, after receiving informed consents. And the 238 survey results had been analysed as the data of this study. The data analysis such as frequency analysis, ${\chi}^2$-test, and multi-logistic regression (p<0.05) for all collected survey data had been processed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 20.0. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, regular dental check-up (odds ratio [OR], 2.63; confidence interval [CI], 1.05~6.59) and dental scaling experience (OR, 3.06; CI, 1.09~8.54), monthly income (OR, 3.55; CI, 1.01~12.56) were the factors having statistically significant influence. Therefore, in order to increase of National health insurance dental scaling experience, it is necessary to increase awareness of the new dental scaling system through the promotion and oral health education about national health insurance dental scaling, and to emphasize the importance of dental Scaling by regular dental check-up.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.241-250
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• 2022

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with increased 'untact' services and with unstable household economy, the bike insurance fraud is expected to surge. Moreover, the fraud methodology gets complicated. However, the fraud detection model for bike insurance is absent. we deal with the issue of skewed class distribution and reflect the criterion of fraud detection expert. We utilize a balanced random-forest algorithm to develop an efficient bike insurance fraud detection model. As a result, while the predictive performance of balanced random-forest model is superior than it of non-balanced model. There is no significant difference between the variables used by the experts and the confirmatory models. The important variables to detect frauds are turned out to be age and gender of driver, correspondence between insured and driver, the amount of self-repairing claim, and the amount of bodily injury liability.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2006

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine the effects of the Cooperative Clinical Nursing Education Program on the competency and satisfaction of nursing students in clinical practice. Method: The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a convenience sample of 107 nursing students who were at one College of Nursing located in Seoul. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Nursing students participated in the program reported higher nursing skills and total satisfaction than control group after completing education program. Conclusion: Cooperative clinical nursing education program for nursing students had positive effects on nursing skills and satisfaction of clinical practice.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.294-302
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to compare the level of parenting stress, entrapment, satisfaction of paternal support, and marital satisfaction between employed and non-employed mothers and to identify significant predictors for parenting stress. Methods: With a cross-sectional, correlational study design, a sample of study was consisted of 175 women who were employed or non-employed with preschool children through convenience sampling. Data were collected with a structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed by $x^2$-test, t-test, Pearson's coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS program. Results: Results shows that the level of parenting stress of non-employed mothers was significant higher than that of employed mother. The parenting stress was negatively correlated to marital satisfaction and positively correlated to entrapment in both of them. Entrapment was significant predictors explaining parenting stress in both of them and level of maternal education and satisfaction of paternal support and was significant predictors explaining parenting stress of non-employed mothers. Conclusion: Entrapment was very important factors to management parenting stress of both employed and non-employed mothers. Especially, satisfaction of paternal support and marital satisfaction was very important factor to manage parenting stress of mothers.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.314-324
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the related factors according to gender in baby boomers by using Korea Health Panel Data 2012. Methods: The Korea Health Panel Data 2012 were collected from February to August 2012 by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and National Health Insurance Corporation and the data of 1,802 respondents categorized as baby boomers were analyzed for this study. The data were analyzed by t-test, ${\chi}^2$ and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: For male, the influencing factors on HRQOL were economic activity and smoking. For female, the influencing factors on HRQOL were education, psychological and physical stress, unmet basic needs, and psychiatric drugs. The types of insurance, unmet medical needs, anxiety about the future, depression, and self-rated health status showed statistically significant relationships with HRQOL both for male and female. Conclusion: Health care providers are suggested to consider the founded gender differences in this study when they develop interventions for HRQOL improvement for baby boomers in a community.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.144-152
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• 2016

Purpose: This study compares beneficiaries of Korean Medicaid with those under the National Health Insurance program, seeking to understand how each group utilizes their healthcare. Methods: Data were obtained from a Health Promotion Survey in 2005. Health status was measured by the respondents' perception of health. Health service utilization included the availability of healthcare services, the type of healthcare institution, and intent to revisit. Predisposing and enabling factors, as well as health care needs were used for this study. Results: Compared to National Health Insurance beneficiaries, Medicaid beneficiaries reported lower levels of health status and fewer enabling factors. They had more chronic diseases and disabilities. Education level, existence of chronic diseases, exercise patterns, and disabilities were associated with health status. Conclusion: We found that Medicaid beneficiaries had fewer resources and higher levels of health needs. As Medicaid is reformed, policy makers and administrators should understand healthcare utilization behaviors of Medicaid beneficiaries and the factors hindering access to care.