• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.5-25
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• 1991

This study was conducted from July to December 1990, in order to diagnose nurses' educational need for home care. The study subjects consisted of 145 nursing educators, and the 3 groups of nurses, namely 250 senior nursing students of diploma and collegiate program, 235 health center nurses, 521 university' hospital nurses in Seoul. Four types of questionaires were formulated by Delphi method. Two questionaires for the nursing educators were designed to measure their expectations of nurses' knowledge and of their skill for home care, and another two questionaires for the nurses to measure their actual home care knowledge and skill. The results of the study were as follows : 1) The mean scores of educators' expectation for home care knowledge were 17.68 for the care of dependence on medical equipment, 17.44 for the care of mobility impairment patient, 16.56 for the care of cardiopulmonary impairment patient, 16.40 for the care of nutrition and elimination impairment patient, '1.20 for the care of psychiatric disorder patient and 9.03 for the care of cancer and terminally ill patient,. 2) The mean scores of nurses' home care knowledge tested by 20 items were 14.36 for the care of mobility impairment patient, 13.28 for the c8;re of dependence on medical equipment, 13.78 for the care of cardiopulmonary impairment patient, 12.92 for the care of nutrition and elimination impairment patient, and those of tested by 10 items were 7.08 for the care of psychologic disorder patient, 7.80 for the care of cancer and terminally ill patient. The sum of means marked 69.23. As for the nurses' home care knowledge categorized by tasks in terms of the group, significant difference were shown in the care of mobility impairment(P=0.00), cancer and terminally ill(P=0.03), nutrition and elimination impairment(P=0.00) and psychologic disorder patient(P=0.00). No significant difference were shown in the care of dependence on medical equipment and cardiopulmonary impairment patient. 3) Regard to educational need of nurses' home care knowledge categorized by task according to the group it was found that all sampled nurses had educational need in the care of mobility impairment, dependence on medical equipment, cardiopulmonary impairment, cancer and terminally ill patient. It was found that health center nurses had educational need in the care of psychologic disorder. No educational need were found in the health center nurses whose career less than 2 years, in the care of mobility impairment, cardiopulmonary impairment and psychologic disorder patient, and in those of career with 2-5 year in the care of psychologic disorder patient. No educational need were found in the hospital nurses whose career more than 15 years, in the care of cardiopulmonary impairment patient and in those of career with 11-15 year, in the care of cancer and terminally ill patient. 4) The mean scores of educators' expectation for home care skill measured by Likert 5 points scale were 4. 21 for assessing, 4.49 for planning, 4.29 for basic care, 4.42 for curative care, 4.40 for rehabilitative care, 4.36 for emergency care, 4.53 for medication, 4.31 for nutritional care, 4.32 for other means for care, and 4.38 for evaluation. 5) Regard to nurses' home care skill measured by Likert 5 points scale of self evaluation, there was a significant difference between the nurses' home care skill and group(P=0.00l). The higher scores reported by students were vital sign checking and basic care while the scores of below medium were curative care and emergency care. The higher scores reported by health center nurses were vital sign checking, other means for care and care of specimen while the scores below medium were curative, emergency and nutritional care. The higher scores reported by hospital nurses were vital sign checking, care of specimen and basic care, while the score below medium was emergency care. 6) Regard to educational need of nurses' home care skill by nursing process activity according to the group it was found that health center nurses had educational need in all nursing skills including vital sign checking, care of specimen, health assessment, socioeconomic assessment, nursing diagnosis, care plan, basic care, curative care, rehabiitative care, psychological care, emergency care, medication, nutritional care, other means for care and evaluation. And students had educational need in all nursing skills except vital sign checking, and hospital nurses had educational need in all nursing skills except vital sign checking, care of specimen and basic care. 7) In short, the result of this study suggests that the curriculum should be organized in accordence with nurses' educational background and their career for the education of nurses for home care. It should be considered to develop the short term educational program focused on curative and rehabilitative care for health center nurse or community health nurse practitioner and which was focused on family care for hospital nurse. Concerning about this field practice for home care nurse, they are required not only community practice but also . clinical practice including emergency, curative and rehabilitative care.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 1999

To investigate the status of farmers health management for health promotion, and for checking the effect of village health care center during 1 year, 746 subjects were selected with cluster method in 8 provinces of Korea. The most frequent group was 40th of age (39%) : elementary school graduates (32%) The self-conscious of health status tested with CMI (Cornell Medical Index) questionnaire, the subjects in the village of health care center had lower health status than those of conventional village. The farmers living in the village with health care center had longer agricultural work (p＜0.05) and more frequency of spraying pesticides in the fields. The subjects of living the village of health care center were frequently exercise (34%) with health appliance use methods (30%), but the duration time of exercise was similar, Dietary habits and agricultural work condition were similar between two groups. For the fatigue recovery, steeping and bathing were most favorite methods, but exercise was lowest. It was significantly different between 2 groups the fatigue recovering methods, the subjects of village with health care center were more doing exercise (p＜0.01), less sleeping (p＜0.01) than those of conventional village. The working condition of self-estimated of farmers was not good, only 8.7% was thought pleasant condition. Of the various health factors, exercise, nutrition, and working situation would be more important. Considering on farmers exercise, it was very weak point for health management. The foundation and leading of the Farmers health care center was encouraged to farmers. For more effective operations, the experts education, easy and funny exercise program, and health promotion committee for administrators would be needed. The better systemic and continuous exercise programs should develop for associating livelihood. Funding for this project provided by the ministry of health and welfare of Korea.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 2000

This study aims to provide the fundamental data for substantial nursing intervention in the elderly through a comparative appreciation on family support, self-esteem, and health status between the institutionalized elderly people and the home-staying ones. The subjects of this study are the institutionalized 108 elderly people of E and C Public Homes and the home-staying 109 elderly ones of O-Nho In Jeong(a kind of public recreational facilities for the aged) over the age of 65. The instruments for this research are based upon the tool(11 items, 5 points for each) for measuring family support developed by Choi, Young Hee(1984), a self-esteem scale done by Rosenberg (1965), the tools(20 items) for checking the health status of the elderly done by Lee, Young-Ja(1989). The sampling for this study has been carried on from July, 2000 until November, 2000. Questionnaire data were drawn up by personal interviews. The analyses of collected data are based on general characteristics calculated at the rate of 100 percentage to the average, t-test, ANOVA(some difference on a level with p<.05 being subsequently confirmed by DMR) for family support, self-esteem and health status, and Pearson Correlation to verify the hypothetical correlation among the subjects' family support, self-esteem and health status. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The difference between two groups in the light of family support, self-esteem and health status. (1) Family support - The rate of the family support that the institutionalized elderly people perceive turned out to be 22.13, that of the home-staying ones 30.99. (2) Self-esteem - The rate of the self-esteem that the former perceives proved to be 25.59, that of the latter 32.28. (3) Health Status - The rate of the health status that the former perceives turned out to be 39.67, that of the latter 51.60. 2. Family support, self-esteem, health status in terms of demographic characteristic (1) Family support - The group of institutionalized elderly people shows a tendency to be chiefly influenced by the death or life of the spouse and the number of the children; the group of the home staying ones to be chiefly influenced by the educational level (2) Self-esteem - The group of institutionalized elderly people shows a tendency to be chiefly influenced by educational level; the group of the home staying ones to be chiefly influenced by the amount of pocket money, the pocket money provider and the family main supporter. (3) Health Status - The group of institutionalized elderly people shows a tendency to be chiefly influenced by educational level; the group of the home staying ones to be chiefly influenced by age, the death or life of spouse, religion, and the educational level. 3. Correlation among family support, self-esteem, and health status The rate of correlation between family support and health status proved to be the highest (r=.549). After came the rate of correlation between health status and self-esteem, which turned out to be(r=.506). The last came the rate of correlation between family support and self-esteem, which proved to be(r=.406). According to this study, there is a conspicuously close correlation among family support, self-esteem, and health status for the elderly. Thus, it would be indispensable to seek out a variety of nursing intervention ways how the elderly could promote family support, self-esteem, and health status.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.231-245
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• 2008

Various methods for detecting changes in response behaviors of indicator specimens are presented for monitoring effects of toxic treatments. The movement patterns of individuals are quantitatively characterized by statistical (i.e., ANOVA, multivariate analysis) and computational (i.e., fractal dimension, Fourier transform) methods. Extraction of information in complex behavioral data is further illustrated by techniques in ecological informatics. Multi-Layer Perceptron and Self-Organizing Map are applied for detection and patterning of response behaviors of indicator specimens. The recent techniques of Wavelet analysis and line detection by Recurrent Self-Organizing Map are additionally discussed as an efficient tool for checking time-series movement data. Behavioral monitoring could be established as new methodology in integrative ecological assessment, tilling the gap between large-scale (e.g., community structure) and small-scale (e.g., molecular response) measurements.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.4 s.44
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• pp.541-550
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• 1993

In order to investigate psychological and behavioral characteristics of homosexuals and to present evidence that homosexuals are in danger of HIV infection in Korea, this study was done by self-administered questionnaire and then direct interview with the 28 (35%) HIV infected homosexual/bisexuals of 79 HIV infected persons reported in 1992. Homosexuals without heterosexual activity were 9 and the others were bisexuals. Sixty-five percent of respondents had a guilty conscience for their homosexual activty. Twenty (71%) were in twenties and 5 (18%) in thirties. Twelve(43%) were detected via health card checking by health office, 21% by blood donation, 18% by hospital visit, and 7% by partner notification. Motivations for homosexual activity were curiosity (36%), temptation or recommendation (14%) and compulsion (11%). Eighteen (72%) never used condom on anal sex. Nine of 26 respondents had experience for anal sex with foreigners. Fourteen (54%) of 26 respondents had history for sexually transmitted diseases. Fighty percent did not have sexual contact after HIV infection and the others usually used condom. It was confirmed that over 57% of the respondents were infected within 1 year before HIV diagnosis and over 82% within 2 years. These data suggest that HTV infection among homosexual group is rapidly spreading.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1037-1048
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• 2010

Objectives : The awareness of health care need increasing attention from the public along with changing professional human-resources activity. As there are increasing social demand for the roles and professionalism of dental hygienists, the purpose of this study was to examine the job performance, creativity and organizational climate of dental hygienists by their own self-diagnostic evaluation in an attempt to help enhance their work ability. Methods : According to the data released as August 2008 by the Dental Association and public health centers in Gwangju, 735 dental hygienists worked at 425 dental clinics. The subjects in this study were 156 dental hygienists at 85 dental clinics who were selected by proportionate sampling method from among the dental hygienists. After an interview survey was conducted in person, the answer sheets from 132 respondents were analyzed except 24 incomplete ones. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of 49 items. A five-point Likert scale was used and SPSS 12.0 program was analyzed the data. Results : 1. As a result of checking the types of works, treatment cooperation(54%), and oral health education often(45%), They weren't responsible for preventive treatment(42%). 2. When they made a self-diagnostic evaluation of creativity and organizational climate, they put the highest value on their autonomy(2.21), followed by positive attitude(2.10). Out of seven organizational climate, challenging spirits(2.81) ranked highest, followed by reliability(2.66). 3. Major management eopmubyeol individual creativity compared with three business relationships and a positive attitude in the case of the high group received oral health education and care management services in a group doing the most was General office work and office assistance work in the medical assistance group that was doing business primarily. 4. In the relationship between self-assesment score and three performance duties, Positive difference was noted in the group with positive attitude and elevated autonomy in terms of performing oral health education. Conclusions : As a result, individual creativity and organization of the atmosphere, each detail, through analysis of the self-assessment model, developed guide on the investigation by doing a dental hygienist, a unique business promotion and Enlargement of the study suggested the need to be considered is.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2010

Special-shape arch bridge for self-balance (SBSSAB) in Zhongshan City is a kind of new fashioned spatial combined arch bridge composed of inclined steel arch ribs, curved steel box girder and inclined suspenders, and the mechanical behavior of the SBSSAB is particularly complicated. The SBSSAB is aesthetic in appearance, and design of the SBSSAB is artful and particular. In order to roundly investigate the mechanical behavior of the SBSSAB, 3-D finite element models for spatial member and shell were established to analyze the mechanical properties of the SBSSAB using ANSYS. Finite element analyses were conducted under several main loading cases, moreover deformation and strain values for control section of the SBSSAB under several main loading cases were proposed. To ensure the safety and rationality for optimal design of the SBSSAB and also to verify the reliability of its design and calculation theories, the 1/10 scale model tests were carried out. The measured results include the load checking calculation, lane loading and crowd load, and dead load. A good agreement is achieved between the experimental and analytical results. Both experimental and analytical results have shown that the SBSSAB is in the elastic state under the planned test loads, which indicates that the SBSSAB has an adequate load-capacity. The calibrated finite-element model that reflects the as-built conditions can be used as a baseline for health monitoring and future maintenance of the SBSSAB.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the cognition-perception factors and oral health promotion behavior of dental hygiene and non-dental hygiene students in an effort to find out factors affecting their oral health promotion behavior. After a survey was conducted, the collected data were analyzed. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. In regard to cognition-perception factors of oral health, the dental hygiene students were ahead of the others in self-efficacy, control of oral health and benefits of oral health behavior. The latter felt there were more barriers to their oral health behavior than the former. 2. As to the practice of oral health promotion behavior, that behavior was more prevailing among the dental hygiene students than the others. Both groups restrained themselves from liquor and cigarettes. 3. Concerning the correlation between oral health promotion behavior and related variables, self-efficacy and control of oral health had a significant correlation to oral health promotion behavior. Better self-efficacy and better control of oral health led to better oral health promotion behavior and better practice of its subfactors 1, 2 and 3. 4. As a result of checking the variables affecting oral health promotion behavior and the subfactors of the variables, self-efficacy had the largest impact on factor 1, factor 2, factor 3 and oral health promotion behavior, and factor 2 was under the greatest influence of control of oral health. Based on above-mentioned findings, self-efficacy was identified as the cognition-perception factor that had the largest impact on oral health behavior. Therefore how to boost self-efficacy should be considered when oral health promotion programs are developed, and research efforts should be channeled into finding out in which way self-efficacy could be bolstered in association with each kind of oral health promotion behavior.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.173-186
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• 1998

In this study, both the literary survey as well as empirical research has been executed to test the validity of the scales that measure the construct of self-monitoring scale could not be classified into five factors as Snyder suggested. Many other scholars (Briggs, Cheek and Buss, 1980) suggested 3 different classifications which was accepted by Snyder and Gangestad (1986). John, Cheek and Klohnen (1996) claimed a two-factor classification. As has been discussed, factor analysis is used to prove convergent validity within the factor and discriminant validity between the factors. However, depending on the researchers, many variations in classification of the factors were found and a lack of content and discriminant validity was found in the previous research findings. It is also important to note that Snyder's self-monitoring scale, did not factor-load at over 30 for all 25 items, regardless of how many factors could be classified. According to findings of this study, the self-monitoring scale neither classified as five, three or two factors nor factor loaded as hypothesized. It is also clear that Snyder's self-monitoring scale lack convergent validity as the sub-factors of the scale fail to prove its uni-dimensionality. The A self-monitoring scale not only fail to overcome the problems of Snyder's self-monitoring scale but even lost the attractiveness of the self-monitoring scale. In this study, it was also found that the A self-monitoring scale was not classified as hypothesized in either in a two or three-factor classification. It is, of course, not desirable to use any scale that lacks convergent and discriminant validity even though it has been widely used but also has held a great deal of influence on the field of social psychology. To overcome the shortcomings of Snyder's self-monitoring scale, Lennox and Wolfe(1984) suggested 13 items. This study 1. was dedicated to test the validity and reliability of the scale, in which we found that the data presented in validity as the two factors were classified and loaded as expected. Reliability was also proven by checking Cronbach's alpha for each factor and for the total items. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis was executed for the 13 items using LISREL 8.12 program to confirm convergent validity in a two-factor classification. The model was fitting and sound ; however, the self-monitoring scale was unfitted and not validated. Thus, it is recommended to use not the original or the abbreviated self-monitoring scale but the 13 items in future studies. It should also be noted that items 7 and 13 should be removed to obtain better uni-dimensionality for the 13 items. These items loaded at over .30, too high for the two factors in the test results of factor analysis. In addition, it is necessary to double-check the cause of two-hold loading at over .30 for the two factors. It could be a problem caused by data or by the scale itself. Therefore, additional studies should follow to better clarify this matter.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.229-244
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to do surveys of the state of health and dental health behaviors of higher grade students in elementary school and their mothers, to investigate the relationship of students' dental health, and to apply those results to the systematic and efficient dental health care. The subjects were totally 618 people, including 309 elementary school students in 4th, 5th, or 6th grades and their mothers in Pusan. The questionnaires were used as instruments, which were made by the researcher and related with other preceeding studies. The content validity of the instruments was tested by two professors of nursing. Dental checking were conducted by an expert of dental sanitation, according to the standard of the World Health Organization. The period of collecting data was 20 months from October 20th to December 20th in 2000 and the collected data were analyzed by SAS program and classified as the real number, the percentage, the mean, the standard deviation, t-test, and F-test. In conclusion, there is no significant correlation between grades and treated or treatment-needed permanent teeth. There is the highest significant correlation between treated or treatment-needed permanent teeth and students' dental health behaviors. There is high significant correlation between mothers' dental health behaviors and students' dental health behaviors. Also, There is significant correlation between mothers' state of dental health and students' state of dental health. From the results of this study, the students' dental health behaviors are the most important variables in the students' state of dental health. But both boys(9.48) and girls(9.97) get the low marks on the total mark 15 about brushing, which can be self-controlled. Therefore, the developments of dental health guidance in education about dental health by mothers or the educational courses in schools, such as brushing educations by the experts, dental health education, brushing after lunch, or the various equipments in brushing, should be accomplished. Above all, behavior-centered education should be conducted instead of knowledge-centered education.