• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.638-651
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• 2022

Last year, a new perception of the right to peace on the Korean Peninsula was adopted: DMZ Yanggu Peace Declaration 2021. The Declaration reflects that there is a raising of necessity for a new perception and approach from the perspective of DMZ-related laws, sustainable ecological environment and security. Gangwon is making considerable efforts to make the border area in DMZ as an area of peace by continuously enhancing publicity on the establishment of the 'Peace Special Self-Governing Province'. This study suggests the necessity of a paradigm shift towards the significance of the interkorean border region that it should function as a passage between the South and the North rather than a dam. For, to be renewed as a sustainably developing region through newly constructed flow of communication, the wall of hostility must preliminarily fall dawn. Then a question arises about how Gangwon is, out of other border region, most eligible for the reconsideration of its significance as a border area. The answer relies on the newly established agenda and understandings towards the right to peace in the perspective of founding the policy for the Unification of the Korean Peninsula. Furthermore, the conservation of DMZ ecological environment through enlistment of UNESCO Biosphere Reserve should go hand in hand with the ultimate value of global agenda of the conservation and protection of the environment. The study insists that the peace zone is a prerequisite for the adaption of the era of future-oriented glocalization featured by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Up to this date, the border area was an area of pain and agony. It is time for Gangwon to be reborn as an area of peace and coexistence. The aim of this study is to point a direction for Gangwon to become a sustainably developing region by illuminating the value of the Gangwon border area as a new area of peace.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.189-197
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• 2008

The present study purposed to assert the necessity of cultural property disaster control through analyzing the fire of the Sungnyemun and to suggest directions for the development of cultural property disaster control in the future. For these purposes, we reviewed literature such as research papers and books on cultural property disaster control, and presented problems in current cultural property disaster control and solutions for the problems through case study of the fire of the Sungnyemun. In a word, the fire of the Sungnyemun is a representative case showing difficulty in disaster prevention activities for wooden cultural properties. Accordingly, we need to recognize the necessity of cultural property disaster control and to prepare measures. For this, first, it is essential to reinforce preventive systems against cultural property disasters. Second, early actions should be taken in consideration of the characteristics of each cultural property. Third, for cultural property disaster control, it is important to maintain cooperative relations among the Cultural Properties Administration, National Emergency Management Agency, and relevant local self.governing bodies. Lastly, standards for cultural property fire protection systems should be tightened by improving related laws, and institutional bases should be intensified through preparing grounds for aggravated punishment for crimes against cultural properties such as arsons.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.36-47
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the present problems relating to the legislation and execution of adornment of buildings in the provinces, and to explore ways to improve the role and function of adornment of buildings in terms of public art. In order to do that, the related national law and enforcement decree and the local regulations and rules were analysed. In addition the catalogues on the adornments of buildings that are managed by 31 cities and counties of Gyeonggi-Province were also compared and analysed. As a result of our survey, it has been determined that the reform of the adornments of buildings must be executed on the national and local levels. On the local level, the revision of regulations must occur simultaneously with the changes of national law and enforcement decrees. In many local self-governing bodies, there are quite a lot of discrepancies between their regulations and the upper law. Therefore, people can be confused regarding the sensitive problems such as the types of buildings that are required to display adornments and the proportion of the cost to the construction cost. In addition the effects of the improvements to national laws are often delayed. For example, the updated national law requires committee members to be appointed on the basis of merit, the announcement of the deliberation results, and the establishment of provisions regarding the management of existing structures. Unfortunately, improvements to the national law are not followed through on a local level. Concerning national legislation, the following improvements are necessary to minimize these problems. First, the western concept of‘public art’must be imported to Korea and applied to future legislation regarding adornment of buildings. Second, the perception of the purpose of adornment of buildings must be changed from‘art promotion’to‘improvement of the urban environment’Third, it is impractical to require private citizens to fund public worts of In. Korea requires an organized federal funding system for the commission of public art, which is to be controlled by committee. Finally, the definition of public artwork must be enlarged to include a more broad range of art, such as landscape architecture. In addition, continuing care of existing public worts of art must be managed systematically and strengthened.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 2011

1. Objectives: This study reviews the general theory on Li-Qi (理-氣) found in Dongmu Lee Jema (東武 李濟馬) and Nosa Gi Jeongjin (蘆沙 奇正鎭)'s works and explores the associations between their philosophical systems. 2. Methods: The main ideas on Predisposition (氣稟論) found in Dongmu's works were explored in connection with the Li-Qi (理-氣) theory and compared with the perspectives suggested by Nosa. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) Nosa criticized the "weakened supervision of Li (理)" and the "separation of Li (理) and Qi (氣)", proposing that this problem can be overcome through "mutual embracement of Li and its manifestations (理分圓融 理分相涵)". 2) When Dongmu's theory on Predisposition (氣稟論) is interpreted in terms of Li-Qi (理-氣), the Seong-Li (laws governing the organ scheme) (性理(臟理)) represents the Li (理) while the formational variations in organ scheme(臟局短長) and and the level of self-cultivation (心地淸濁) represents the Qi (氣). 3) The concept of "Diversification of Li (理之異)", bearing similarities to Nosa's Li-Qi (理-氣) theory, was introduced for the first time in Dongmu's theory on Predisposition (氣稟論), which presumably built the fundamental theories in the Sasang Constitutional Typology. 4) Within Dongmu's theory of Predisposition (氣稟論) can be found a dichotomous division of "similitude between the morally unaccomplished and the morally accomplished" in the ontological plane and "dissimilitude between the morally unaccomplished and the morally accomplished" in the axiological plane; this dichotomy is more extensive and developed compared to Nosa's attempt to find a consistent logic in both the ontological and axiological plane through a Li-Qi (理-氣) structure with Li-predominance.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.355-401
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• 2013

The first legislation for terminal health-care decision was California's Natural Death Act (NDA) of 1976 that permitted any adult person to execute a directive directing the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining procedures. Advance directive legislation has subsequently progressed on a state-by-state basis. By 1992, all 50 states, as well as the District of Columbia, had passed legislation to legalize some form of advance directive. This state legislation, however, has resulted in an often fragmented, incomplete, and sometimes inconsistent set of rules. Statutes enacted within a state often conflict and conflicts between statutes of different states are common. In an increasingly mobile society where an advance health-care directive given in one state must frequently be implemented in another, there is a need for greater uniformity. In 1993, the Uniform Law Commissioners approved the Uniform Health-Care Decisions Act (UHCDA) in order to bring order to the existing chaos. Unfortunately, the Commissioners waited too long to act. By the time the UHCDA was approved, nearly all states had passed legislation governing advance directives. Consequently, the UHCDA has achieved only a limited success, picking up but one or two enactments a year. The UHCDA is currently in effect in around 10 states: Alabama, Alaska, California, Delaware, Hawaii, Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, New Mexico, Tennessee, Wyoming. In these states the previous laws related to the subjects have been all repealed. The overall objective of the UHCDA is to encourage the making and enforcement of advance health care directives including living will or individual instruction, power of health-care attorney and to provide a means for making health care decisions for those who have failed to plan. The U. S. House of Representatives in 1991 enacted the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA). The Act stipulates that all hospitals receiving Medicaid or Medicare reimbursement must ascertain whether patients have or wish to have advance directives. The Patient Self- Determination Act does not create or legalize advance directives; rather it validates their existence in each of the states. Now in America, terminal health-care decision or advance directive for health care is common and universal system. The problem, however, is how to let more people use these good tools to make their lives more beautiful and honorable.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.8 s.210
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• pp.141-159
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the current state of wife abuse in Seosan and the relationships between wife abuse and the related variables. A total of 132 couples took part in this study. All couples live in Seosan city, range in age from their 20s to 50s and each couple has at least one child. Stratification sampling method was used to select the couples. They were asked to complete self-report questionnaires. Subjects completed a Korean version of the self- esteem scale, marital conflict scale, communication style scale, family history of violence scale, alcohol dringking, and wife abuse scale. In order to examine the current state of wife abuse, such as, frequency, mean, standard deviation and paired t-test, t-test were calculated and analyzed. Next, to identify differences in wife abuse between the upper group and the lower group, t-test was peformed. Finally, to investigate the relative influences of independent variables upon wife-abuse, multiple regression analysis was peformed. All these analyses were conducted using SPSS 10.0 program. The results were as follows; 1) In terms of the current state of wife abuse, there are three main observations. First, $23\%$ of respondents answered that they had beat their spouse or been beaten by their spouse before and after their marriage. Second, compared with physical violence($2{\~}16\%$), other types of violence such as verbal($7{\~}4\%$), emotional($41{\~}64\%$), economical($3{\~}29\%$) and sexual violence($4{\~}38\%$) were reported to occur more often in these relationships. Third, following the abuse most wives tend to tolerate the situation instead of taking an active action like reporting the abuse to police. 2) As for the husbands, subjects that drank a high level of alcohol, blaming and super-reasonable communication style, and family history of violence reported more frequent cases of wife abuse. As for the wives, subjects with high levels of self-esteem, irrelevant communication style, marital conflict, and family history of violence reported having more cases of that abuse. 3) In the case of husbands, alcohol, communication style and family history of violence explained $40\%$ of wife abuse. In the case of wives, marital conflict and family history of violence explained $77\%$ of their experiences with abuse. This study makes the contribution to aims to develop education programs and family therapy relevant to prevent wife abuse and to reconsider the existing laws governing domestic violence in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2021

Article 117, Paragraph 1 of the 「Constitution」 states that "Local governments may enact provisions relating to local autonomy, within the limit of Acts and subordinate statutes". It restricts the enactment of effective self-government laws. The fundamental problem-solving is securing the right to self-governing legislation through constitutional amendment. Therefore, it must be revised to "Local governments can make regulations on self-government to the extent that they handle resident welfare affairs in accordance with the subsidiarity and do not violate the law." In the long-term perspective, the current education council problem, which is contrary to the constitution, has to be revived as a constitutional independent education committee system, and the voting agency and the executive agency must go together and education councilors must have about 10 years of experience in education and education administration. The current superintendent's election system is of great significance in establishing democratic legitimacy by ensuring residents' right to vote and securing a superintendent's representation of residents. It hasn't been long since the system was implemented, but there are some side effects and it is argued that the election system should be replaced by the appointment by the head of the local government, the running mate system or the joint registration system. However it is thought that it is necessary to minimize and supplement the side effects rather than fixing the system as it violates the Constitution of the local education autonomy system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.645-652
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• 2008

The interest on the marine leisure sports is rapidly increasing with the advent of the five-day week and with increments of GNP. The self-governing bodies are trying to drag large investments into the marine leisures industry through international exhibitions and yacht rallies. Unfortunately, the demands in the domestic area don't increase differently from those demand patterns in the advanced countries. In this study, several suggestions for vitalizations on the marine leisure industry are made after surveying the recognition degree of the domestic people on the marine leisures and the current states of their spending on the marine leisures. As results, it has been shown that the policies based upon negative factors coming from negative understandings on the leisure activities should be largely revised. Further, it seems that the policies for the preparations of the laws and the regulations for the marine leisures as well as for the R&D policies should be taken systematically so that the infra structures are constructed while improving the negative understandings on the leisures. The fundamental databases investigated in this study will help the policy makers and the investors reduce the risks of the policy and the investments in the field of marine leisure sports.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.129-161
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• 2017

Korea's entertainment industry laid its foundation in the early 2000s when global popularity of South Korean soap operas increased in Japan. K-pop has been recently leading the popularity in China. However, many Korean entertainment businesses are dying out. This study reviews factors influencing business survival for 42 chosen corporations listed in the Korea Stock Exchange based on organizational ecology. When all of the variables are analyzed at the same time, long period of public offering and high wages and global sales ratio positively affect business survival. When the individual variables are separately analyzed, long period of public offering and CEO incumbency and high wages and global sales ratio positively affect business survival. Meanwhile, size of businesses do not affect the survival. The results of this study imply that policies to help businesses list an entertainment corporation in the Korea Stock Exchange, increase sales and reciprocity with other culture are needed. Laws and institutions for evaluating intangible asset value should be improved. The results also suggest that a corporation should carefully consider change of CEO and make the best use of the popularity of Korean culture to increase global sales and pay competitive wages to attract professionals.