• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.782-798
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• 2016

This paper discusses the European Union's smart specialization strategy and US manufacturing renaissance policy and then proposes new directions for regional industrial policy in Korea. The smart specialization strategy is summarized as the entrepreneurial self-discovery and strategic coordination; the manufacturing renaissance policy as the construction of industrial commons based on ecosystem; and Korea's regional industrial policy as the build-up of regional innovation system based upon industrial clusters. The policy cases of the EU and the United States demonstrate the fact that regional industrial policy should be geographically embedded. Also, they show the relevance of policy mix by linking industrial policy with innovation policy for cross-fertilization between different industry and technology. In addition, the state plays a role as a coordinator and mediator by embedding the democratic discipline into industrial ecosystems. Considering these points, regional industrial policy should be transformed into a platform system that can facilitate linkage between industry and technology.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.448-458
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• 2020

T-DNA insertional mutations in Arabidopsis genes have conferred huge benefits to the research community, greatly facilitating gene function analyses. However, the insertion process can cause chromosomal rearrangements. Here, we show an example of a likely rearrangement following T-DNA insertion in the Anti-Silencing Function 1B (ASF1B) gene locus on Arabidopsis chromosome 5, so that the phenotype was not relevant to the gene of interest, ASF1B. ASF1 is a histone H3/H4 chaperone involved in chromatin remodeling in the sporophyte and during reproduction. Plants that were homozygous for mutant alleles asf1a or asf1b were developmentally normal. However, following self-fertilization of double heterozygotes (ASF1A/asf1a ASF1B/asf1b, hereafter AaBb), defects were visible in both male and female gametes. Half of the AaBb and aaBb ovules displayed arrested embryo sacs with functional megaspore identity. Similarly, half of the AaBb and aaBb pollen grains showed centromere defects, resulting in pollen abortion at the bi-cellular stage of the male gametophyte. However, inheritance of the mutant allele in a given gamete did not solely determine the abortion phenotype. Introducing functional ASF1B failed to rescue the AaBb- and aaBb-mediated abortion, suggesting that heterozygosity in the ASF1B gene causes gametophytic defects, rather than the loss of ASF1. The presence of reproductive defects in heterozygous mutants but not in homozygotes, and the characteristic all-or-nothing pollen viability within tetrads, were both indicative of commonly-observed T-DNA-mediated translocation activity for this allele. Our observations reinforce the importance of complementation tests in assigning gene function using reverse genetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 1998

This study was conducted to develop a resistant tobarro against Potato virus Y (PVY) by transformation of the plants with genetically engineered viral genes. The complimentary DNAs (cDNAS) of potato virus Y-necrosis strain (PVY-Vn) replicase mutant genes (3'-deleted, 5'-deleted and ADD-mutant Nlbs) were synthesized through RT-PCR by using purified PVY-VN RNA and synthesized primers, and cloned in the sense orientation into a plant expression vector (pMBPI), The cDNAS of the genes were transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404, and then transformed into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Burley 21) plants. Regenerated plants were tested for PVY resistance by inoculation test; 13 transgenic plants including 7 for 3'-deleted Nlb, 3 for 5'-deleted Nlb, and 3 for ADD-mutant Nlb appeared to be resistant at 4 weeks after inoculation with PVY-VN. Among the 13 transgenic tobacco plants, 8 plants had no symptom up to 14 weeks after inoculation. The progenies ($T_1$) from self-fertilization of the transgenic lines varied 0.0% to 81.2% in their resistance (% of resistant plants). The analysis of Nlb-31deleted, -5'deleted and -ADD mutant in the $T_1$ plants by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that Nlb-3'deleted, -5'deleted and -ADD mutants were detected in all of the resistant plants. These results suggest that the PVY resistance was inherited in the $T_1$ generation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.145-167
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• 1999

Our self-sufficiency of food has become less than $30{\%}$ and our nation is highly dependant on world's grain market for food. which is unstable in long term due to the world population growth faster than food production. Therefore, it is a great possibility that food might become a political weapon by way of its global shortage. its purchasing difficulty in international free trade market. and the resultant price rising. Our maximal capability of food production has become the most outstanding problem in the dimension of future food security. It would be the utmost scheme for maximal production of food to realize the maximal utilization of arable land through the enlargement of sufficient farming land and the conversion of rotation system for the more grain production. Extensional enlargement of arable land can be positively executed through the development of farming land in domestic and abroad countries. The readjustment of arable land and the installation or irrigation and drainage system can enforce the farming basement for maximal utilization of arable land through the improved rotation between paddy and upland. The prevention policy against farming land encroachment should be strictly executed through grain production encouragement on resting or marginal lands and regulation of utilization conversion for the other than food production on high grade farming lands. It is also required urgently to develope high yielding and high quality varieties through advanced genetic technology for the improvement of unit area yield, especially of wheat, corn. and soybean we import in large quantity The maximal utilization of arable land for the highest production of food can be realized through rational rotation system, the most adaptable crop cultivation on the suitable land, and the most optimal fertilization through the GIS analysis of agricultural environment information on the basis of the computerized soil resource data on super detailed soil maps(1:5000) surveyed plot by plot of whole nation.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2008

Genetic diversity of cultivated wheat is narrowing down and is increasingly becoming non-complacent in tackling new pathogenic races and adverse environmental situations. Wild relatives of wheat are rich repositories of beneficial genes that are capable of defying adverse situations. However, these wild species are not readily crossable with cultivated ones. The present study attempted to cross three wild wheat species as females with three cultivated species of varying ploidy to understand the intricate behaviour of hybrids in relation to cytology, morphology, and molecular recombination. Post-fertilization barriers caused hybrid recovery in wild species in contrast to cultivated species. Triticum monococcum did not produce hybrids in any of the crosses. Various degrees of chromosome anomalies and hybrid sterility were seen with hybrids of T. timopheevi and T. sphaerococcum. Cytoplasmic factors were suspected to add more to the abnormality. G genome from T. timopheevi could enhance more pairing between Band D of cultivated species. Precocity of certain chromosomes in laggard formation was evident, pointing towards evolutionary self balance of the genomes which prevented homeologous pairing. They are eliminated in hybrids. Molecular diversity clearly corroborated with genetic proximity of the species, which distinguished themselves by maintaining the genome homeology.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1477-1481
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• 2007

The mating systems of natural populations of Vicia tetrasperm in Korea were determined using allozyme analysis. The result suggests that V. tetrasperm is low rates of outcrossing or mix-mating outcrossing (self-fertilization, s < 0.5). At the population levels, the values of inbreeding coefficient of ten populations in Korea varied from 0.131 to 0.176, giving an average 0.154. For ten natural populations, multi-locus estimates of outcrossing (tm) was 0.333 across fifteen polymorphic loci, with individual population values ranging from 0.269 to 0.423. The differences between the tm and ts values were not close to zero (tm - ts > 0.154), indicating that biparental inbreeding was significant in the loci. The reason for relatively low outcrossing rates of some populations could be attributed to extensive consanguineous mating and isolation of flowering mature plants. Although heterozygote excess was observed in one natural population, most populations exhibited varying degrees of inbreeding and heterozygotes deficit. Thus, selection against homozygotes operated in the progeny populations throughout the life cycle.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.582-597
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to translate the Infertility Stigma Scale (ISS) into Korean and to evaluate its reliability and validity in the Korean context. Methods: Data were collected from 350 women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF). Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 25.0 and AMOS 22.0. Content validity was analyzed using the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index/averaging (S-CVI/Ave). The preliminary survey was conducted on 20 women who had experienced IVF at least once to check the level of understanding of the tool and the time required to fill out the questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test construct validity. Additionally, hypothesis-testing construct validity were tested. Cronbach's α was used to assess the reliability. Results: The Korean-ISS (K-ISS) consists of 25 items, excluding two items from the original ISS questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis identified four factors, which explained 75.6% of the total variance. The four distinct factors were infertility stigma with self-devaluation (56.8%), public stigma (8.1%), social withdrawal (6.5%), and family stigma (4.2%). In the confirmatory factor analysis, the 25 items in the four-factor structure were validated (χ² /df ≤ 3, RMSEA ≤ 10). The hypothesis-testing construct validity of K-ISS against FPI (r = .58~.71, p < .001) and FQI (r = - .49~- .65, p < .001) was tested and found to be significant. The internal consistency reliability of the K-ISS, assessed using Cronbach's α, was .97. Conclusion: The K-ISS has satisfactory construct validity and reliability; therefore, it can help minimize the negative impact of stigma by measuring the stigma associated with women experiencing infertility.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.535-542
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• 2012

This study was carried out from 2011 to 2012 in order to analyze the cultivation technology system by six organic rice cultivation types in the southern provinces for the purpose of utilizing organic rice farming guidelines. This surveys were conducted by site visit on 8 counties and 115 farms in southern area. Cultivation technology system by six organic rice cultivation types were cultivated by the principle of minimum input or non-input. cropping systems, a mixture of barley and rice, or rice green manure crops were grown. Cultivars were mixture of the local cultivars and Japanese varieties. Soil were managed by a self-manufactured compost, indigenous microorganisms and barley straw without any fertilization. Pest control was mainly practied by purchased eco-friendly organic materials or herbal medication residue and indigenous microbial self-manufactured. Weed was controled by snails and barley straw. In addition, considering the restore of a longtail pitching shrimp and grasshoppers, the fuction of environmental ecology of six organic rice cultivation type proved to be excellent all. Meanwhile, the productivity of the organic farming per 10a were the order of Life and environment > Natural circulation > Stevia > Ji jang > Art and nature > Taepyoung of Farming Methods, but the farmers received prices showed the opposite tendency. Simple profitablity did not show a big difference. But, the productivity of all type of the organic farming were lower then the conventional farming. Finally, If we want to conduct safety and easy farming, we can suggest stevia farming, Natural circulation farming and life and environmental farming out of 6 organic rice cultivation types.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.402-412
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• 2023

Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg is a biennial plant that usually flowers and dies after seed setting at 2^nd year. We inspected the flowering and fertilization characteristics to establish the breeding system. The plant forms complex umbel inflorescences consisting of multiple umbellets and numerous flowers. Each flower is bisexual but allogamous because of protandry. A flower bloomed for three days with matured pollen and no stigma appearance. Inspection of pollen tube growth indicates that the pollen viability can be maintained for up to 3~7 days after first flowering (DAF). In a umbellet, flowers bloomed during 1~5 DAF and the pollen maintained viability during 3~10 DAF, and the pistil developed and maintained fertility during 8~12 DAF. Theoretically, self-pollination can be possible during 8~10 DAF in the same umbellet. Approximately 4.4% of seeds were developed by self-pollination among flowers in an enveloping solitary umbel. There is at least a 9~10 days difference for the development of an umbel with another umbel at the next branch, which indicates pollination can be permitted between different branches in an individual plant. Finally, we have established a rapid breeding method to shorten the breeding cycle to one year from two years by integrating the flowering and pollination characteristics.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the propagation system by seed to check growth, flowering, and making seed of three-year-old cactus of potted Mammillaria goldii. M. theresae, and M. pseudopeclinata. Plant height and width of them was 2.5~2.8 cm, and 2.8~3.1 cm, and seed formation of Mammillaria goldii and M. theresae had internal body taking130 to 135 days to ripening seeds, however, M. pseudopectinata had externals taking just 26 days to ripening seeds. The mean seeded pod from April to June of M. goldii was 50.0% and the number of seeds in a pod was 25.3. In M. theresae, the mean seeded pod from April to June was 57.3% and the number of seeds in a pod was 35.0. However, the highest rate of seeded pod on May of M. pseudopectinata was 75.0% and the number of seed in a pod was 66.0. The sib crossing was much more ripening seed fertilization than that of self cross ing in the Mammillaria. The self crossing was formed from 12.0% to 20.0% of seeded pod, from 12.0 to 16.0 number of seed in a pod. However, sib crossing obtained 58.0% of seeded pod, 30 seeds in a pod of M. goldii, 65.0% seeded pods and 40 seeds in a pod of M. theresae, and 75.0% seeded pod, 68 seeds in a pod of M. pseudopectinala as the highest of them.