• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2024

Malignant colorectal obstructions urgently require decompression therapy to prevent the severe risks of intestinal ischemia and bowel perforation. In managing malignant colonic strictures endoscopically, the use of self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) is the predominant approach. Colonic SEMs are primarily used in preoperative decompression therapy before curative surgery and palliative treatment in patients with advanced disease stages. Furthermore, the stenting process, which requires rigorous clinical supervision, can lead to complications. This review endeavors to concisely review the clinical considerations associated with the SEMS procedure, with a focus on its indications, technical aspects, and potential complications that may arise during the procedure.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2022

Self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) is effective for biliary drainage, especially in pancreaticobiliary cancer. The mechanical properties, material, and design of SEMS are important in preventing recurrent biliary obstruction and complication. Radial and chronic expansion forces play roles in preventing stent migration and collapse. Complications, such as stent impaction, cholecystitis, and pancreatitis, were related to the axial force. The nickel-titanium alloy shows more flexibility, conformability, and optimal axial force compared to previously used stainless steel. Additionally, the stent structure affected the mechanical properties of SEMS. Therefore, understanding the mechanical properties, material, and design of SEMS will provide the best outcome for biliary drainage, as well as better SEMS development.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.318-324
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• 1992

기관지내 팽창성 금속 스텐트의 사용은, 아직은 외국의 경우에서도, 추적 관찰기간이 짧고 시술받은 환자의 수도 많지 않으며 장기간 삽입후의 변화에 대하여는 그 결과가 예측하기 힘들다는 점등을 생각할 때는 현재 이의 시행은 아직은 실험적 단계라 할 수 있다. 그러나 내과적 혹은 외과적인 문제로 수술적 기관지 보존술등을 시행받기 어려운 상태에 있는 기관지 협착환자에서는 단독으로, 혹은 laser therapy, electrocoagulation, cryotherapy, balloon dilatation 및 다른 tracheal devices (예(例): Montgomery T-tube)등 의 치료방법들과 같이 병행하여, 팽창성 금속 스텐트의 삽입은 기관기관지 협착증의 치료에 도움이 되리라 생각된다. 또 국내에서는 아직도 유병율이 높은 폐결핵환자에서 충분한 기간동안 약물치료후에도 일부 환자에서는 기관지 결핵에 의하여 기관지 협착이 발생하는데 이때 수술적 치료외에는 적절한 치료방법이 없는 실정이다. 이러한 환자에서 만약 협착부위가 한쪽 주 기관지에 부분적으로 국한 되어 있으며 그 이하의 폐실질파괴가 심하지 않다면 스텐트 삽입은 수술적 치료이전에 시도하여 볼 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2009

상부 위장관 스텐트 삽입술은 근치적 수술이 불가능한 상부 악성 종양에 의한 상부 위장관 협착 환자의 폐쇄 증상 완화를 위한 보존적 치료로서 확립되었으며 내시경 개발 기술이 발달하고 임상 경험이 축적됨에 따라서 여러 상부 위장관 질환에서 스텐트 삽입술을 보다 편리하고 안전하게 시행할 수 있게 되었다. 그러나 스텐트 삽입술 이후에는 동통, 출혈, 천공과 같은 조기 합병증이나 스텐트 일탈, 스텐트 폐쇄 등의 후기 합병증이 발생할 수 있으므로 사후 관리 또한 중요하다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2018

Purpose: The endoscopic management of a fully covered self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) has been suggested for the primary treatment of patients with anastomotic leaks after total gastrectomy. Embedded stents due to tissue ingrowth and migration are the main obstacles in endoscopic stent management. Materials and Methods: The effectiveness and safety of endoscopic management were evaluated for anastomotic leaks when using a benign fully covered SEMS with an anchoring thread and thick silicone covering the membrane to prevent stent embedding and migration. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 14 consecutive patients with gastric cancer and anastomotic leaks after total gastrectomy treated from January 2009 to December 2016. Results: The technical success rate of endoscopic stent replacement was 100%, and the rate of complete leaks closure was 85.7% (n=12). The mean size of leaks was 13.1 mm (range, 3-30 mm). The time interval from operation to stent replacement was 10.7 days (range, 3-35 days) and the interval from stent replacement to extraction was 32.3 days (range, 18-49 days). The complication rate was 14.1%, and included a single jejunal ulcer and delayed stricture at the site of leakage. No embedded stent or migration occurred. Two patients died due to progression of pneumonia and septic shock 2 weeks after stent replacement. Conclusions: A benign fully covered SEMS with an anchoring thread and thick membrane is an effective and safe stent in patients with anastomotic leaks after total gastrectomy. The novelty of this stent is that it provides complete prevention of stent migration and embedding, compared with conventional fully covered SEMS.

• BMB Reports
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2024

We conducted a comprehensive series of molecular biological studies aimed at unraveling the intricate mechanisms underlying the anti-fibrotic effects of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) when used in conjunction with fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) for the management of benign biliary strictures (BBS). To decipher the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-fibrotic effects of corticosteroids on gallbladder mucosa, we conducted a comprehensive analysis. This analysis included various methodologies such as immunohisto-chemistry, ELISA, real-time PCR, and transcriptome analysis, enabling us to examine alterations in factors related to fibrosis and inflammation at both the protein and RNA levels. Overall, our findings revealed a dose-dependent decrease in fibrosis-related signaling with higher TA concentrations. The 15 mg of steroid treatment (1X) exhibited anti-fibrosis and anti-inflammatory effects after 4 weeks, whereas the 30 mg of steroid treatment (2X) rapidly reduced fibrosis and inflammation within 2 weeks in BBS. Transcriptomic analysis results consistently demonstrated significant downregulation of fibrosis- and inflammation-related pathways and genes in steroid-treated fibroblasts. Use of corticosteroids, specifically TA, together with FCSEMS was effective for the treatment of BBS, ameliorating fibrosis and inflammation. Our molecular biological analysis supports the potential development of steroid-eluted FCSEMS as a therapeutic option for BBS in humans resulting from various surgical procedures.