• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.333-344
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• 2004

To investigate current status of the elderly meal service program, community centers nationwide were surveyed for congregate meal services. The survey was conducted during the month of December 2002 by mail using self-developed questionnaire on administration, staffs, funding, and meal service management. Only 95 out of 356 community centers (27%) answered and returned the questionnaires, and congregate meal menus were also collected from 20 centers for 492 days. Results were analyzed using SAS package program. In more than half of the elderly congregate meal service programs, following criteria were used in multiple form to allow participation; 65 years old or older, low income, or living alone. All centers served lunch, most of them free of charge, and 88.4% of them provided service 5 days a week. About 79% of the total cost occurred on the congregate meal service was supported by the government. Most of the menus served at congregate meal service were Korean style dish with rice. On the average, each meal provided 3 side dishes including kimchi, in addition to soup or stew. Only 19% of the centers have employed dietitian working for meal service programs; meal menus were prepared by social welfare workers or other non-dietetic personnels in more than 80% of the centers. Food purchasing and food hygiene control was also practiced mainly by social welfare workers or cooks. This study suggests that dietetic professionals are needed to better manage meal service programs for the elderly in both aspects, food hygiene and nutrition. Development of more nutritious menus and determination of appropriate serving sizes for the elderly meal service programs are necessary to meet the RDAs and dietary action guide for the elderly.

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.77-99
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the employment possibility of the humanities college graduates to science and engineering field occupations, and to identify the occupational characteristics related to employability perceived by workers. To do this, basic statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were conducted using the data surveyed on 2,600 workers in the science and engineering field in the 'Research on Korean Occupational Index for Career and Employment Service(2017)'. The main results are as follows. First, the employment possibility of the humanities college graduates to science and engineering field was low, except for some occupations in the information communication, manufacturing and processing fields. Second, the occupational characteristics affecting the employment possibilities of the humanities college graduates to science and engineering field are as follows: low importance of the final education, low importance of the major, low importance of qualification, high importance of vocational training, easy to return after the career break, high level of gender equality, high level of pleasant work environment, high employment retention, easy to self-employment or start-up, and increasing number of jobs. Based on the results of this study, to support employment of humanities college graduate from the occupational aspect, it is necessary to find out some detailed jobs or to develop convergence occupations. At this time, it is possible to utilize the occupational characteristics factors that increase the employment possibility of humanities college graduates to science and engineering occupations.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1049-1059
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the general characteristics of parents to their children's oral health care. The subjects in this study were 117 parents and their children who resided in rural communities in the region of K. Methods : A survey was conducted with the consent of the parents from July 1 to 30, 2010. As for the survey on the children, the children who were in the lower grades were interviewed, and the upper graders filled out the questionnaires in person. A frequency analysis was carried out to find out the general characteristics of the parents and children, and x2-test was utilized to grasp the links between the general characteristics of the parents and the children's oral health care. A SPSS WIN 12.0 program was employed to analyze all the collected data. The findings of the study were as follows: Result : 1. As a result of investigating the relationship of the occupation of the parents to the children's regular dental checkup, the 71.8 percent of the entire children didn't get a dental checkup on a regular basis. The biggest percentage of the children of the self-employed parents(100%) got a regular dental checkup, and 90.9 percent of the children of the government workers did that(p<.05). 2. As a result of checking the relationship of the occupation of the parents to the children's dental-caries experiences, 39.3 percent of the whole children had no such experiences. The largest percentage of the children of the company employees(51.9%) had dental-caries experiences(p<.05). 3. Concerning the links between the academic credential of the parents and the children's toothbrushing method, the biggest percentage of the children(40.2%) brushed their teeth up and down. The largest rate of the children whose parents were high-school graduates(41.5%) brushed their teeth in that way(p<.05). 4. Regarding the links between the toothbrushing time of the parents and the children's view, 43.6 percent found their parents to take good care of their teeth to make them clean. 60 percent whose parents brushed their teeth after having breakfast and dinner took the best view(p<.001). 5. As for the oral-health education experiences of the parents and a time for the children's change of toothbrushes, 29.1 percent changed their toothbrushes every two months, and 29.1 percent did that not on a regular basis but when the bristles of their toothbrushes got bent(p<.05). Conclusions : The above-mentioned findings suggest that in order to promote children's oral health in consideration of the characteristics of their parents, children should be urged to get a regular dental checkup, and the development of oral-health education programs in which parents and children can participate together is urgently required.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.30.1-30.13
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• 2023

Background: Dysmenorrhea and menstrual cycle changes occur in women working shifts. Circadian rhythm disruption and sleep disturbances associated with shift work leads to health problems. We identified chronotypes and the occurrence of insomnia among newly employed university hospital nurses and investigated the association of these factors with menstrual problems. Methods: We conducted pre-placement health examinations for shift workers using self-reported questionnaires between 2018 and 2020. A total of 463 nurses were included in the study. Sociodemographic data, shift work experience, and information on insomnia were collected from health examination data. In addition, details regarding chronotype, dysmenorrhea, irregular and abnormal menstrual cycles, amenorrhea, and contraceptive use were obtained from the questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to study the association between chronotype, insomnia, and menstrual problems after controlling for age, body mass index, contraceptive use, amenorrhea, and prior shift work. Results: The prevalence rates of dysmenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycles, and longer menstrual cycles were 23.8%, 14.9%, and 4.1%, respectively. The risk of dysmenorrhea increased in the evening-type (odds ratio [OR]: 3.209; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.685-6.113) and those with insomnia (OR: 1.871; 95% CI: 1.074-3.261). Additionally, the risk of an irregular menstrual cycle (OR: 2.698; 95% CI: 1.167-6.237) increased in the evening-type, and the risk of a longer menstrual cycle (OR: 4.008; 95% CI: 1.354-11.864) increased in individuals with insomnia. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that dysmenorrhea is promoted in the evening-type and insomnia individuals. There may be an increased risk of irregular menstrual cycles among evening-type nurses and an increased risk of longer menstrual cycles among those with insomnia. Therefore, factors such as evening-type and insomnia should be considered for the prevention of menstrual problems in women performing shift work.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.505-512
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• 1999

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between job strains and absenteeism from work. Methods : The study design was cross-sectional, and the study subjects consisted of 1,166 workers who were employed in the small-sized industries. A self administered questionnaire was used to measure the general characteristics, job characteristics(job demand, job control), and social support(coworker support, supervisor support) at work. The Job Content Questionnaire(JCQ) was used to assess job demand(2 items) and decision lattitude(10 items). Social support at work (10 items) was measured using JCQ. Sick absence was collected using self-report and were rechecked by the attendance record of their company. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between job strain and sick absence were estimated. The modifying effect of social support was evaluated by stratification. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between job strain and sick absence. Results : In the bivariate analysis, the variables related to sick absence were age, marital status, occupation, job demand. Four distinctly different kinds of level of job strain were generated by the combination of job demand and job control: low strain group, high strain group, active group, and passive group. The crude odds ratio of high job strain was 1.78(95% CI: 1.26-2.53), and those of active group and passive group were 1.33(95% CI: 1.07-1.66) and 1.13 (95% CI: 0.88-1.47), respectively. The odds ratio of high job strain after adjusting for age and occupation were still significant The odds ratio of high job strain in low social support was 5.96(95% CI: 2.45-14.51), but that in high social support was 0.73(95% CI: 0.26-2.01). Conclusions : Job strain was associated with increased risk of absenteeism from work, and social support at work modified the association between job strain and sick absence.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.323-357
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• 2009

This study illuminates the mechanism of life course on labor status of old age complementing the limits of labor status hypothesis of old age and model of statues attainment and combining them. The main results from this analysis are summarized in four points. Firstly, older men mostly engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishing industry or low-class occupations. A very small portion held high level or professional occupations. Regular full-time employees or employers were only 4.4% while, about 70% of older employees were temporal employees or self-employed. This shows that the elderly affluence hypothesis which alleges that most older men maintain high level occupations, applies to only a few. The second finding is that wealth differentials are sizable: about 20% of older workers own less than 50 million won, while 9.3% possess more than 600 million won. Therefore, it is not safe to claim that most people have accumulated enough wealth for old age according to the elderly affluence hypothesis. This gap being mainly reflected by education level, suggests that the model of status attainment is appropriate as wealth accumulation hypothesis. Thirdly, educational level determined not only lifetime careers, but also labor status of old age. Fourthly, using path analysis, the last finding is that education had effect on labor status of old age through lifetime career and wealth. That is, old men who have low education level had unstable lifetime career and own less wealth. They work in low income job, low social occupations and unstable occupation type in old age. This shows that life inequality continues until old age. Therefore, the inequality of education opportunity, spread of part-time work and small scale self employees should be discouraged. Furthermore, related policy should be provided in order to prevent being caught in unstable work.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.73-84
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• 2019

Despite decades of work experience, workers at small- and medium-sized enterprises(SME) here have yet to make inroads into the self-employed sector that utilizes the job competency they have accumulated at work after retirement. Unlike large companies, SME do not have a proper system for improving the long-term job competency of their employees as they focus on their immediate performance. It is necessary to analyse the independent variables affecting the job competency of employees of SME to derive practical implications for the personnel of SME. In the preceding studies, there are independent variable analyses that affect job competency in specialized industries, such as health care, public officials and IT, but the analysis of workers at SME is insufficient. This study set the person-job fit and organizational justice based on the prior studies of the independent variables that affect the job competency of SME general workers as a dependent variable. The sub-variables of each variable derived knowledge, skills, experience, and desire for person-job fit, and distribution, procedural and deployment justice for organizational justice, respectively. The survey of employees of SME in Korea was conducted from February to March 2019 by Likert 5 scales, and the survey was retrieved from 323 people and analyzed in a demonstration using the SPSS and AMOS statistics package. Among the four sub-independent variables of person-job fit, knowledge, skills and experience were shown to have a significant impact on the job competency, and desire was not shown to be so. Among the three sub-independent variables of organizational justice, deployment justice has a significant impact on job competency, but distribution and procedural justices have not. Personnel managers of SME need to improve the job competency of their employees by appropriately utilizing independent variables such as knowledge, skills, experience and deployment at each stage, including recruitment, deployment, and promotion. Future job competency modeling studies are needed to overcome the limitations of this study, which fails to objectively measure job competency.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.542-550
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the oral health behavior and oral health belief of transportation workers. The subjects in this study were 270 selected taxi drivers who engaged in the taxi transportation industry in Jeollabuk-do. They were selected by convenience sampling. To determine the influence of their general characteristics and oral health belief on scaling experience and oral health education experience, a logistic regression analysis was made. And a multiple regression analysis was made by selecting general characteristics and oral health behavior as independent variables and by selecting oral health belief as a dependent variable. A statistical package SPSS for Windows ver. 12.0 was employed to make all the statistical analysis. As a result of making the logistic regression analysis, benefit that was one of the subfactors of oral health belief had something to do with oral health education experience, and the subfactors that exerted an influence on scaling experience were benefit, susceptibility and barrier. When the multiple regression analysis was carried out to find out influential factors for oral health belief, monthly mean income had an impact on susceptibility and barrier among the subfactors of oral health belief, and self-rated oral health status affected seriousness and barrier. There were differences among the taxi drivers in oral health belief according to their own characteristics, and oral health belief was linked to oral health behavior. Therefore oral health belief and oral health behavior should be taken into account when it's planned to promote the oral health of taxi drivers.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.28
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• pp.7-31
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the psychological empowerment of security guards to their service orientation and organizational performance. The subjects in this study were 300 security guards who were selected by purposive sampling from the population that consisted of the workers in private security agencies located in the cities of Chungan and Ahsan in 2011. After a survey was conducted, the answer sheets from 271 respondents were analyzed. The statistical package SPSS WIN 18.0 was employed to make a factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis and path analysis. The findings of the study were as follows: First, psychological empowerment affected service orientation. Better meaning and better self-determination led to better service human resources management, better service leadership and better service encounter management. Second, psychological empowerment exerted an influence on organizational performance. Stronger impact and better meaning led to stronger organizational commitment, higher job satisfaction and better performance. Third, service orientation had an impact on organizational performance. Better service human resources management, better service leadership and better service encounter management were followed by stronger organizational commitment, better job satisfaction and higher performance. Fourth, psychological empowerment exercised a firsthand and secondhand influence on service orientation and organizational performance. Given the findings of the study, managers of security agencies should keep in mind the unique working environments of employees, and they should empower employees to show what they can do in consideration of their changing working environments and let them assume the responsibility for their own job performance. That will encourage them to provide better service for customers, which will serve, in turn, to bolster the organizational performance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.495-503
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the general characteristics, work overload, work life balance, job engagement of working adolescents and the factors affecting job engagement. We examined 1,772 working adolescents under the age of 24 years in response to the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Technical statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis were used. The study results showed that men had high-level job engagement when they were professional, self-employed, 41-52 hours per week, and never experienced employment discrimination. For women, job engagement was high if they were under 19 years of age, college graduates, professions, temporary work, 41-52 hours a week, and had never experienced gender discrimination, and employment discrimination. In addition, the job engagement of both men and women was higher when work overload was less and work life balance was good. This study is meaningful in that it examined the job engagement of working youth by using the Korean Working Conditions Survey representative of Korean workers. However, it has limitations in that it does not take into account specific circumstances such as academic status or military service. Based on the study results, it can be used as basic data for developing educational programs to manage job engagement and understanding of working adolescents.