• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국화재소방학회 2011년도 추계학술논문발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.171-174
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 소방공무원이 착용하는 소방용 공기호흡기(SCBA)가 신체에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 소방공무원의 안전을 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 한다. 연구결과 소방용 공기호흡기를 착용한 경우가 반바지를 착장한 경우보다 평균피부온도(7%), 심박수(28%), 운동자각도(65.4%), 대사당량(70.7%) 등이 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났으며(p<.05), 호흡수는 유의하지 않았다. 이상의 결과 소방용 공기호흡기의 착용은 신체에 과중한 부담을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.53-56
• /
• 2016

In this study, experiments and finite element method analysis were used to determine the autofrettage pressure that is optimal and then maximizes the cycling life of Type3 composite cylinders used in self-contained breathing apparatus. For both approaches, the cylinders were pressurized at 100, 110, ${\ldots}$, 290 % of the test pressure, respectively. The stresses were computed by the FEM analysis; while the strains of cylinders were recorded and the failure modes were monitored during the cycling test. As a result, from the good agreements between the simulations and experiments, it was concluded that at least 70 % of the test pressure should be applied as the autofrettage pressure in order to takes visible effect on the cycling life, and 160 % of the test pressure induces the maximum cycling life and the desired failure mode.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.42-47
• /
• 2011

Going underwater is supposed to begin with the history of human beings. At first it was confined to relatively shallow level, less than several meters by holding breath. Recently, deep level diving has been necessary for such purpose as construction, maritime salvage, military operations, research and sports by using SCUBA(self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) equipment. As one goes down into water, the pressure on the diver is increased due to water pressure with depth, usually 1 atm for each 10 m water level. In deep water, mixed gas or nitrox(EAN, enriched air nitrox) could be applied for the divers lest they should get disease due to high pressure. Of these, the former is usually composed of oxygen and inert gas like helium or hydrogen, the latter contains higher oxygen content than that in normal air in which the oxygen concentration is designated by the character "EAN" followed by vol. % of oxygen, for example, "EAN 40" contains 40% of oxygen. In this case, a victim was found at the 39 m below the sea surface breathing air and nitrox in cylinder wrongly marked as EAN 36, which was analyzed to contain 63% of oxygen by GC/TCD. The cause of death could not be exactly related with the oxygen content in the nitrox cylinder, because the accurate depth for the victim to dive was not known, even though the victim was just found at the depth of 39 m. However, the wrongly marked nitrox could be believed to be the main cause of the death at the depth unless there happened any other accident except that during diving.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.537-547
• /
• 2017

This study evaluates the wearing performance of a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) belt for firefighters in Korea. A SCBA belt design was suggested based on the wearing evaluation of a SCBA belt; subsequently, prototypes I and II were created. A wearing evaluation of prototypes with improved design and design preference was performed. Six designs elements of the SCBA belt for firefighters were suggested based on the survey results of wearing the SCBA belt and for the SCBA belt design preference for use by firefighters. First, belt material should be made of black high-strength aramid textiles. In addition, Velcro should be used to attach and detach retroreflective and fluorescent materials along with various colors for visibility. Second, the chest belt should be made of the same material used for other parts; in addition, the chest belt should be moved to the center for center of gravity and a cobra buckle should be applied. Third, an O-ring should be applied to the back and the belt connected to the O-ring should distribute the weight in six axes. Fourth, a detachable air respirator should be able to separate by using upper and lower cobra buckles. Fifth, a separable leg belt and a detachable pocket are also suggested. Sixth, a ring for walkie-talkies, alarms and equipment as a fabric ring are also suggested. Prototype III with an improved design was created based on the results of the design suggestion.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.44-56
• /
• 2013

한국기준 표준화된 A급 목재 및 B급 유류 화재 시험에서 룸코너시험기(RCT)를 사용하여 연소유독가스의 생성을 정량적으로 알아보고, 시험자들에게 미치는 인체유해성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 A급의 경우 유독가스가 시험자들에 직접적으로 노출되는 초기 3분 동안, 분당호흡량(RMV) 2단계에서 40% 카복시헤모글로빈(COHb)가 넘어가는 경우는 A급 9, 10단위에 해당하며, RMV 3단계에서 A급 5~10 단위까지가 모두 40% COHb을 초과함을 확인하였다. 한편 B급의 경우 유독가스가 시험자에게 직접 노출되는 초기 1분 동안은 A급에 비해 다소 안전하나 총 연소시간에는 RMV 3단계에서 B급 16~20 단위까지가 모두 20% COHb을 초과한 수치가 나옴을 확인하였다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 시험자들은 소화시험의 단위수를 고려하여 자급 호흡보조기나 그와 동일한 기능의 장치를 착용하는 규정을 제안한다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.520-533
• /
• 2023

The present study developed a test protocol for evaluating the mobility of firefighting chemical and flame personal protective equipment (PPE) for the National 119 Rescue Headquarters in Korea and suggested ergonomic design factors to improve their mobility and performance. Six types of PPE were employed, including three types for flame protective PPE (5 ~ 6 kg excluding the self-contained breathing apparatus), and three types for chemical and flame protective PPE (8 ~ 11 kg). These PPEs are used by the 119 Rescue firefighters. Three male firefighters (34.3 ± 1.2 y in age, 175 ± 8 cm in height, 81 ± 13 kg in body weight) participated in the mobility test and interview. A mobility test protocol consisting of 16 components (nine postures and seven motions including a dexterity test) along with a visibility test were developed based on pre-interviews and literature reviews. The findings indicated that the clothing microclimate humidity on the neck and chest exceeded 85%RH on average for all the six PPE conditions, with the chest area reaching as high as 98%RH. This high humidity caused fogging inside the visor and impaired visibility. The requirements for improving the PPE design in terms of mobility varied depending on whether it was the separated types or all-in-one types, particularly regarding the hood and gloves design. The findings of this study can be applied to improve the design of Level A_PPE for firefighters. The mobility test protocol and visibility test developed in this study can also be applied to other types of Level A impermeable PPE.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 소방대원들이 화재현장에서 진압 및 구조 업무 활동 시 필수로 착용하고 있는 SCBA 시스템에 팀원 간 의사소통이 가능하도록 다자간 동시 양방향 통신이 적용된 SCBA 면체용 무선통신 모듈을 설계·제작하여 그 성능을 확인하였다. 본 시험 조건에서 팀 통신모듈 성능평가결과 가시거리(LOS)에서 500 m 이상 통신이 가능하며, 건축물 내부 수평 통신거리는 1:1로 최소 36 m에서 최대 51 m까지 측정되었다. 또한, Ad-hoc 기능을 구현하여, 3 hoc 자동중계로 통신거리가 128 m 까지 확대되었다. 건축물 내부 수직 통신거리는 오픈된 계단실의 경우 5층까지, 구획된 계단실의 경우 3층까지 통신되었고, 2 hoc 자동중계를 통해 5층까지 모든 통신이 가능하였다. 화재상황을 가정한 통신 성능실험결과 별도의 PTT 키 조작 없이도 소방무선통신 표준약어를 5명의 팀원이 정확히 인지하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 추가적으로 불꽃저항성 실험결과 950 ± 50 ℃의 불꽃에 5 s간 노출 후 즉시 소화되어 내염성을 지닌 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2020

본 연구에서는 마네킹을 이용해서 평상시 응급처치시 입는 옷, 레벨 B, 레벨 C PPE를 착용이 고품질의 심폐소생술에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 본 실험에 참여한 응급구조사는 C 지역 소방 소속의 5년 이상의 경력을 가진 119 구급대원 20명을 대상으로 하였다. 심폐소생술 중 가슴압박이 중지되는 손이탈 시간 및 비율의 경우 유니폼 착용그룹에서 11.9 초, 레벨 C PPE 착용 그룹에서 11.4 초, SCBA 착용 그룹에서 13.1 초인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 개인보호장비 착용은 구급대원의 움직임을 방해하고 있고 보상동작을 사용하게 되어 효율적인 응급처치의 어려움이 나타날 가능성이 많아지며, 이러한 상황이 지속될 경우 구급대원의 신체에도 피로감과 손상을 줄 수 있다. 구조 및 구급대원들은 응급상황을 대비해서 레벨별 개인보호장비를 착용하고 구조 및 심폐소생술 훈련에 임하여야 한다.

• 한국위험물학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 2014

We analyzed the demand of competent authorities requiring adequate technical information for initial investigation of chemical accidents. Reflecting technical reports on chemical accident response by environmental agencies in the U.S. and Canada, we presented information on environmental diffusion and toxic effects available for the first chemical accident response. Hydrogen fluoride may have the risk potential to corrode metals and cause serious burns and eye damages. In case of inhalation or intake, it could have severe health effects. The substance itself is inflammable, but once heated, it decomposes producing corrosive and toxic fume. In case of contact with water, it can produce toxic, corrosive, flammable or explosive gases and its solution, a strong acid, may react fiercely with a base. In case of hydrogen fluoride leak, the preventive measures are to decrease steam generation in exposed sites, prevent the transfer of vapor cloud and promptly respond using inflammable substances including calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ground limestone, dried soil, dry sand, vermiculite, fly ash and powder cement. The method for fire fighting is to suppress fire with manless hose stanchions or monitor nozzles by wearing the whole body protective clothing equipped with over-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus from distance. In case of transport accident accompanied with fire, evacuation distance is 1,600m radius. In cae of fire, fire suppression needs to be performed using dry chemicals, CO₂, water spray, water fog, and alcohol-resistance foam, etc. The major symptoms by exposure route are dyspnoea, bronchitis, chemical pneumonia and pulmonary edema for respiration, skin laceration, dermatitis, burn, frostbite and erythema for eyes, and nausea, diarrhea, stomachache, and tissue destruction for digestive organs. In atmosphere, its persistency is low, and its bioaccumulation in aquatic organism is also low.