• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The effects of four different self-adhesive resin cement materials on cell viability and apoptosis after direct and indirect exposure were evaluated using different cell culture techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Self-adhesive cements were applied to NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts by the extract test method, cell culture inserts, and dentin barrier test method. After exposure periods of 24 h and 72 h, the cytotoxicity of these self-adhesive materials was evaluated using the MTT assay (viability) and the Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining (apoptosis). RESULTS. The lowest cell viability was found in cells exposed to BeautiCem SA for 24 h in the extract test method. Cell viability was reduced to 70.6% compared to negative controls. After the 72 h exposure period, viability rate of cell cultures exposed to BeautiCem SA decreased more than 2- fold (29.5%) while cells exposed to RelyX U200 showed the highest viability rate of 71.4%. In the dentin barrier test method, BeautiCem SA induced the highest number of cells in apoptosis after a 24 h exposure (4.1%). Panavia SA Cement Plus was the material that caused the lowest number of cells in apoptosis (1.5%). CONCLUSION. The used self-adhesive cements have showed different cytotoxic effects based on the evaluation method. As exposure time increased, the materials showed more cytotoxic and apoptotic effects. BeautiCem SA caused significantly more severe cytotoxic and apoptotic effects than other cements tested. Moreover, cements other than BeautiCem SA have caused necrotic cell death rather than apoptotic cell death.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.18.1-18.13
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• 2024

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of relined and non-relined fiberglass posts when cemented to root canal dentin using a conventional dual-cure resin cement or a self-adhesive resin cement. Materials and Methods: Two types of resin cements were utilized: conventional and self-adhesive. Additionally, 2 cementation protocols were employed, involving relined and non-relined fiberglass posts. In total, 72 bovine incisors were cemented and subjected to push-out bond strength testing (n = 10) followed by failure mode analysis. The cross-sectional microhardness (n = 5) was assessed along the root canal, and interface analyses (n = 3) were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data from the push-out bond strength and cross-sectional microhardness tests were analyzed via 3-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post-hoc test (α= 0.05). Results: For non-relined fiberglass posts, conventional resin cement exhibited higher pushout bond strength than self-adhesive cement. Relined fiberglass posts yielded comparable results between the resin cements. Type II failure was the most common failure mode for both resin cements, regardless of cementation protocol. The use of relined fiberglass posts improved the cross-sectional microhardness values for both cements. SEM images revealed voids and bubbles in the incisors with non-relined fiberglass posts. Conclusions: Mechanical properties were impacted by the cementation protocol. Relined fiberglass posts presented the highest push-out bond strength and cross-sectional microhardness values, regardless of the resin cement used (conventional dual-cure or self-adhesive). Conversely, for non-relined fiberglass posts, the conventional dual-cure resin cement yielded superior results to the self-adhesive resin cement.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of (a) a self stretching exercise (SSE) maintained below the level of pain with (b) physical therapy (PT) performed without pain limitation in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Methods: Forty-three subjects with frozen shoulder were recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups - an experimental group (SSE group, $n_1=18$) and a control group (PT group, $n_2=25$). The duration of each intervention was five weeks. We assessed night pains, range of motion (ROM), and shoulder function. Results: Overall, subjects in both groups improved over five weeks (p<0.05). The change in the PT group was greater (p<0.05) Conclusion: SSE carried out under the pain threshold may be used to treat patients with adhesive capsulitis SSE can be prescribed with PT as part of a home program or of group management.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 시차주사열량계시험, 반응열시험, 접착전단시험을 통해 자가치료제의 열분석 특성과 접착 특성을 평가하였다. 자가치료제는 DCPD와 ENB의 혼합비에 따라 D1E0, D3E1, D1E1, D1E3, D0E1을 고려하였다. 촉매는 Grubbs' catalyst를 자가치료제의 종류에 따라 0.1 wt%에서 1.5 wt%까지 적용하였다. DCPD의 경우는 촉매 양이 많을수록 중합반응이 빠르고 안정화된 접착강도가 높아지지만 많은 양의 촉매가 요구된다. ENB의 경우 촉매와의 반응성이 우수하여 적은 양의 촉매로도 빠른 중합반응을 얻을 수 있지만 반응열이 높게 나타난다. DCPD와 ENB의 혼합비를 변화시키면 자가치료제의 열분석 특성 및 접착 특성을 조절할 수 있으며 본 연구에서 고려한 자가치료제 중 D3E1가 최대접착강도, 최대접착강도에 도달하는 시간, 안정화된 접착강도, 반응열 측면에서 자가치료제로 가장 유리함을 알 수 있다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2012

Objectives: This study evaluated the influence of chlorhexidine (CHX) on the microtensile bonds strength (${\mu}TBS$) of resin core with two adhesive systems to dentin in endodontic cavities. Materials and Methods: Flat dentinal surfaces in 40 molar endodontic cavities were treated with self-etch adhesive system, Contax (DMG) and total-etch adhesive system, Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) after the following surface treatments: (1) Priming only (Contax), (2) CHX for 15 sec + rinsing + priming (Contax), (3) Etching with priming (Adper Single Bond 2), (4) Etching + CHX for 15 sec + rinsing + priming (Adper Single Bond 2). Resin composite build-ups were made with LuxaCore (DMG) using a bulk method and polymerized for 40 sec. For each condition, half of specimens were submitted to ${\mu}TBS$ after 24 hr storage and half of them were submitted to thermocycling of 10,000 cycles between $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ before testing. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and independent t-test at a significance level of 95%. Results: CHX pre-treatment did not affect the bond strength of specimens tested at the immediate testing period, regardless of dentin surface treatments. However, after 10,000 thermocycling, all groups showed reduced bond strength. The amount of reduction was greater in groups without CHX treatments than groups with CHX treatment. These characteristics were the same in both self-etch adhesive system and total-etch adhesive system. Conclusions: 2% CHX application for 15 sec proved to alleviate the decrease of bond strength of dentin bonding systems. No significant difference was shown in ${\mu}TBS$ between total-etching system and self-etching system.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate a influence in Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, and self-assisted ROM exercise of shoulder adhesive capsulitis. METHODS: The methods of the study was to investigate a change in range of motion (ROM), an increase in ROM, visual analogue scale (VAS) and disability questionnaire by Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, and self-assisted ROM exercise on 32 patients who were diagnosed with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups who were treated in the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and self-assistive ROM exercise group for flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, VAS and disability questionnaire. Both group's flexion, extension, internal ratation, and external rotation levels were significantly different before and after the treatment. And significant statistical decrease in VAS and disability was seen. The extension of the shoulder joint was closely related to external rotation (r=0.84). There was a close relationship between internal rotation and external rotation at the shoulder joint. There was no increased range of extension through the exercise method. However, flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, VAS, and disability questionnaire of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation groups were obviously higher than in the self-assisted ROM exercise group. CONCLUSION: Our study suggest that considering Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation for the patient who has shoulder adhesive capsulitis in clinic.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tri-antibiotic paste (TAP) on microtensile bond strengths (MTBS) of dental adhesives to dentin. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted molars had their occlusal surfaces flattened to expose dentin. They were divided into two groups, i.e., control group with no dentin treatment and experimental group with dentin treatment with TAP. After 10 days, specimens were bonded using self-etch (Filtek P90 adhesive) or etch-and-rinse (Adper Single Bond Plus) adhesives and restored with composite resin. Teeth were sectioned into beams, and the specimens were subjected to MTBS test. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. Results: There was a statistically significant interaction between dentin treatment and adhesive on MTBS to coronal dentin (p = 0.003). Despite a trend towards worse MTBS being noticed in the experimental groups, TAP application showed no significant effect on MTBS (p = 0.064). Conclusions: The etch-and-rinse adhesive Adper Single Bond Plus presented higher mean bond strengths than the self-etch adhesive Filtek P90, irrespective of the group. The superior bond performance for Adper Single Bond when compared to Filtek P90 adhesive was confirmed by a fewer number of adhesive failures. The influence of TAP in bond strength is insignificant.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.433-442
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 브라켓 접착 시 산부식과 전처리 과정을 결합하여 접착 단계를 단순화시킨 self-etching primer (SEP)를 차용하는 경우 접착제 종류와 타액의 존재 유무에 따른 전단결합강도의 차이에 관하여 비교 연구 하는 것이다. 소의 하악 영구 전치를 포매하여 만든 시편을 접착제의 종류에 따라 레진 접착제와 레진 강화형 글래스 아이오노머 접착제를 이용한 군으로 나누었고 각각 37% 인산으로 산부식 후 기존의 본딩용 프라이머를 사용하여 접착한 군과, SEP를 사용하여 접착한 군으로 분류하고, 타액 오염 유무에 따라 다시 각 군을 분류하여 전단결합 강도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 레진 접착제로 브라켓을 부착한 경우 SEP를 사용하여 접착한 군의 전단결합강도는 인산 처리군에 비해 낮은데 비해 레진 강화형 글래스 아이오노머를 사용한 경우, 전처리법에 따른 전단결합강도는 통계적으로 유의한 차가 없었으며, 접착제의 종류에 관계없이 타액 오염이 존재 시에는 SEP를 사용한 군이 인산처리군에 비해 높은 전단결합강도를 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 SEP를 사용 시 레진 접착제와 레진 강화형 글래스 아이오노머 접착제 모두 임상적으로 사용 가능한 전단결합강도를 보였으며, 특히 타액에 오염된 치면에서도 SEP를 사용하여 브라켓을 접착하는 것은 적절한 결합강도를 얻을 수 있으므로 임상적으로 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.377-387
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• 2006

본 연구는 자가산부식 접착시스템과 자가산부식 프라이머 접착시스템의 다층적용이 혼성층 및 adhesive layer의 형성 양상, 그리고 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향 등을 비교 평가하기 위하여 시행되었다. 영구 구치 140개의 치아를 근원심으로 분할하여 협면 혹은 설면의 상아질을 이용하였다. 각 접착시스템을 1회, 2회, 3회 도포, 그리고 1회 도포 후 광중합한 후 1회의 추가 도포한 군으로 분류하였다. 전단결합강도와 혼성층 및 adhesive layer 두께를 측정하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 모든 접착제에서 도포횟수가 증가함에 따라 adhesive layer의 두께가 증가하였으며 (p<0.05), Adpor Prompt L-Pop과 Xeno III에서는 자가산부식 프라이머 시스템에서보다 작게 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. Adpor Prompt L-Pop에서 혼성층은 도포횟수에 따라 혼성층의 두께도 증가하였다(p<0.05). 3. Unifill Bond와 Clearfill SE Bond의 전단결합강도는 Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus와 Adpor Prompt L-Pop에서보다 높게 나타났으며 (p<0.05), Xeno III와는 유사하였다. 4. Adpor Prompt L-Pop은 접착제의 도포횟수가 증가함에 따라 전단결합강도는 유의하게 증가되었으며(p<0.05), AdheSE에서는 3회 도포한 경우 전단결합강도가 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p>0.05). 5. Adpor Prompt L-Pop과 Xeno III에서 첫 층을 중합한 후 두 번째 층을 추가 도포한 경우 전단결합강도는 감소하였다(p<0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 다른 표면 젖음성을 갖는 상아질에 대한 수종의 자가접착레진시멘트의 인장접착강도를 비교하고자 하는 것이다. 이번 실험을 위해 Rely-X Unicem (3M, ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), Embrace Wetbond (Pulpdent, Oakland, MA, USA), Maxcem (Kerr, Orange, CA, USA) 3 종의 자기접착레진시멘트를 사용하였다. 발거한 상, 하악 대구치 60개를 미세절단기 (Acutom P-50, Struers, Copenhagen, Benmark)를 이용해 한 치아에서 $2mm{\times}2mm{\times}7mm$의 치아 시편 두개씩 얻었다. 상아질 표면을 건조 그룹은 10초간 강한 공기로 건조시켰고, 습윤 그룹은 과잉의 수분을 2 초간 거즈로 압박해 제거하였다. 상아질 표면의 젖음성을 달리한 시편에 자가접착레진시멘트를 접착한 후 상온의 상대습도 100% 상태에서 24시간 보관했고, 만능시험기 (EZ Test, Shimadzu corporation, Kyoto, Japan)를 이용해 인장접착강도를 측정했고, 분리된 접착면의 파절양상을 근관 치료용 현미경 (OPMI pro, Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany)을 이용해 20 배의 배율로 관찰하였다. $SPSS^{TM}$ Ver 10.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA)을 사용하여 동일한 자가접착레진시멘트에서 상아질 젖음성에 따른 인장접착강도를 T-test로 비교하였으며, 각 자가접착레진시멘트간의 인장접착강도를 One way ANOVA test로 비교 분석하고 95% 유의수준에서 Scheffe's test로 사후검정 하였다. 실험 결과 자가접착레진시멘트의 인장접착강도는 상아질 젖음성에 영향을 받지 않았으며, 상아질 표면 젖음성과 상관없이 Maxcem의 인장접착강도가 Unicem과 Embrace의 인장접착강도보다 유의성 있는 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 또한 모든 시편의 분리된 접착면은 접착실패 양상을 나타내었다. 이상의 실험 결과로 볼 때 자가접착레진시멘트는 상아질 표면 젖음성에 상관없이 사용할 수 있을 것이라고 생각된다.