• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.217-228
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• 2001

Cancer survivor's self-help group may promote psychosocial adjustment in cancer patients. Self-transcendence has been shown to be related with crisis and adjustment in women with breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of self-transcendence promoting program to facilitate self-transcendence, physical, and emotional well-being in women with breast cancer. Thirty patients who received mastectomy were recruited, but 9 subjects of experimental group and 14 subjects of control group participated in this study. Subjects of experimental group attended the self-help group for self-transcendence once a week for 6 weeks. Each session of program was proceeded for 2hours and the program contained activities for promoting self-transcendence, stress management, communication skill, exercise and relaxation, symptom management, and family support. Data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires within seven days after mastectomy and after the program was finished in experimental group, within 7 days after mastectomy and after 3 months in control group. Self-transcendence was assessed using the self-transcendence scale (STS) developed by Reed. Physical well being was assessed using Symptom distress scale (SDS) developed by McCorkle and Young and emotional well being was assessed using Profile of mood states (POMS). As a result, no significant differences were found between both groups in changes of self-transcendence, emotional well-being, and physical well-being. Self-transcendence score was significantly decreased in control group (p =0.16). But that of experimental group showed no decrease. In conclusions, when the self-transcendence promoting program is provided to the patients with breast cancer, it can be helpful for promoting self- transcendence. For the further study, repeated research with appropriate sample size and more intensive nursing intervention to promote self-transcendence is suggested. And reassessment after 6 months is recommended for testing long term effects of the program.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 1997

Recently, much of attention has been given to the role of values in pro-environmental behaviors. The reasons are that most of environmental pollution comes from the home-living and polluting behavior is motivated by the undesirable value pursuing self-interests. This study is designed to investigate the effect of values on environmental behaviors. The results of this study are as following: Homemakers' value structure had 'self-transcendence·conservation' value, 'self-enhancement·conservation' value and 'openness-to-change' value as value factors. And the homemakers thought of self-transcendence·conservation value as "most important" and self-enhancement·conservation value as "not important". Consequently, homemakers had a tendency to do more pro-environmental behaviors when they perceived self-transcendence·conservation value as "more important value", while they did less when they regarded self-enhancement·conservation value as "more important". Therefor self-transcendence·whereas self-enhancement·conservation value is a negative predictor. Especially, self-transcendence·conservation value had more influence on pro-environmental behaviors than self-enhancement·conservation value.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.128-140
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a self-transcendence enhancement program and examine its effect on self-transcendence, spiritual well-being, and psychological well-being in elderly women who live alone. Methods: A self-transcendence enhancement program was developed through theory, literature review, and in-depth interviews. The theoretical framework came from the Psychoeducational Approach to Transcendence and Health intervention model based on Reed's middle-range theory of self-transcendence. The program consisted of multiple modalities in a structured, theory-based program lasting for eight weekly sessions. Using a single-group pretest-posttest design, the program was tested on a group of 40 elderly women aged 75 to 84 years living alone in Daejeon, Korea. Participants completed self-reported study questionnaires before and after the program at the elderly welfare center. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0, with significance level set at .05. Paired t-test was used to compare mean differences before and after the program. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 79.1 years. After completing the program, the participants showed higher levels of self-transcendence (t=8.78, p<.001), overall spiritual well-being (t=8.30, p=.002), religious spiritual well-being (t=1.79, p=.040), existential spiritual well-being (t=6.75, p=.002), and positive affect (t=3.77, p=.001) than they did before the program. They also reported lower levels of depression (t=-7.59, p<.001) and negative affect (t=-6.15, p<.001). Conclusion: The self-transcendence enhancement program developed in this study may be effective for improving the level of self-transcendence in elderly women living alone and helping them to attain spiritual and psychological well-being.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.480-489
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine self-transcendence, spiritual well-being, and death anxiety of elderly. Method: This was a descriptive survey study. Data were collected from March to June, 2013, from 243 elderly persons. Questionnaires were used in order to solicit information on self-transcendence, spiritual well-being, and death anxiety. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression were used in analysis of data. Results: Average scores were 2.96 for self-transcendence, 4.19 for spiritual well-being, and 3.08 for death anxiety. Statistically significant negative correlations were observed between self-transcendence and death anxiety, spiritual well-being and death anxiety. However, from the statistical point of view, significantly positive correlation was observed between self-transcendence and spiritual well-being.. Spiritual well-being, health status, and gender were significant predictors of self-transcendence. Conclusion: This study will provide basic information for use in development of a program to encourage a healthy lifestyle for elderly persons.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.595-605
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• 2000

This Qualitative nursing research used a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to discover meaning in an self-transcendence experience. The ultimate aim of the inquiry was to discover the essence of self-transcendence experience and to promote understanding. The study used van Manen's Methodology of phenmonological research. Multiple strategies for data collecting were utilized : in depth face-to-face interview and analysis of elders' literature. The following themes of experience emerged : Accepting becoming older as a natural phenomenon, transferring to one's own sons' and daughters' oriented life. Maintaining harmonious relationship with neighbors and peer, observing real situations with silence, forming internal integrity with perseverance, compromising own's real situation, actualizing one's death, giving up roots of life, depending on God and conforming to human limitation. From this study essential themes for understanding self-transcendence experience and needs for continuing inquiry were identified.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6679-6687
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• 2015

purpose : The purpose of this study was examine the effect of self-transcendence and loneliness on quality of life of the elderly. Method : This was a descriptive survey study. The subjects was 171 elderly persons. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression were used in analysis of data. Results : Average score were 2.7 for self-transcendence, 2.0 for loneliness, and 3.0 for quality of life. Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between quality of life and self-transcendence. however, from the statistical point view, significantly negative correlation was observed between quality of life and loneliness. self-transcendence, economic status, general health status, loneliness and spouse were significant predictors of quality of life. Conclusion : This study will provide basic information for use in development of a program to encourage a quality of life for elderly persons.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.139-158
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• 2018

Considering that the subject of innovation of SMEs is the CEO, it is very important to study the innovation behavior of the CEO at the individual level. The purpose of this study is to examine factors affecting innovation work behavior of SME CEOs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of self-compassion and self-transcendence on innovation work behavior, which are the emotional intelligence factors that show the psychological growth and potential of individual, and the career ambition and positive psychological capital did. In order to verify the research hypothesis, we analyzed 238 questionnaires collected from CEOs and executives of SMEs focused on auto parts and manufacturing. Factors affecting innovation behavior of SME CEO are summarized as follows. First, career ambition has a positive effect on positive psychological capital. Second, positive psychological capital has a positive effect on innovation work behavior. Third, self-compassion of CEO has positive influence on self - transcendence. Fourth, the self-transcendence of CEO has a positive effect on innovation work behavior. This study confirms the relationship between CEO career ambition, positive psychological capital, self-compassion, self-transcendence, and innovation work behavior of SME CEO and confirms the influence relationship between positive psychological capital and self-transcendence It is meaningful. Finally, theoretical and practical implications were discussed based on the results of the study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.212-220
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine self-transcendence, life satisfaction, and preference for end-of-life care in elderly patients. Method: This was a descriptive survey study. The study period was between August 2013 and October 2013 and included 208 elderly patients. Results: The average scores for self-transcendence, life satisfaction, and preference for end-of-life care were 2.79, 9.97, and 3.24, respectively. Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between self-transcendence and life satisfaction, decision making by health care professionals, spiritual area, family area. A positive correlation was observed between: (1) life satisfaction and spiritual area, (2) decision making by health care professionals and family area, and (3) decision making by health care professionals and pain area. Self-transcendence was a significant predictor of PCEOL. Conclusion: This study will provide basic information for use in the development of a program to encourage self- transcendence and life satisfaction, as well as to consider the elder's autonomy, pain control, and spirituality as important factors at the end-of-life care.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2007

Objectives : Recently, many authors investigated the relation of temperament and character to seasonality and the genetic factors in seasonality and personality. In this study, we investigated the relation between personality structure obtained from the psychobiological Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and self-reported seasonal variations in mood and behavior measured by the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). Methods : 600 high-school students who live in Seoul of Korea, were participated in this study. Subjects were surveyed with the Korean translation of the SPAQ of Rosenthal, an instrument for investigating mood and behavioral changes with respect to the seasons of the you. Korean version of the TCI of Cloninger was also used for assessment of personality. Results : Female students were significantly higher scores on harm avoidance, reward dependence, and cooperativeness than male students who had significant higher scores on persistence and self·transcendence than the formers. GSS were showed positive correlation with harm avoidance and self-transcendence, and negative correlation with cooperativeness and self-directedness. By employing logistic regressions, the regression coefficients of SAD were significantly negative in SD, and positive in ST. Also, the regression coefficients of S-SAD were significantly negative in CO, and positive in ST. Those with GSS at least 11 were significantly higher mean ST values compared to the remaining individuals, and those with worst in winter were significantly lower mean CO values compared to the remaining individuals. Those who considered the seasonality as a problem at least to a moderate degree were associated with high HA and ST. Conclusion : We add the evidence that the seasonality is related to the temperament and character. Although there have been many reports about the seasonality in relation to the temperament and character in foreign countries, there has been very limited report from Korea before. We hope that this result would be a helpful in the clinical field in Korea.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.219-228
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the learning styles with personalities of medical students which may affect the efficiency of teaching-learning system of clinical education to determine the association with the clinical performance examination achievement of the students. The learning styles and personality traits of 147 students of medical college were investigated. The obtained data were analyzed by statistical analysis including independent t-test and correlation analysis. The results of the analyses are as follows: there was significant difference in the participation model in the different genders; of the personality traits, there was significant difference in self-transcendence in the different genders, whereas there was significant difference in the persistence for past failure experiences; and there was significant association between the 6 sub-learning models(Independent vs. Dependent, Collaborative vs. Competitive, and Participant vs. Avoidant learning styles) and the personality traits(Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, Persistence, Self-directedness, Cooperativeness and Self-transcendence). In addition, the participant type of students had higher scholastic achievements in clinical performance, and the students who scored high in self-transcendence and persistence also had higher clinical performance. In conclusion, the student's learning style and personalities affected the clinical scholastic performance. We believe that considering this current study, it would be possible to improve the quality of clinical education of medical teaching as well as helping medical students to choose career paths that are suitable for their personalities.