• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.359-371
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to identify the core concepts and structure of difficult experiences of charge nurses in general hospitals. Methods: Data were collected from August 1 to September 5, 2014. Participants were 10 nurses from general hospitals in D and S cities. Parse research method was applied to examine lived experiences of the participants. The procedure of study was based on dialogical engagement and data were analyzed by extraction-synthesis and interpreted heuristically. The research question was "Would you tell me about your difficult experiences as a charge nurse?" Results: Job-related difficulties of the charge nurses were conflicts due to ineffective communication, heavy workload, not feeling respected, role conflict, and struggling to overcome difficulties with sense of responsibility to the work. The conceptual integration was: to be in the process of being originated and transformed through connecting-separating and enabling-limiting with valuing. Conclusion: Structural conversion of these concepts reveals that charge nurses suffer from the job-related difficulties identified in this study, but they endure to proceed with a sense of mission. It is suggested that supportive interventions should be made to let charge nurses express their feelings, identify their needs, and develop self-care or coping skills for themselves.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2007

Many scholars, clinicians and faculties of music therapy have dealt various issues on educational and clinical curricula for training music therapists. Depending on the philosophical orientations of educational institutes, the emphasis are different. The purpose of this paper is to examine and identify the areas for competency for gaining qualification in music therapy by reviewing the definitions of music therapy from the academic and professional perspectives; discipline-based, practice-based, and intrapersonal competency. The unique characteristics of music therapy as a professional discipline should be reflected in its curriculum and training content. Educational strategies need to be formulated to strengthen intrapersonal competency. The paper also discussed the consequential gains accordant with intrapersonal competency such as personal self-help skills using musical resources and coping with burnouts.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.59-68
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between university students' dental fear and their psychological hardiness and subjective well-being, promote positive awareness of and access to dental service, and develop a plan for continuous oral health care. To collect data, convenience sampling of college students in North Jeolla Province was performed, and they were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire from May 1 to 30, 2017. Dental fear was negatively correlated with both psychological hardiness and subjective well-being, and psychological hardiness and subjective well-being were positively correlated with each other. University students' dental fear, psychological hardiness, and subjective well-being were found to be correlated with one another; therefore, dental clinics need to apply a positive style of coping, taking into account psychological responses suitable for clinical competence on the basis of satisfactory communication, with the objective of promoting oral health.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.425-431
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine validity of developed Logo-Autobiography for College students (LAC). The LAC was developed based on Frankl's logotherapy and Logo-Autobiography program for middle-aged women. Eleven college students participated in 6 sessions of LAC after 3 psychiatric nurse practitioners confirmed content validity of the program. Focus group interviews were conducted to identify participation experiences and to examine validity of the program sessions. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis method. A total of 9 themes were emerged from the data; 1)Realizing my existence, 2)Discovering my uniqueness of existence, 3)Thinking my future, 4)Experiences of encounter, 5)My uniqueness, 6)Experiences of successful coping, 7)Realizing freedom of attitude choice, 8)Needs of self-transcendence, and 9)Discovering my existence. The emerged 9 themes were all evaluated to be consistent with the objectives and topics of each session. We suggest a randomized experimental study to examine effects of LAC on college students' mental health.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.359-370
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify effects of the variables of Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Model on physical activity. Methods: This study has conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Sixteen articles were searched through electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of science, Science Direct, RISS, KMBASE, KoreaMed, KISS, DBpia) and additional journals from 2000 to July, 2017. To estimate the effect size (ES), the meta-analysis of the studies was performed by using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis programs. Results: The overall effect size of the variables of HAPA on physical activity was median (ES=.28). Of the core variables of HAPA model, action control (ES=.43) showed the largest effect size, followed by coping self-efficacy (ES=.31) and planning (ES=.31).Additional variables were identified as preparatory behavior (ES=.39) and past physical activity (ES=.24). Through the moderator effect analysis, the effect size was higher in the volitional phase than in the motivational phase, and higher in the healthy group than in the patient group. The higher the proportion of males and the lower the age, the larger the effect size. Conclusion: This finding shows empirical evidence that all core variables of the HAPA model are useful for predicting physical activity. We propose the use of the HAPA model to develop physical activity promotion intervention.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2001

Objective : To investigate the sources, extent and related factors in South Korean doctors. Methods : The study subjects were 934 doctors in Taegu, Kyungpook Province, Korea(540 independent practitioners, 105 employed at hospitals and 289 residents in training). Information concerning job stress was obtained using a 9-item questionnaire. Information regarding related factors such as demographic characteristics(age, sex, marital status), perceptions on the socioeconomic status of doctors and working conditions(work time, on-call days per week) was also obtained by self-administered questionnaire during April and May, 2000. Results : Major sources of job stress included clnical responsibility/judgement factor, patient factor and work loading factor. The job stress score of residents was the highest among three groups. The score was lower in older doctors. The score was low among those who thought doctors' socioeconomic status was not good. The longer the work time, the higher the job stress score was. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to control for the mutual influence of independent variables. In regression analysis, the score of residents was higher than practitioners. Work time and socioeconomic status perception had negative effects on job stress score. Conclusion : The average job stress score of the doctors was high. Age, work type, working conditions and perceptions of socioeconomic status were found to besignificantly related to job stress score. Although the job stress of doctors is somewhat inevitable due to the nature of the doctor's job, control of work time, development of coping tools and other intervention methods are needed to reduce job stress of doctors. Further studies are required to understand the characteristics of iob stress and reduce the job stress of doctors.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.231-244
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for nursing intervention to enhance quality if life in women having hysterectomies. Data was collected using a self-report questionnaire from 205 women having hysterectomies at the outpatient clinics of four general hospitals and a mail survey in Pusan City. Reliability of eight instrument's was tested with Cronbach's alpha which ranged from .601-.901. The data were analyzed by percentage, mean, SD, Pearson's Correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regression by using the SPSS 7.5 WIN Program. The results are as follows: 1) The average score for the quality of life was 74.33(score range 23-92). 2) There was a significant correlation between the predictive variables on quality of life. The most significant correlation was sexual identity(r=.516, p=.000). 3) When quality if life score was entered into the equation as the dependent variable, 7variables explaining 54.5% of the variation in quality if life score. Sexual identity was the main predictor of quality of life and accounted for 24.6% of the variance in quality of life. 4) When physical domain score was entered into equation as the dependent variable, 5variables explaining 29.2% of the variation in physical domain score. 5) When psychological domain score was entered into the equation as the dependent variable, 5variables explaining 46.0% of the variation in psychological domain score. 6) When sexual life domain score was entered into the equation as the dependent variable, 6variables explaining 39.4% of the variation in sexual life domain score. In conclusion, sexual identity, pre-operational symptom, sense of loss, spouse's support, age, professional support, coping behavior were identified as important variables in the quality of life in women having hysterectomies.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.7
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• pp.55-89
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• 2009

This article aims to critically review recent U. S. RMA-centered theories of warfare having prevailed after the 1991-92 Gulf War upon which the current ROKA military transformation project, the Vision 2020, largely based. In order to evaluate validity as a universal warfighing theory of NCW (Network Centric Warfare) and EBO (Effects-Based Operations), this article reviews the intrinsic strength and weakness of the theories as well as results of several recent wars that the U. S. Army conducted based on doctrines derived form such theories, In addition, this article examines the impact of certain military technology or weapon system in some well-known historical wars to draw lessons regarding the relationship between technology(weapon system) and military victory. Historical examples has shown that victories in war were not achieved by new technologies alone in most cases. Rather military victories tended to owe to combination of new technology, original doctrine and well conceived organization. Although the U. S. Armed Forces showed brilliant records of operational successes anchored on the system of PGMs and NCW concepts in Iraq (1991-92; 2003) and Afghanistan (2001-02), it must be pointed out that the operational successes did not bring about political ones in cases of Iraq and Afghanistan. It reminds us of perils of too technologically tilted approach to the conduct of war. In sum, one ought to recognize that superior technology nowadays became a necessary condition of success but is not yet a sufficient condition, the ROKA needs to be abreast with development trends of military technologies and related theoretical concepts, it need not too be in a hurry in adopting cutting edged war-making technologies at the expense of large amount of budget. The essay recommends for the ROKA several basic requirements for coping with conduct of future wars as well as establishing a 'Korean style military thought'; (1) Recognition of importance of technology in conduct of war; (2) Imposition of officer self-study hours in working days; (3) Establishing a lifestyle of military professionalism in the Korean officer corps; (4) Setting up small or large groups of think-tanks that are specialized in army doctrinal formulation.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.205-217
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• 2004

This study conducted a survey with the 67 students who are in their 2nd year at 3 vocational high schools. The researcher of this study developed and operated the smoking cessation program based on the Transtheoretical model. To evaluate the effects, experiments were repeatedly done. The data were collected from June 21, 2004 till July 9, 2004. The survey was done based on the questionnaire-interview before and after education. The collected date was computerized by using SPSS-WIN 10.0 program. The results are as follows: Firstly. before education, the smoking cessation stage of change shows precontemplation stage $37.3\%$, preparation stage $37.3\%$, and contemplation stage $25.4\%$ respectively. However, after education it shows preparation stage $44.8\%$, action stage $25.4\%$, contemplation stage $19.4\%$, precontemplation stage $10.4\%$. The positive result was $62.7\%$ and smoking cessation stage of change made a 0.9 step increase. Secondly, process of change rose in all the areas except helping relationship. It also shows statistical improvement in all the fields except the dramatic relief of the experiential process, the helping relationship of behavioral process and stimulus control Thirdly, negative affective situation temptation, positive social situation temptation, and habitual strength temptation's average points decreased but showed statistical differences. Weight control temptation's average points decreased after education but didn't show statistical differences. Self efficiency increased measurably after education. Fourthly, concerning the social pros and coping pros caused by smoking, the average points were low after education and showed statistic decrease. As for the cons due to smoking, the average points increased but didn't show any statistical differences. In conclusion, thanks to the smoking cessation program applied by the Transtheoretical model, the smoking rate of vocational high school students became low and their smoking temptation also dropped considerably. In conclusion, while the pros for smoking were lessened, its corns were heightened through the educational awareness offered by this program.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.289-302
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• 1997

The main purpose of this study was to identify the effects of integrated stress management program on the stress symptoms of psychophysiological patients. especially patients with peptic ulcer. The study employed a quasi-experimental design using two different experimental groups. The samples in the integrated stress management program participated in autogenic training with biofeedback. discussions on effective coping method. cognitive. behavioral, and emotional management. They were also provided with an educational booklet on stress management and an tape on progressive muscie relaxation. Each session lasted one hour and the program consisted of seven sessions over four weeks. The other group was only given an tape on progressive muscle relaxation. The data were collected from May 20 to september 25, 1996. A total 47 patients from one university hospital located in Seoul participated, experiment group 1(integrated stress management training) had 23 subjects and experiment group 2(progressive muscle relaxation training) had 24 subjects. The effects of these programs were measured by the stress symptom scale developed by Kogan(1991) which was translated by Lee(1992) and the healing status of the ulcer evaluated by a physician. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test, t- test, ANOVA, repeated measure ANOVA. The result are as follows : 1. The integrated stress management group reported a significantly lower stress symptom score than the group given the progressive muscle relaxation only. 2. The integrated stress management group showed a significantly improved ulcer status as compared to the group given a progressive muscle relaxation only. In conclusion, it was found that the integrated stress management program was more effective in decreasing self-reported stress and physiological symptoms among patients with peptic ulcer as compared to the progressive muscle relaxation group. Based on this finding, the following suggestions can be made. 1. It is necessary to broaden the scope of nursing practice for psychophysiological patients so nurses can include stress management as part of patient care. 2. It is necessary to develop stress management program for other patients whose symptoms are known to be related to stress. 3. It is necessary to replicated this study with a larger sample in different settings.