• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2010

The research which needs when the traffic accident occurs, the assailant and the victim as the assault person the gain and loss as the damage person does in necessity. Produces shame information which is scientific about the traffic accident which occurs, importance in the effect of visual, about the program which based on the fact that provides the tool which is used from the process which reappears an accident embodies is a thing in the objective self-acknowledgement assailant and the victim. From the research which sees traffic accident site easily, will compose and the fact that applies according to in necessary accident investigation process of the simulation program will be able to reappear goal. From the insurance company and the police station expressed the frame about traffic accident and the sample result to apply reappears from the side of visual the application value was expected with the tool which appropriate in accident control is easy very and is.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.136-152
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to summarize trends and status of nursing research utilizing experimental designs in the Journal of Rheumatology Health over the past 10 years. Method: The Journal of Rheumatology Health published 37 experimental research articles between 1994 and 2004. These articles were included in a retrospective descriptive analysis. A checklist was utilized for data collection. Results: Qoasi-experimental researches were more frequent than pre-experimental research, but there were 8 research studies which had no hypothesis. The most frequently used nursing interventions were exercise/movement, and cognitive, followed by sensitive, and social interventions. There were very few research studies that used random assignment for internal validity. The rate of effectiveness of self-help interventions was lower than socio-psychological, cognitive, or motor-physical interventions. There was no research regarding families of patients with rheumatoid disease. Conclusion: Rigorous experimental research design is needed for internal and external validity in future research. Generalizing the effects of nursing interventions that are the results of rigorous experimental designs will contribute to promote the quality of life of patients with rheumatism and their families.

• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2014

In this paper new air-cooling system utilizing Stirling engine was proposed for improving efficiency in solar photovoltaic power generation. The solar cell plate was equipped with semi-circular channel for air flow on the backside. Beta-type Stirling engine was installed on the plate and its flywheel was connected to a motor fan by a transmission belt. A forced convective air flow for heat radiation was generated by the operation of the self-starting Stirling engine. The performance tests for power generation of solar cell with or without the proposed air-cooling system were conducted under halogen lamp. From the experimental results, it was found that decline in output voltage of the solar cell with proposed cooling system was 25% less than that of the solar cell without cooling system.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.41-45
• /
• 2006

This paper deals with human spatial cognition using visual and auditory stimulation. More specially, this investigation is to observe the relationship between the head and the eye motor system for the localization of visual target direction in space and to try to describe what is the role of right-side versus left-side pinna. In the experiment of visual stimulation, nineteen red LEDs (Luminescent Diodes, Brightness: $210\;cd/^2$) arrayed in the horizontal plane of the surrounding panel are used. Here the LEDs are located 10 degrees apart from each other. Physiological parameters such as EOG (Electro-Oculography), head movement, and their synergic control are measured by BIOPAC system and 3SPACE FASTRAK. In the experiment of auditory stimulation, one side of the pinna function was distorted intentionally by inserting a short tube in the ear canal. The localization error caused by right and left side pinna distortion was investigated as well. Since a laser pointer showed much less error (0.5%) in localizing target position than FASTRAK (30%) that has been generally used, a laser pointer was used for the pointing task. It was found that harmonic components were not essential for auditory target localization. However, non-harmonic nearby frequency components was found to be more important in localizing the target direction of sound. We have found that the right pinna carries out one of the most important functions in localizing target direction and pure tone with only one frequency component is confusing to be localized. It was also found that the latency time is shorter in self moved tracking (SMT) than eye alone tracking (EAT) and eye hand tracking (EHT). These results can be used in further study on the characterization of human spatial cognition.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.255-275
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to construct a rating scale of infant and toddler development for the use of teachers in their observations of children during daily activities. The scale consists of 201 items measuring motor, self-help, socio-communicative, socio-emotional, and cognitive development. Quality, reliability and validity were examined with the use of a nation-wide sample of 1,245 children from classes of 1- and 2-year-olds. Tests on validity and reliability were high in terms of content validity evaluated by early childhood professionals, concurrent validity with the Bayley Scale, internal consistency among raters, and test-retest reliability. Factor analysis showed that the developmental areas of infants and toddlers are not clearly differentiated but are interrelated with each other. The scale was standardized by providing nation-wide norms with raw scores, percentiles, and standardized scores.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 2020

PURPOSE: Cerebral palsy is a common cause of disability in children, requiring constant rehabilitation. Improving balance in children with cerebral palsy helps to alleviate daily movement and the quality of life. This study examines a program that combines Resistance Exercise and Group Exercise, and investigates the effect on trunk control ability, balance ability, maximum grip strength, and quality of life of children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: Totally, 9 children with cerebral palsy participated in this study. Resistance exercise was performed for 8 weeks, 40 minutes every day. Group Exercise was conducted for 8 weeks, 40 minutes each Sunday. All participants were evaluated by the Korean version of the trunk control measurement scale, pediatric reach test, grip strength test, and KIDSCREEN-52. RESULTS: The trunk control ability was significantly improved in all subcategories (p < .05). In the pediatric reach test, the left and right directions were significantly improved (p < .05). Maximum grip strength was significantly improved in both hands (p < .05). The quality of life significantly improved in total score, physical well-being, general moods, self-perception, autonomy, relationship with parents, and home life (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Considering the encouraging results, we propose to use Resistance Exercise and Group Exercise as programs other than rehabilitation treatment in hospitals, to improve motor function and quality of life of children with cerebral palsy.

• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2020

Objective : There have been limited scientific studies differentiating those who attempt suicide from those who think about suicide but do not attempt suicide. Altered event-related potential (ERP) performance, such as GoNogo ERP has been regarded as the neurocognitive processes associated with behavioral inhibition and poor impulse control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between Nogo ERP and suicide attempt. Methods : A total of 63 participants (33 participants with suicide ideation and 30 with suicide attempt) were recruited, and performed GoNogo tasks during the electroencephalogram measurement. Depression, anxiety, emotional regulation and impulsivity were evaluated by self-rating scales. The clinical measures and Nogo P3 component were compared between the groups. The correlational analyse was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the clinical characteristics and the Nogo P3 component. Results : Participants with suicide attempt significantly decreased the Nogo P3 amplitudes at the frontal-central electrode than participants with suicide ideation (p=0.004, FDR adjusted p=0.032). In the correlation analysis, the Nogo P3 amplitude at frontal-central electrode was correlated with the total score of the Barrett impulsivity scale (r=-0.383, p=0.002), attentional impulsivity (r=-0.365, p=0.003) and motor impulsivity (r=-0.389, p=0.002) subscales of the Barrett impulsivity scale. Conclusion : These findings suggest that the decreased Nogo P3 amplitude may be one of the candidates of biological marker for poor impulse control in those who attempt suicide.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.231-239
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of study was to identify how patients experienced chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and quality of life related to CIPN. Methods: This was a descriptive research. We collected data from 105 patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. They completed a self-reported questionnaire including Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (EORTC) CIPN20 and items related to their disease and peripheral neuropathy. The investigators filled in part of items about disease and treatment. Results: In the study, duration of peripheral neuropathy was 9.4 month and 54.3% of patients used pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions. Patients reported the highest score for sensory scale and it's score was $38.74{\pm}20.24$. The scores for motor scale and autonomic scale were $21.95{\pm}19.19$ and $26.61{\pm}21.0$ respectively. This showed that patients more suffered from sensory neuropathy than any other domain of neuropathy. The most frequently selected two items were 'did you have tingling fingers or hands?' and 'did you have tingling toes or feet?'. Conclusion: The results of this study will provide useful information for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.131-144
• /
• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of degrees of freedom on the multi-synergies in two hierarchies of human hand system during force production and releasing tasks. Method: In this study, the constrained movements of the aiming and releasing actions using both hands and fingers during archery-like shooting were implemented as experimental tasks. The participants produced a pulling force holding the customized frame (mimicking an archery bow, with a set of force transducers) and kept it consistently for about 5 seconds, and released fingers as quickly as possible in a self-paced manner within the next 5 seconds. An analytical method based on the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis was used to quantify the stability index (synergy index) in two hierarchies including two hands (upper hierarchy) and individual fingers (lower hierarchy). Results: The results confirmed that the positive synergy pattern showed simultaneously at the upper and lower hierarchies, and the kinetic degrees of freedom were associated with the increment of hierarchical synergy indices and the performance indices. Also, the synergy indices of both hierarchies showed significant positive correlations with the performance accuracy during the task. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the human control system actively uses extra degrees of freedom to stabilize task performance variables. Further increasing the degree of freedom at one level of hierarchy induces positive interactions across hierarchical control levels, which in turn positively affects the accuracy and precision of task performance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the present current study was to examine control of upper limb multi-joint movements with differential coordination stability. To achieve the goals of the study, torque analyses were utilized to answer questions about how torque components were differed among various elbow-wrist coordination patterns. Methods: Eight self-reported right-handed college students (3 males and 5 females, mean age=20.6 yr) were volunteered. The task required participants to rhythmically coordinate the flexion-extension motions of their elbow and wrist with coordination relationship of $0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, and $180^{\circ}$relative phases between the two joints. Mean relative phase and phase stability (standard deviation of relative phase) were computed to for analysisze of overall coordination performance. To determine the figure out characteristics of torque components in elbow and wrist joints, impulse values of muscle torque (MT) and interactive torque (IT) and MT as a percentage of cycle duration (MT-PCD) were analyzed. Results: Torque results showed that the proximal elbow joint generated motions with mainly muscle efforts regardless of coordination patterns, while the distal wrist joint adjusted the coordination patterns by changing amount of MT. Impulse analyses showed that the least stable $90^{\circ}$ pattern was performed by utilizing a similar coordination strategy of the most stable $0^{\circ}$ pattern. Conclusion: The present current study suggests that the roles of distal and proximal joints differ in order to achieve various multi-joint coordination movements. This study provides information for use in gives an idea to development of rehabilitation or training programs for to persons with an impaired upper limb motor ability.