• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the preliminary effects of the Peer Relationship Enhancement Program in adolescents deemed to be in an at-risk group for Internet and smartphone addiction. Methods: The study group consisted of 33 adolescent participants (24 boys and 9 girls) at risk of Internet and smartphone addiction in small and medium-sized cities. The subjects participated in 8 consecutive sessions of the Peer Relationship Enhancement Program. The Korean Internet Addiction Proneness Scale, the Korean Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale, the Real-Ideal Self Discrepancy Scale, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Peer Intimacy Scale, and the Escaping from the Self Scale were evaluated before the initial and after the final session. A paired t-test was performed to statistically analyze the data. Results: The Peer Relationship Enhancement Program led to a significant decrease (p<0.05) in self-reported measures of The Korean Internet Addiction Proneness Scale, the Korean Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale, and the Real-Ideal Self Discrepancy Scale. Conclusion: The Peer Relationship Enhancement Program reduces the risk of Internet and smartphone addiction and effectively prevents the associated problems.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 외모 관련 사회문화적 태도와 사회적 압박감, 스트레스가 신체상 불일치에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위함이다. 연구 대상자로 C시와 A시 4년제 대학에 다니는 대학생 363명을 표집하였다. 구조화된 자가보고 설문지를 통해 2016년 10월 27일부터 12월 9일까지 자료를 수집하였다. 자료분석을 위해 SPSS 20.0 통계 프로그램의 기술 통계 및 상관 분석, 다중 회귀분석을 적용하였다. 연구결과에서 신체상 불일치 정도는 여학생의 외모 관련 사회문화적 태도(r=.406, p=.006), 친구에 의한 압박감(r=.197, p<.001), 부모에 의한 압박감(r=.176, p=.002), 스트레스(r=.218, p<.001)와 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 신체상 불일치는 친구에 의한 압박감(${\beta}=.159$, p=.007), 스트레스(${\beta}=.186$, p=.002), BMI(${\beta}=.186$, p=.002)가 증가할수록 높게 나타났으며, 이 변수들은 대상자의 신체상 불일치에 대해 10.9%의 설명력을 보였다. 따라서 신체상 불일치를 줄이기 위해서는 대학생들이 건강 유지 목적으로 체중과 스트레스 관리를 할 수 있게 하고, 타인의 시선이나 평가로 인해 상처받지 않고, 긍정적인 자기 인식을 가질 수 있도록 하는 보건교육 및 건강증진 프로그램 개발이 요구된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.216-226
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• 2022

Background: The amount of smoking in adolescence increases with a younger age of smoking initiation and affects physical health. To establish and evaluate smoking-related policies, it is important to determine actual smoking status. Validation of self-reported questionnaires can identify the accuracy of the questionnaire data reflecting smoking status. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of self-reported smoking status and identify factors affecting the accuracy of self-reported smoking in South Korean adolescents. Methods: This study investigated the consistency between cotinine concentrations and self-reported questionnaire data through the analysis of urine samples collected from 922 adolescents aged 13~18 among the participants of Cycle 3 of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey. Smoking status was classified using the cotinine cut-off point of 39.85 ㎍/L in adolescents, and factors affecting the accuracy were analyzed through multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The smoking rates according to the self-reported questionnaire and cut-off point-based cotinine concentrations among adolescents were 3.1% and 5.1%, respectively. The results found 97.1% consistency between self-reported smokers and smokers according to cotinine concentration. Factors affecting the discrepancy showed a significant relationship, including gender, secondhand smoke, and use of e-cigarettes. Conclusions: The results can be used as basic data to establish a smoking policy for adolescents through continuous monitoring and improvement of questionnaire items of factors affecting the discrepancy.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

Background : Diabetes mellitus is chronic condition which needs patients' understanding of disease status and effort for disease control. We investigated whether the patients' estimation for blood glucose control was reliable or not comparing with their HbA1C value, Method: Among people who visited one health promotion center in Seoul from 1995 to 2003,those who answered as having diabetes mellitus on self reported questionnaire were identified. Subsequent question was whether his or her diabetes was well controlled or not. We compared these replies with their HbA1C values. When their HbA1C values were below7% with answering not well controlled, we analyzed if there was any variable which can predict the discrepancy. And the same analyze we did for the opposite situation. Result: A total of 1193 patients were eligible. Those who answered as well controlled formed32.9% of the group with HbA1C values above 7%. In the cases with well controlled though significantly associated with this discrepancy, Conclusion: Considerable proportion of diabetic patients' estimation for diabetic control status was not matched with glycemic control guideline. For successful management of diabetes mellitus, more efforts for patient education and communication skills are essential.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of self-ligating brackets (SBs) and other factors that influence orthodontic treatment outcomes. Methods: This two-armed cohort study included consecutively treated patients in a private practice. The patients were asked to choose between SBs and conventional brackets (CBs); if any patient did not have a preference, he or she was randomly allocated to the CB or SB group. All patients were treated using an identical archwire sequence. Evaluated parameters were as follows: treatment duration, number of bracket failures, poor oral hygiene, poor elastic wear, extraction, use of orthodontic mini-implants (OMI), OMI failure, American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) Discrepancy Index (DI), arch length discrepancy, and ABO Cast-Radiograph Evaluation (CRE) score. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to generate the equation for prediction of the CRE. Results: The final sample comprised 134 patients with an average age of 22.73 years. The average DI, CRE, and treatment duration were 21.81, 14.25, and 28.63 months, respectively. Analysis of covariance showed a significant difference in CRE between the CB and SB groups after adjusting for the effects of confounding variables. Stepwise regression analysis using four variables, namely extraction, SB use, poor elastic wear, and additional appliance use, could explain only 25.2% of the variance in the CRE. Conclusions: Although the CRE was significantly better for CBs than for SBs, the clinical significance of this result seems to be limited. Extraction, SB use, poor elastic wear, and additional appliance use may have significant effects on treatment outcomes.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.2197-2202
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• 2020

Background: If there is a difference in leg length, the center of gravity shifts unilaterally toward the short leg, causing loss of balance and secondary postural imbalance, trunk muscle tone changes, gait abnormalities and pelvic imbalance. Objectives: To investigate effects of self exercise program on leg length, balance in adults with leg-length discrepancy. Design: Single blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty-eight participants were selected and divided into resistance exercise, flexibility exercise, and core exercise. Each exercise was performed for 40 minutes, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Leg length and balance before and after exercise were measured and analyzed. Results: Following the interventions, resistance exercise group showed significant improvement in balance, but leg length difference did not show significant results. Flexibility exercise group showed significant improvement in leg length difference, but balance did not show significant results. Core exercise group showed significant improvement in leg length difference and balance. There was no significant difference in the comparison between the three groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that customized exercise according to the patient's level is beneficial to the patients.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2020

This research aimed at studying the role of self-enhancing imagery and self goal-achievement emotion in the effect of characteristics perceived at advertisements using multisensory cues on purchase intention. Sports shoes advertisement was selected as an empirical research object. Questionnaire survey method was used to collect data. 'WenJuanXing' site was used to make the questionnaire in Chinese, and it was loaded on WeChat and QQ. 260 participants from different regions of China participated in online questionnaire survey. The results of testing the hypotheses by structural equation model in Amos 21.0 program are summarized as followings. The congruency between multisensory cues and self-discrepancy awareness positively evoked the self-enhancing imagery and the self goal-achievement emotion. The object relevance between the consumer and the product advertised did not induce the emotion, but evoked the self-enhancing imagery. Both of the self-enhancing imagery and the self goal-achievement emotion had positive effects on the product purchase intention. When developing advertisement, marketers should focus on multisensory cues' characteristics to enhance the self-enhancing imageries as well as to help feel the goal-achievement emotion. They should pay attention to the ways by which the multisensory cues' characteristics used to develop advertisement can be perceived to be congruent with each other by consumers.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 1995

Primary health care(PHC) has been established since A Health Law for rural residents has been legislated in 1980 following the WHO declaration, 'Health for All 2000'. in 1978. PHC services are presently assumed to be provided by 2038 Community Health Practitioners(CHP) to about 28% out of rural population in Korea. Most CHPs have confronted the adaptation process to the community being practiced although a CHP's role is to evoke community participation for the improvement of their health by themselves. So the purpose of this study is to describe and explain of the commitment of CHPs into the community. Data were collected by direct interview and tape-recording under subjects' permission till theoretical saturation were occured from 6 CHPs. The subjects were 41 years old and have served in the community for 9 years in average. Main questions and concepts were explored from data according to the procedure of the grounded theory methodology. The results are as follows. 1) The number of the main concepts were twenty four that identified Motive, Desire, Personal characteristics, Unfamiliarity, Denial, Feeling of isolation, Self-sacrifice, Kindness, Patience, Assimilation, Respect for the residents, Support by the family, Support by the residents, Achievement, Acceptance of realities, Use of resources, Inducement of cooperation from the residents, Changes of the difference from time orientation between CHP and residents, Attitude as a official, Technical support, Cost management, Satisfaction level, Acknowledgement by the residents and discrepancy. 2) The twenty four concepts were categorized to seven groups such as Motivation, Feeling of Heterogeneity, Self-discipline, Social support, Induced changes in the attitudes of residents, Familarity and Persistent discrepancy. 3) The categorized groups were analyzed on the base of the Causal Conditions, Central Phenomena, Contexts, Intervening Conditions, Action / Interaction Strategies, and Consequences. Central phenomenon in this study was identified to be the feeling of heterogeneity. Community health practitioners experienced unfamiliarity and denial from the community and felt themselves isolated in the first. In time, they won the trust of residents by their efforts including self-sacrifice, kindness, patience, and assimilation. Afterward, practitioners got self-confidence and familiarity with lesser feeling of heterogeneity. Nevertheless, practitioners could not commit themselves completely because of the persistent discrepancy between CHP and residents. 4) On the commitment process, the CHPs' feeling of heterogeneity were decresed and social support increesed and newly evolved induced change of residents through the continuous interaction between CHP and them The contribution of this study would be concluded as follows. 1) It is expected that effective strategies for more rapid committment into the community can be developed based on this study. 2) More easy committment would be possible for the newly appointed CHP through understanding of the committment process identified on this study.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2010

연구목적 : 자기신체상은 자아존중감과 체중조절행위와 밀접한 연관이 있고 특히 여자 청소년에서는 중요한 관련이 있다고 알려져있다. 이 연구는 체질량지수로 측정한 신체이미지와 식이장애와 연관된 비정상식이행동이 우울증과 자살사고에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 : 서울 한 지역의 고등학교 여학생 239명을 대상으로 체질량지수를 측정하고, 청소년을 위한 식이태도검사(Eating Attitude Test for Korean Adolescents), 자아존중감척도, 충동성척도, 벡 우울척도, 벡 자살사고 척도를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 연구대상에서 식이장애 위험군은 총 10%(24명)이었다. 대조군에 비해 우울증상을 강하게 경험하고 있었고 현재 체질량지수와 이상적 체질량지수의 차이가 클수록 우울감, 자살사고, 비정상적 식이행동의 정도가 커지고 자아존중감은 낮아졌다. 그중에서 체질량지수의 차이가 통계적으로 가장 의미있는 예측인자였다. 결 론 : 연구대상군이 전체적으로 정상체중 범위임에도 불구하고, 현재의 체형과 이상적 체형사이의 괴리가 클수록 우울과 자살사고가 컸다. 여자 청소년의 식이장애 발생과 우울, 자살사고의 예방을 위해 체중조절, 정상식이습관에 대한 교육적 접근이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 복식
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• 제31권
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• pp.165-188
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• 1997

This study aims at 1) examining the perceived importance of clothing norms 2) examining relationship between perceptions of clothing norms clothing behavior and psycho-logical variables-ego identity(uniqueness and self acceptance) and sex role identity and 3) ascertaining any significant differences in the level of the perceived importance of clothing norms among variables-sex role identity and the uniqueness in psychological variables-and which variables are influencingon perception of clothing norms. The perception of cloth in norms inventory clothing norms inventory clothin behavior inventory ego identity in-ventory and the Bem Sex Role Inventory were administered to 620 college students. Sex role identity was classified into androgynous mas-culine feminine and undifferentiated type. Subjects were asked to rate each statement on the clothing norms under two kinds of instructions: their attitudes(TATT) and their beliefs about the expectations of others toward clothing norms(TBEO). 1) The scores of 3 TBEO of the students were higher than the scores of TATT. But the scores of TBEO concerning modesty of students were lower than the scores of TATT. Discrepancy scores of TATT and TBEO of the students were revealed significances differently according to clothing norms. males lower and higher class students had more free attitudes to the norms concerning genaral clothing attitudes. Females and higher class students had less free attitudes to the clothing norms concerning modesty. Females and lower and higher class students had more free attitudes to the norms concening sex-role related clothing attitudes but male students had less free to the sex-role related clothing norms. 2) Significant negative correlations between each variable of clothing norms and conform-ity-individuality were found. But negative correlations between those variables of the males and lower class students were higher than the correlations of the female and higher class students and the former had more posi-tive relationships with clothing norms and con-formity as compared with the latter. And sig-nificant positive correlations between each variable of clothing norms and modesty were found. But positive correlations between those variables of the males females and higher class students were higher than the correlations of the lower class students and the latter had less positive relationship with clothing norms and modesty as compared with the former. 3) Significant negative correlations between clothing norms and uniqueness were found in the subjects groups. The females and lower class students had more negative relationships with clothing norms and uniqueness as compared with the male and higher class students. Significant positive correlations be-tween uniqueness and conformity-individuality were found in all subjects groups, Therefore the higher uniqueness the student have the less they perceive theimportance of clothing norms and the more they have individuality. Significant positive correlations between sex-role related(higher class) general(female) clothing norms and self acceptance were found. but significant negative correlations be-tween campus style(higher class) general(female) clothing norms and self acceptance were found. But significant negative correlations be-tween campus style(males lower class, higher class) clothing norms and self acceptance were found. Clothing norms therfore related posi-tively or negatively with self acceptance ac-cording to the subjects groups. And significant negative correlations between conformity in-dividuality and self acceptance was found in higher class students. 4) The female masculine groups and the masculine groups of lower class revealed high scores than the scores of andrgynous group and undifferentiated group in clothing norms concerning modesty. And the feminine group revealed high scores in conformity-individu-ality than the scores of the masculine group. Male masculine and feminine group revealed high scores in clothing norms concerning cam-pus style than the scores of the androgynous group. The masculine group and feminine group of the lower classes revealed high scores in general clothing norms than the scores of the androgynous group. 5) The most influencing variables on the clothing norms were sex conformity-individu-altiy and masculine-feminine variables in the right order. The general clothing norms and clothing norms concerning modesty were influened by the sex role identity but the sex role related clothing norms and clothing norms concerning campus style were influenced by the ego identity. 6) Based on the sum scores of the uniqueness each group of the subjects was separately segmened into "high medium and low" groups. By the analysis of variances sig-nificant differences in discrepancy scores of TBEO and TATT among 3 uniqueness level groups were found on all clothing norms variables in all students three clothing norms variables in male and female students and one clothing norms variable in lower and higher students and in each clothing norms variable the mean discrepancy scores of the high uniqueness group were higher than those of the other groups. The findings indicated that the differences in the discrepancy score mainly contributed to the results of correla-tions described above.bed above.