• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.64-64
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• 1995

Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) mediates the transfer of cholesterol ester and triglyceride between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and other low-density lipoproteins, therefore, it might influence HDL levels. The levels of HDL is closely related to the atherogenic diseases in human and there were several reports that the trasgenic mice expressing CETP had much worse atherosclerosis than non-expressing control one. Therefore, selective inhibitors of CETP have the potential to be used as antiatherosclerotic agents. Continued screening for potent inhibitors of CETP led to the isolation of Suberitenone B from marine sponge. Suberitenone B, sesterterpenoids of a new skeletal class have been isolated from the sponge Suberites sp. collected from King George Island the Antartic. The structure of the metabolite has been determined by NMR experiments and chemical methods.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2016

Background: We evaluated technique of hepatic resections using suprahilar-extrafascial dissection of Glissonean pedicle with vascular stapling device for pedicle transection with intent to minimize operative time and blood loss. Methods: We analyzed the clinical records of 326 patients who underwent anatomic liver resection by suprahilar-extrafascial pedicle isolation with vascular stapling division technique. Results: The minor liver resections were associated with significantly shorter surgery duration (105.1±21.1 vs. 225.6±75.6) and transection time (40.1±14.5 vs. 96.3±55.2) than major hepatectomies (p<0.0001 for all). The mean blood loss was 350.8±100.5 mL in minor resection and 485.4±250.2 mL in major resection (p=0.001). The mean blood transfusion requirement was 400.8±109.5 mL for minor resections and 550.9±100.0 mL for major hepatectomy (p=0.072). There was no significant difference in morbidity and mortality between groups (p=0.980; p=0.945). Major as well as minor liver resection were oncology superior with no significant difference in the 5-year overall survival rates. Conclusion: Suprahilar-extrafascial dissection of Glissonean pedicle represents an effective and safe technique of liver resection. Presented approach allows early and easy ischemic delineation of appropriate liver territory to be removed with selective inflow vascular control. It is not time consuming and it is very useful in re-resection, as well as oncological reasonable.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.439-444
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• 2016

In the present study, the performance of culture methods using two selective agars and real-time PCR were compared for selective isolation of Cronobacter in powdered infant formula and dried pumpkin. Two food samples were spiked with the pathogen and then preenriched in distilled water. A small portion of preenrichment (10 mL) was incubated in Enterobacteriaceae enrichment both, followed by inoculation onto Druggan-Forsythe-Iversen agar (DFI agar) and Cronobacter sakazakii chromogenic plating agar (R&F agar). The preenrichment and enrichment (1 mL each) was used in real-time PCR assay. In powdered infant formula (PIF), no statistical difference was observed between both culture methods and real-time PCR with preenrichemt (p > 0.05). However, the number of positives obtained by R&F agar and real-time PCR was much higher than that of culture method using DFI agar in dried pumpkin (p < 0.05). In particular, R&F agar yielded a significantly greater selectivity than DFI agar in dried pumpkin (p < 0.05). Real-time PCR and R&F agar, which are currently recommended by US FDA, could be used as an alternative detection tools for the isolation of Cronobacter in PIF and ingredient of child foods such as dried pumpkin that has high number of competing natural microflora.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate microbiological contamination of fresh vegetables in Korea. Twenty types of vegetables were tested for total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, yeast and mold, and pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, Cronobacter sakazakii, Shigella, and Campylobacter. Levels of total aerobic bacteria and coliform on 20 vegetables were between 3.74 and 8.04 log CFU/g, and 0.16 and 5.02 log CFU/g, respectively. The highest contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria were observed on water dropwort, sprouts, mungbean sprout, and ballflower root. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in microbial contamination levels of total aerobic count, coliform, E. coli, yeast and mold between organic and nonorganic vegetables. When isolation methods using selective agars were applied, L. monocytogenes, B. cereus, Salmonella and Campylobacter were isolated from some fresh vegetable samples. Results of API kit tests showed that L. monocytogenes was identified on Chinese cabbage, cucumber, soybean sprouts, and iceberg lettuce while Salmonella was identified on Korean leek. Furthermore, Campylobacter jejuni was also identified in more than 50 of the 100 samples. However, when positive samples from API kit were tested for real-time PCR or 16S rRNA sequencing method, only B. cereus from perilla leaf, carrot, water dropwort, and sprouts showed positive results. These results indicate that selective agar and API kit detection methods might result in false positive results for some pathogens. Therefore, studies need to improve isolation or confirmation methods for such pathogens.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2002

Using semi-selective (SS-) and selective (Jee-) medium, we identified the pathogens isolated from the symptomatic plants and soils collected from different locations, such as Suwon, Andong, and Youngju, as P. drechsleri, which is Phytophthora root rot causal agent of A. macrocephala. At $25^{\circ}C$, these isolates were grown faster on 10% V8A (V8 juice agar) medium than on PDA (potato dextrose agar) with hyphal swelling, but no growing was observed at below $5^{\circ}C$ and over $40^{\circ}C$. In order to identify the pathogenicity of each isolate, seedlings of A. macrocephala were inoculated with mycelium -zoospore suspended inoculum, which was prepared by culturing on 10% V8A medium and homogenizing in distilled water. By this method, wide ranges of pathogenicity were observed as follows; $5.0%{\sim}26.4%$ of disease severities concerning the lesion areas of the top plants and $23.5%{\sim}72.2%$ of disease incidences. Therefore, this was considered as a efficient method to identify the pathogenicity of P. drechsleri in large scale screening. P-A200073, isolated from soils in Andong, and P-9755, from the root of symptomatic plant of A. macrocephala in Suwon, showed the highest degree of pathogenicity to the seedlings. By these isolates, lesion areas and disease incidences of the inoculated seedlings were occurred $26.4%{\sim}63.2%$ and $25.1%{\sim}72.2%$, respectively. However, no symptoms were observed in uninoculated control. Same pathogens were reisolated from roots and lower stems of the inoculated plants, but not from leaves.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 2003

Raw and washed spinaches were tested to evaluate the incidences of Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Four pathogenic bacteria were isolated from spinach samples, and identified by morphological and biochemical methods, including API and ATB identification systems. Isolates from MacConkey, Cereus Selective, Clostridium Perfringens, and Baird-Parker agar media were in 99.9, 99.8, 99.9, and 97.8% agreements with A. hydrophila, B. cereus, C. perfringens, and S. aureus at the species level, respectively. SET-RPLA revealed, among the five strains of S. aureus isolates, two produced type A enterotoxin. All five strains of B. cereus isolates produced enterotoxin as revealed with CRET-RPLA.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 1998

Fenitrothion-degrading microorganisms were isolated from 124 sampling sites of paddy, upland, forest and polluted soil, and wastewater. A total of 1,071 strains were isolated from each selective medium supplemented with 50mg/l of fenitrothion - nutrient agar (NA) 601, potato dextrose agar (PDA) 201, Actinomycetes isolation agar (AIA) 168 and basal salt medium (BSM) 101, respectively. Twenty-eight effective strains of them, which showed more than 80% degradation of fenitrothion by the gasliquid chromatography(GLC) analysis. were successfully selected from each liquid culture supplemented with 50mg/l of fenitrothion - NB 12(upland soil 3, paddy soil 3, forest soil 2, polluted soil 4), PDB 8(upland soil 1, paddy soil 2, forest soil 2, polluted soil 3) and PSB 8(upland soil 1, forest soil 1, polluted soil 6), respectively. Four strains - NPal, NFol, PFol and BPol, which have the most powerful degradation activity were finally selected among 28 fenitrothion-degrading microorganisms based on the degradation rate at the concentration of 100mg/l fenitrothion in enrichment media.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.187-195
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• 1987

Two kinds of heat treatment method for the selective isolation of soil fungi to eliminate the commonest fungi and also to examine the vertical and seasonal distributions of the fungal population were applied to soil samples from two plots around Seoul area. The incubation method at $42^{\circ}C$ and heat treatment at $70^{\circ}C$ were used in this experiment. In the incubation method, the almost all the fungi isolated from two plots were mesophile, while the thermotolerant fungi was Aspergillus fumigatus and thermophilic fungi were Sporotrichum thermophile and Malbranchea pulchella var. sulfrea. The most dominant species isolated by this method was A. fumigatus. Nine genera and fourteen species were isolated from the two plots, and S. thermophile, Talaromyces ucrainicus,Malbranchea pulchella var. sulfrea were new to Korea. From the selection method by heat treatment at $70^{\circ}C$, ten genera and twenty species were isolated. Among these, the most fungi were also mesophile and thermotolerant fungus was A. fumigatus. The most dominant species isolated by this method was T. stipitatus, Talaromyces helicus var. major, Emericella nidulans var. nidulans, Chaetomium subspirale and Neosartorya fisheri var. fisheri were new to Korea. From the two isolation methods, it was found that the total number of soil fungi and frequency of species appeared including dominant ones were the highest at the soils of upper layer while the lowest at the soils of lower layer in its vertical distribution.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.239-245
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• 2005

Transformation-Associated Recombination (TAR) cloning technique allows selective isolation of chromosomal regions and genes from complex genomes. The procedure requires knowledge of relatively small genomic sequences that reside adjacent to the chromosomal region of interest. This technique involves homologous recombination during yeast spheroplast transformation between genomic DNA and a TAR vector that has 5' and 3' gene targeting sequences. In this study, we examined the effect of non-homologous spacing sequence in target hooks on homologous recombination using a plasmid model system. The efficiency of homologous recombination between the modified his3-TRP1-his3 fragments and HlS3 gene on plasmid were analyzed by the characterization of $Ura^+$ transformants. The numbers of $Ura^+$ transformant showed same level when seven different modified his3-TRP1-his3 fragments were used. But the percentage of positive recombinants. $Trp^+His^-$, dramatically decreased when used the modified his3-TRP1-his3 fragments contained incorrect spacing of nonhomologous region. As a result, we suggest that incorrect spacing inhibits the homologous recombination between target hook and substrate DNA. Therefore, we should consider the correct spacing in target hook when the target hook are used for cloning of orthologue gene.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

The biological activity of polysaccharide is greatly influenced by polysaccharide structure and molecular distribution. Here, we developed a rapid and convenient isolation method for fractionating polysaccharides with different characteristics and optimized it using a polysaccharide mixture from Korean persimmon leaves. A crude polysaccharide mixture, persimmon leaves-enzyme (PLE) fraction, was isolated from persimmon leaves digested with pectinase and ethanol precipitation. The PLE fraction was further fractionated with a serially diluted ethanol solution (ethanol : deionized water=4:1, 2:1, 1.5:1, 1:1, and 0.5:1) to produce 10 subfractions (five precipitate fractions labeled from PLE-4 to PLE-0.5 and five supernatant fractions labeled from PLE-4S to PLE-0.5S). HPLC analysis indicated that PLE-4 and -2 consisted of diverse polysaccharides, whereas PLE-1.5, -1, and -0.5 contained high molecular weight (MW) polysaccharides. The fractions from PLE-4 to PLE-1 were mostly composed of 13 different characteristic sugars in rhamnogalacturonan (RG) I and II, and the sugars contained an arabino-${\beta}$-3,6-galactan moiety. However, PLE-0.5 did not contain RG-II or ${\beta}$-arabino-3,6-galactan. Treatment of macrophages with fractions PLE-1.5S and PLE-1S led to a $10{\mu}g/mL$ increase in interleukin (IL)-6 production, whereas treatment with PLE-4S and PLE-2S fractions composed of low MW polysaccharides resulted in reduced levels of IL-6. These results indicate that this isolation method may be useful for the rapid and convenient fractionation of bioactive RGs from polysaccharide mixtures with various properties.