• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.521-537
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• 2016

Laboratory-scale experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption equilibrium, the adsorption kinetics and facilitated transport of two cationic dyes (Methylene Blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RB)) on Polymer Inclusion Membrane (D2EHPA-PIM). Different adsorption isotherms (Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin models) as well as kinetics models indicated that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic. Under the optimal conditions, the adsorption removal efficiencies reach about 93% and 97% for MB and RB respectively. Different extraction values by D2EHPA-PIM were obtained for the two cationic dyes: MB is weakly extracted at pH 2.0 (E% = 18.7%) whilst E% = 82.4% was observed for RB at the same pH. This difference was exploited in a mixture containg both the 2 cationic dyes for the selective extraction of RB at pH 2. Desorption of both dyes was achieved from the membrane by using acidic aqueous solutions and desorption ratio up to 90% was obtained. The formulas of the extracted complexes by the PIMs were, determined by the method of slopes. The dyes transport was elucidated using mass transfer analysis where in it found relatively high values of the initial flux ($J_0$) as 41.57 and $18.74{\mu}mol.m^2.s^{-1}$ for MB and RB respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.202-205
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• 2008

Background: Lumbar radicular pain is a frequent and often debilitating event. Although many treatment methods have been described in several studies, the available evidences regarding efficacy is not sufficient enough to draw definitive conclusions on an optimal therapy regime. Pulsed radiofrequency (RF) treatment was found to exert a beneficial effect on intractable radicular pain in individuals. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of pulsed RF of the dorsal root ganglion for chronic lumbar radicular pain. Methods: Twenty five patients with chronic lumbar radicular pain that was refractory to selective nerve root blockage met the inclusion criteria of our study and received pulsed RF treatment. The average numeric rating scale (NRS) for leg pain during usual activities and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) were measured at 1 and 3 months after the procedure. Results: Of the 25 patients accepted for pulsed RF treatment, one dropped out due to a vertebral compression fracture during this study. ODI and NRS showed a positive trend in favor of the pulsed RF treatment. No significant complications were observed during the study period. Conclusions: It appears that pulsed RF treatment of the lumbar spinal dorsal root ganglion may be an effective treatment method for patients suffering from lumbar radicular pain, and who were not responsive to selective nerve root blockage.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2014

The multifunctional triple gene block protein 1 (TGB1) of the Potexvirus Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) has been reported to have silencing suppressor, cell-to-cell movement, and helicase functions. Yeast two hybrid screening using an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library with TGB1 as bait, and co-purification with TGB1 inclusion bodies identified several host proteins which interact with AltMV TGB1. Host protein interactions with TGB1 were confirmed by biomolecular fluorescence complementation, which showed positive TGB1 interaction with mitochondrial ATP synthase delta' chain subunit (ATP synthase delta'), light harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex I subunit A4 (LHCA4), chlorophyll a/b binding protein 1 (LHB1B2), chloroplast-localized IscA-like protein (ATCPISCA), and chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase. However, chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase interacts only with $TGB1_{L88}$, and not with weak silencing suppressor $TGB1_{L88}$. This selective interaction indicates that chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase is not required for AltMV movement and replication; however, TRV silencing of chloroplast ${\beta}$-ATPase in Nicotiana benthamiana induced severe tissue necrosis when plants were infected by AltMV $TGB1_{L88}$ but not AltMV $TGB1_{L88}$, suggesting that ${\beta}$-ATPase selectively responded to $TGB1_{L88}$ to induce defense responses.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2021

Objective: Short foot exercise(SFE) is frequently used to increase the medial longitudinal arch of the foot, as well as the intrinsic foot muscles. This studyinvestigated the effects of SFE onmuscular activity and the onset of contraction of the quadriceps femoris muscle during squats in healthypeople. It also aimed to compare and analyze the results with those of the general squat method and propose a more efficient squat method. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study compared 20 adults (male=10, female=10) who statisfied the inclusion criteria for the muscle activity and onset of the muscle contraction of the quadriceps femoris using surface EMG under two conditions: general squats and SFE squats. Results: Separate analyses and comparisons of the outcomes of the SFE squat and the general squat, showed a significant increase in the muscle activities of the rectus femoris and vastus medial muscles in both males and females (p<0.05). The onset of muscle contraction was significantly delayed for the vastus lateralis relative to that for the vastus medialis (p<0.05). However, it delayed significantly in females, but not in males. Conclusions: The SFE squats induced selective muscular activities of the rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscels and affected the onset of contraction of the vastus medialis and lateralis muscles.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2024

We systematically reviewed the literature on the co-occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and Warthin's tumor (WT), thought to be quite rare, to help reduce misdiagnosis and improve treatment planning. For this systematic review, we searched for articles in the Web of Science and PubMed databases, analyzed relevant studies for forward and backward citations, and identified only articles reporting on the "co-occurrence" of WT and SCC. Of the 237 studies identified, 12 comprising 18 patients met the inclusion criteria, to which we added one study from our institution. Most WTs were associated with SCC in the parotid gland or cervical lymph nodes. Most patients (89.5%) underwent selective or radical neck dissection due to identification of lesions separate from the primary SCC. Despite its frequent co-occurrence with other neoplasms, WT in the parotid or cervical lymph nodes tends to be misdiagnosed as a metastatic node when SCC is observed as the primary tumor. Factors to consider in diagnosis and neck management include identification of an association other than growth or development by lymphangiogenesis and whether the patient is a smoker, a strong risk factor.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제89권3호
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• pp.283-300
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• 2024

Machine learning (ML) models based on artificial neural network (ANN) and decision tree (DT) were developed for estimation of axial capacity of concrete columns reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars. Between the design codes, the Canadian code provides better formulation compared to the Australian or American code. For empirical models based on elastic modulus of FRP, Hadhood et al. (2017) model performed best. Whereas for empirical models based on tensile strength of FRP, as well as all empirical models, Raza et al. (2021) was adjudged superior. However, compared to the empirical models, all ML models exhibited superior performance according to all five performance metrics considered. The performance of ANN and DT models were comparable in general. Under the present setup, inclusion of the transverse reinforcement information did not improve the accuracy of estimation with either ANN or DT. With selective use of inputs, and a much simpler ANN architecture (4-3-1) compared to that reported in literature (Raza et al. 2020: 6-11-11-1), marginal improvement in correlation could be achieved. The metrics for the best model from the study was a correlation of 0.94, absolute errors between 420 kN to 530 kN, and the range being 0.39 to 0.51 for relative errors. Though much superior performance could be obtained using ANN/DT models over empirical models, further work towards improving accuracy of the estimation is indicated before design of FRP reinforced concrete columns using ML may be considered for design codes.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2011

목적 : 본 연구는 복지국가의 개념과 사회복지영역을 살펴보고, 우리나라 장애인복지정책의 발전을 비교 분석해 보기 위함이다. 연구방법 : 문헌고찰을 통하여 복지국가의 개념과 사회복지의 영역을 기술하였고, 우리나라의 사회복지정책과 장애인정책을 각 정부별로 비교 분석하였으며 마지막으로 노무현 정부의 장애인정책을 분석하였다. 결과 : 경제성장과 더불어 복지정책과 장애인복지정책은 '선택적 복지'에서 '보편적 복지'의 형태로 발전하였다. 사회복지정책의 영역에 있어서도 과거 이승만 정부시절의 '최소한의 보장'에서 노무현 정부의 '참여복지'에 이르기까지 영역의 확대가 이루어지고 있으며 이러한 현상은 장애인 복지정책에서도 나타나는 현상이다. 결론 : 지역사회 작업치료사는 오늘날 '보편적 사회복지'의 큰 틀에서 등록 장애인 뿐 만 아니라 지역사회의 드러나지 않는 장애를 지닌 일반인과 노인을 위한 방문재활서비스와 같은 미 충족 작업치료서비스를 발견하고 제공해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.183-197
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• 2020

Purpose: In this study, the researchers closely investigated the psychosocial problems faced by terminal cancer patients and their family members in hospice palliative care units. Methods: The investigators conducted four sessions of art therapy intervention programs for the terminal cancer patients and their family members, carried out in-depth interviews about the influence of the cancer experience on their family function and quality of life, and analyzed their experiences using grounded theory methodology. Results: After providing autonomous written informed consent, six pairs of terminally ill cancer patients and their family members, accounting for a total of 17 participants with the inclusion of additional family members who took part sporadically, took part in the art therapy intervention and interviews. The raw data, in the form of verbatim records, were analyzed according to the procedures of grounded theory (open, axial, and selective coding). Through these processes, a total of 154 concepts, 56 subcategories, and 13 categories were identified. Families were classified into four types according to their family function, quality of life, and attitude toward death. Though the art therapy intervention, patients and their family members experienced three stages over time. Conclusion: This research focused on essential aspects of the family relationships and the art therapy experiences of terminal cancer patients and their family members through an art therapy intervention in the context of hospice palliative care. Based on these observations, the researchers constructed a theoretical rationale for art therapy interventions delivered to patients and their family members in the process of hospice palliative care.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2020

건설자원의 고갈과 콘크리트 폐기물의 증가에 따라 콘크리트 재활용은 선택적 사항이라기보다는 필수적 사항으로 되어 가고 있다. 콘크리트 재활용에 대한 연구는 오래 동안 다양한 관점에서 수행되어 왔다. 그러나 여러 나라의 기준이나 권고사항을 보면 순환골재 콘크리트의 적용에는 순환골재의 비율이나 순환잔골재의 사용금지 등과 같은 많은 제한사항이 있다. 본 연구에서는 구조부재에서 천연골재 콘크리트와 순환골재 콘크리트를 분리타설하는 방법에 대한 적절성을 알아보고자 하였다. 순환골재콘크리트의 제작 시 굵은골재의 치환비율은 50, 100%로 하였고 두 콘크리트의 접합면에는 교섭을 도입하였다. 순환골재 콘크리트를 제작하는 과정에서 순환골재를 처리하거나 혼화재를 첨가하지 않았다. 두 콘크리트 접합면의 전단강도를 평가하기 위해 등분포하중으로 재하한 2면전단 시험법을 채택하였다. 실험결과에 따르면 골재치환율이 큰 시험체가 전단강도 대 압축강도 비가 크게 나왔는데 이는 굵은골재의 크기와 전단절단면의 조도에 기인한 것으로 보인다. 여러 가지 변수들의 영향을 알아보기 위한 후속연구가 필요하며 그와 같은 연구 활동을 진행 중이다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2016

각종 계량기, 웨어러블 디바이스 등의 사물에 통신기능을 내장하여 인터넷에 연결하는 사물인터넷 (Internet of Things or IoT) 기술의 발전과 함께, 이에 사용 가능한 소면적 임베디드 프로세서에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 사물인터넷 분야에 사용 가능한 소면적 32-bit 파이프라인 프로세서인 Juno를 소개한다. Juno는 즉치 값 확장이 편리한 EISC (extendable instruction set computer) 구조이며, 파이프라인의 데이터 의존성을 줄이기 위해 2/3단 파이프라인 구조를 택하였다. PC (program counter) 레지스터와 두 개의 파이프라인 레지스터만을 컨트롤함으로써 전체 파이프라인을 컨트롤할 수 있는 간단한 구조의 소면적 파이프라인 컨트롤러를 갖는다. 무선 통신에 필요한 암호화 등의 연산을 수행하기 위한 $32{\times}32=64$ 곱셈 연산, 64/32=32 나눗셈 연산, $32{\times}32+64=64$ MAC 연산, 32*32=64 Galois 필드 곱셈 연산을 모두 지원하지만, 모든 연산기를 선택적으로 구현하여 필요에 따라서는 면적을 줄이기 위해 일부 연산기를 제외하고도 프로세서를 재합성할 수 있다. 이 경우 정수 코어의 gate count는 12k~22k 수준이고, 0.57 DMIPS/MHz와 1.024 Coremark/MHz의 성능을 보인다.