• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 2018

Korea's public construction projects are under construction through bidding, however, due to the nature of the bidding, collusion between participants can occur. The collusion of bids accordingly damages the client. So, it is necessary to calculate the appropriate fictitious competition price to compensate for this. In this regard, econometrics methods are generally used, but there are limitations and issues arising from the nature of construction, especially design-build bid. Therefore, this study proposes a method to estimate reasonable competitive bid-price in design-build bid. It derives the lowest bid-price from the design submitted by the proponent and estimates the competitive bid-price by examining the factors according to the penetration rate according to the technical level of the tester, the skill level of the competitor, and the type of tester. Based on the method proposed in this study, a reasonable price can be derived that reflects the characteristics of the design and construction bidding bidder selection method and also it can be used as a reference material in the actual bidding process as well as calculating the damage due to the answer.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1332-1340
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• 2009

Moxa-combustion therapy makes use of heat stimulus and chemicals result form when cauterize the skin with moxa cones to medical cares. Despite an extensive evidence-base guiding the selection of stimulation parameters and attributes of subject, little methodologically research regarding the attributes of moxa cautery in need to provide effective stimulation. To determine moxibustion's effects of the three different moxa cautery made by three different company(as A, B, C), the small intestinal motility in rats were observed after moxibustion at ST36. Under anesthesia, each intensities(1, 5, 10 times), two regions(left and right at ST36) and a quantity(as number of 1, 5, 10 times at once) were applied to the groups divided with sex. In each intensities groups, the A product made increase with 5, 10 times in male and female group. The B and C product made increase with 10 times in male group and the B product made increase with 1, 5, 10 times and the C product made increase with 5 times in female group. In two regions(left and right at ST36) groups, the A and C product made increase with 1(right), 5(right) times and the B product made increase with 1(left), 10(left), 10(right) times in male group. In female group, the A product made increase with 5(left), 5(right), 10(right) times and the B product made increase with 1(left), 10(left), 10(right) times and the C product made increase with 5(left), 10(left) times. In a quantity(as number of 1, 5, 10 times at once) groups, the A and B product did not show any changes but the C product made increase with a quantity of 10 times in male group. In female group, The B product made increase with a quantity of 1 times and the C product made increase with a quantity of 5 times, but the A product did not show any changes. Three different moxa cautery made by three different company made differents result in each group divided with sex. With these results, it was suggested that we should consider the a process of manufacture and moxa cautery's quality for the adequate value of moxibustion.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2008

One of the most significant tasks of software development project is to know how much it will be the software development cost in the early stage of software development cycle. The software development environment and technology are changing very rapidly. For accuracy, we should apply those to the software cost estimation. And it is important that we select the suitable adjustment factor and the value of a suitable adjustment factor. For that, this paper have applied the method of AHP. And we have also analyzed the sensitivity of the adjustment factor which is influenced by decision metrics. In conclusion, the value of the application type adjustment factor is responded more sensitively to the data complexity and the control complexity than processing complexity. And the value of the language adjustment factor is responded more sensitively to the supplying manpower and the time of the coding than the time of the debugging. In the future, we will research the selection of an additional adjustment factor and a suitable value of the adjustment factor which are influenced by the environment and the technology of the domestic software development. And then, in the language adjustment factor, we will try to calculate the value about the individual programming language.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.7 s.103
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• pp.811-822
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• 2005

Automated text categorization is to classify free text documents into predefined categories automatically and whose main goals is to reduce considerable manual process required to the task. The researches to improving the text categorization performance(efficiency) in recent years, focused on enhancing existing classification models and algorithms itself, but, whose range had been limited by feature based statistical methodology. In this paper, we propose RTPost system of different style from i.ny traditional method, which takes fault tolerant system approach and data mining strategy. The 2 important parts of RTPost system are reinforcement training and post-processing part. First, the main point of training method deals with the problem of defining category to be classified before selecting training sample documents. And post-processing method deals with the problem of assigning category, not performance of classification algorithms. In experiments, we applied our system to documents getting low classification accuracy which were laid on a decision boundary nearby. Through the experiments, we shows that our system has high accuracy and stability in actual conditions. It wholly did not depend on some variables which are important influence to classification power such as number of training documents, selection problem and performance of classification algorithms. In addition, we can expect self learning effect which decrease the training cost and increase the training power with employing active learning advantage.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.267-277
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• 2016

For the decommissioning of a nuclear power plant, a site characterization and final status survey require a site-specific suite of radionuclides that could potentially still be present in the site during or after the decontamination processes. The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S. NRC) requires a Decommissioning Technical Base Document (DTBD) along with a Site Characterization and Historical Site Assessment (HSA) from the utility for decommissioning to proceed. Both the DTBD and HSA are preliminary components of the Radiological Site Survey investigation process and should be included in the final License Termination Plan (LTP) for site release and reuse consideration from the U.S. NRC and the utility company. This study reviews the United States Nuclear Power Plants (U.S. NPPs) decommissioning cases and is especially focused on the methodologies used for determining a site-specific suite of radionuclides before and during the site characterization and final status surveys. In 2017, Kori-1 will be ready for decommissioning and related preparations are ongoing, this review will help Korea to prepare regulatory guidelines and give technical background for the safe and successful decommissioning of NPPs.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.278-284
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• 2016

Software reliability in the software development process is an important issue. In infinite failure NHPP software reliability models, the fault occurrence rates may have constant, monotonic increasing or monotonic decreasing pattern. In this paper, infinite failures NHPP models that the situation was reflected for the fault occurs in the repair time, were presented about comparing property. Commonly, the software model of the infinite failures using the linear hazard rate distribution software reliability based on intercept parameter was used in business economics and actuarial modeling, was presented for comparison problem. The result is that a relatively large intercept parameter was appeared effectively form. The parameters estimation using maximum likelihood estimation was conducted and model selection was performed using the mean square error and the coefficient of determination. The linear hazard rate distribution model is also efficient in terms of reliability because it (the coefficient of determination is 90% or more) in the field of the conventional model can be used as an alternative model could be confirmed. From this paper, the software developers have to consider intercept parameter of life distribution by prior knowledge of the software to identify failure modes which can be able to help.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.149-155
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• 2015

This paper proposes 5-MS/s 10-bit digital-to-analog converter(DAC) with the improved linearity. The proposed DAC consists of a 10-bit R-2R-based DAC, an output buffer using a differential voltage amplifier with rail-to-rail input range, and a band-gap reference circuit for the bias voltage. The linearity of the 10-bit R-2R DAC is improved as the resistor of 2R is implemented by including the turn-on resistance of an inverter for a switch. The output voltage range of the DAC is determined to be $2/3{\times}VDD$ from an rail-to-rail output voltage range of the R-2R DAC using a differential voltage amplifier in the output buffer. The proposed DAC is implemented using a 1-poly 8-metal 130nm CMOS process with 1.2-V supply. The measured dynamic performance of the implemented DAC are the ENOB of 9.4 bit, SNDR of 58 dB, and SFDR of 63 dBc. The measured DNL and INL are less than +/-0.35 LSB. The area and power consumption of DAC are $642.9{\times}366.6{\mu}m^2$ and 2.95 mW, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.153-163
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• 2016

Intellectual output, such as research papers and patents, has increased due to the consistent investment of the government R&D budget, however, the economical outcome leaves much to be desired. These unsatisfactory results originate from the lack of information sharing about the technology's business compatibility and enterprise's business capability between technology supplier and technology user. This study aims at investigating the decision making process of technology commercialization by proposing an assessment model of the technology's business compatibility and enterprise's business capability. The assessment model was completed by selecting the key index through a literature survey, field survey and consultation with experts. The technology assessment model can be effectively utilized for technology licensing, technology start-up and technology selection in R&BD projects. However, the assessment indexes required for the basic science are not investigated in this study and some assessment indexes are differently interpreted by the individual appraisers. The assessment model will be improved through field application and additional studies will be conducted to develop the assessment model of basic science.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.359-368
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• 2011

Purpose: Aquacel Ag$^{(R)}$ is a hydrofiber wound dressing integrated with ionic silver. Sorbact$^{(R)}$ is a hydrophobiccoated dressing that uses the hydrophobic interaction with microbes. In this study, we compared the wound healing effects and the antibacterial effects of Medifoam$^{(R)}$, Betadine soaked, Aquacel Ag$^{(R)}$ and Sorbact$^{(R)}$ dressings against MRSA-infected wounds. Methods: Eighty rats were divided into four groups: Medifoam$^{(R)}$; Betadine soaked; Aquacel Ag$^{(R)}$; and Sorbact$^{(R)}$. A $1.5{\times}1.5cm$ square full-thickness wound was made on the dorsum of each rat and infected with MRSA. Twenty-four hours thereafter, each dressing was applied to the wound and changed every other day. One, 3, 7, 11 and 15 days after the wound infection, swab culture grade, wound bed appearance score, and wound defect size change were evaluated, and 7 and 15 days after, histologic evaluation was compared between the groups. Results: The bacteria load of wounds in the Sorbact$^{(R)}$ group decreased earlier than in the other groups. The wound bed appearance score of the Sorbact$^{(R)}$ group also increased quicker, compared with the other groups. However, the size of wounds of the Aquacel Ag$^{(R)}$ group decreased more rapidly, compared with other groups. From the histologic point of view, there was no significant difference between Betadine soaked, Aquacel Ag$^{(R)}$ and Sorbact groups. Conclusion: The hydrophobic dressing using Sorbact$^{(R)}$ showed a more rapid reduction in the MRSA load and an elevation in the wound bed appearance score, but a slower decrease in wound size change due to detachment of wound bed tissue when the dressing was eliminated in the low exudate wound. The silver-containing hydrofiber dressing using Aquacel Ag$^{(R)}$ was more effective in ultimate wound size reduction, but some debris was trapped in the wound tissue and induced foreign body reaction in the high exudate wound. Thus, ongoing selection process of treatment based on the evaluation of the infectious wound state will be very important.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.217-231
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• 1993

Due to the increased awareness on the relationship between high cholesterol intake and cardiovascular disease, the development of low cholesterol eggs and egg products are necessary at the present time. Largely, two approaches are possible to develop low cholesterol eggs. The first approach is the production of low cholesterol eggs by altering feeds of layers, by administering drugs, by genetic selection of strains and breeds, and by management of laying cycle, age and egg size. The second approach is to manufacture low cholesterol eggs technically treated with adsorbant, solvent, enzyme, edible oil and supercritical fluid. Both approaches have their own pros and cons, respectively, as far as the cholesterol removal rates, the easeness of process, and the economic reasons are concerned. The low cholesterol egg production is quite labor-intensive and has relatively low cholesterol removal rate(30∼50％ ) compared to that of chemically treated eggs. On the other hand, the low cholesterol eggs treated with chemicals have a very high cholesterol removal rate (80∼90％) but some of the methods are not completely safe as food processing purposes due to the residual chemicals and the sensory quality is not as good as the low cholesterol eggs without chemical treatment. Therefore, further studies must be conducted to improve the sensory quality of low cholesterol eggs and to eliminate fear about the harmfulness using low cholesterol eggs.