• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.141-159
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• 2016

Commonly in steel frames, steel beam and concrete slab are connected together by shear keys to work as a unit member which is called composite beam. When a composite beam is subjected to positive bending, flexural strength and stiffness of the beam can be increased due to "composite action". At the same time despite these advantages, composite action increases the strain at the beam bottom flange and it might affect beam plastic rotation capacity. This paper presents results of study on the rotation capacity of composite beam connected to Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS) column in the steel moment resisting frame buildings. Due to out-of-plane deformation of column flange, moment transfer efficiency of web connection is reduced and this results in reduction of beam plastic rotation capacity. In order to investigate the effects of width-to-thickness ratio (B/t) of RHS column on the rotation capacity of composite beam, cyclic loading tests were conducted on three full scale beam-to-column subassemblies. Detailed study on the different steel beam damages and concrete slab damages are presented. Experimental data showed the importance of this parameter of RHS column on the seismic behavior of composite beams. It is found that occurrence of severe concrete bearing crush at the face of RHS column of specimen with smaller width-to-thickness ratio resulted in considerable reduction on the rate of strain increase in the bottom flange. This behavior resulted in considerable improvement of rotation capacity of this specimen compared with composite and even bare steel beam connected to the RHS column with larger width-to-thickness ratio.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2009

다이아그리드 노드의 지진 및 바람에 의한 반복하중에 대한 구조성능을 해석적으로 평가하는 것은 용접특성의 반영이 어려워서 한계가 있다. 이 연구에서는 횡하중을 받는 다이아그리드 노드의 구조거동을 알아보기 위해 다이아그리드의 노드부를 축소한 모형을 이용해 실험을 수행했다. 실험체는 총 5개이며 실험의 변수는 각 부분의 용접방법, 측면스티프너와 가새 웨브의 겹침길이이다. 한쪽 대각가새에는 인장력을, 다른쪽 대각가새에는 압축력을 가하는 반복가력 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 주요 파괴 원인은 축력과, 방향이 상이한 두 힘의 합력으로 인한 부가적 모멘트에 의한 작용으로 나타났다. 인장력에 의해서 가새 부재의 플랜지가 파단하였고, 압축력에 의해서 가새 플랜지의 국부좌굴이 일어났다. 또한 겹침길이와 용접타입은 초기 강성, 항복 내력 및 에너지 흡수능력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제12권4호통권47호
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• pp.387-395
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• 2000

본 연구는 콘크리트충전 각형강관(CFT) 기둥의 강도와 변형능력의 평가 및 내진성능에 대한 기초 자료의 제시를 목적으로 한다. 실험체는 초고층 건물의 최하단기둥의 응력분포를 가정하여 켄틸레버형 기둥으로 하고, 총 18개의 실험체가 일정 축력과 반복 횡하중 하에서 실험되었다. 본 실험에 적용된 주요변수는 강관의 폭/두께 비, 세장비 (LO/D), 그리고 축력비이다. 각 변수가 기둥의 강도, 변형능력, 그리고 에너지 흡수능력에 미치는 영향이 기술되었고, 각국 규준식과 실험결과를 비교하였다. 분석결과, 피복형 한국강구조학회 규준은 합성 단면적과 탄성계수를 AIJ와 AISC-LRFD 수준으로 수정한다면, 충전형에도 적용가능 할 것으로 판단된다. 마지막으로, 구속효과를 고려하여 단면의 소성해석을 통하여 구한 B. Kato의 CFT 기둥의 휨내력 제안식은 실험결과와 좋은 대응을 나타내고 있다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.226-234
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• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 천장구조재의 내진성능향상을 위해 개발된 제진장치(seismic damping·isolation unit, 이하 SDI 유닛)의 압축 및 인장하중상태의 하중-변위 관계를 평가하고 축하중 설계를 위한 기초자료를 구축하는데에 있다. 주요변수는 스프링의 유무, 방진고무의 적층수와 스프링과 방진고무의 결합을 위해 설치된 볼트의 프리스트레스력의 크기 그리고 재하방법이다. 실험결과 볼트의 프리스트레스력의 크기가 클수록, 반복하중 보다는 단조하중에서, 그리고 스프링이 있는 SDI 유닛은 하중-변위관계에서 탄성한계점까지의 강성증가 뿐만 아니라 최대 하중 이후의 연성거동에 유리하였다. 결과적으로 에너지 소산능력은 스프링이 있으면서, 3층의 방진고무 및 볼트 항복강도의 10%의 프리스트레스력을 갖는 SDI 유닛에서 가장 높았다. 개발된 SDI 유닛의 인장내력에 대해 JIS B 2704-1(2018) 및 KDS 31 00(2019)의 기준은 단조상태에서는 안전측에서 평가된 반면, 반복하중상태에서 약 10% 높게 평가되었다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2003

본 연구는 보 플랜지와 스티프너의 용접부 양단, 기둥 모서리 부분 스티프너에 라운드를 두는 방법 등을 통하여 총 7개 시험체에 실물대 반복하중실험을 실시한 결과를 나타낸 것이다. 실험 결과를 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. (1) 필레(fillet)를 둠으로써 응력집중을 줄여 내진성능을 크게 향상 시킬 수 있다. (2) 스티프너 폭의 증가로 접합부의 강성 및 강도는 증가하였지만 에너지 소산 능력은 감소하였다. (3) 모든 시험체는 규준에서 강진지역의 내진구조에 대해 요구하는 총 0.04 radian의 회전각을 발휘할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.479-500
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• 2013

This paper presents the experimental as well as analytical study conducted on layer-bonded scrap tire rubber pad (STRP) isolators to develop low-cost seismic isolators applicable to structures in developing countries. The STRP specimen samples were produced by stacking the STRP layers one on top of another with the application of adhesive. In unbonded application, the STRP bearings were placed between the substructure and superstructure without fastening between the contact surfaces which allows roll-off of the contact supports. The vertical compression and horizontal shear tests were conducted with varying axial loads. These results were used to compute the different mechanical properties of the STRP isolators including vertical stiffness, horizontal effective stiffness, average horizontal stiffness and effective damping ratios. The load-displacement relationships of STRP isolators obtained by experimental and finite element analysis results were found to be in close agreement. The tested STRP samples show energy dissipation capacity considerably greater than the natural rubber bearings. The layer-bonded STRP isolators serve positive incremental force resisting capacity up to the shear strain level of 150%.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to carry out both experimental and theoretical investigations of R.C. short column subjected to horizontal forces under constant compressive loading. Eight specimens with section of 40 cm ${\times}$ 40 cm, height 40 cm and 50 cm and different type hoop were used of the steel cage to detect the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete short columns. Hoop spacing of column, strength of concrete, and the axial load of experiments were the three main parameters in this test. A series of equations were derived to reveal the theory could be used on analysis short column, too. Through test failure model of R.C short column being established, the type of hoop affects the behavior R.C short column in ductility rather than in strength. And the effect of analysis by Truss Model is evident and reliable in shear failure model of short column.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2020

Pile foundation is widely used for railway bridges in loess throughout northwestern China. Modeling of the loess-pile interaction is an essential part for seismic analysis of bridge with pile foundation at seismically active regions. A quasi-static test is carried out to investigate the hysteretic behaviors of pile foundation in collapsible loess. The failure characteristics of the bridge pile-loess system under the cyclic lateral loading are summarized. From the test results, the energy dissipation, stiffness degradation and ductility of the pile foundation in loess are analyzed. Therefore, a bilinear model with stiffness degradation is recommended for the nonlinearity of the bridge pier-pile-loess system. It can be found that the stiffness of the bridge pier-pile-loess system decreases quickly in the initial stage, and then becomes more slowly with the increase of the displacement ductility. The equivalent viscous damping ratio is defined as the ratio of the dissipated energy in one cycle of hysteresis curves and increases with the lateral displacement.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.587-598
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• 2008

In the trackbed design using elastic multi-layer model, the stress-dependent resilient modulus is an important input parameter, which reflects substructure performance under repeated traffic loading. The resilient moduli of crushed stone and weathered granite soil were developed using nonlinear dynamic stiffness, which can be measured by in-situ and laboratory seismic tests. The prediction models of resilient modulus varying with the deviatoric or bulk stress were proposed (Park et al., 2008). To investigate the performance of the prediction models proposed herein, the elastic response of the test trackbed near PyeongTaek, Korea was evaluated using a 3-D nonlinear elastic computer program (GEOTRACK) and compared with measured elastic vertical displacement during the passages of freight and passenger trains. The material types of the test sub-ballasts are crushed stone and weathered granite soil, respectively. The calculated vertical displacements within the sub-ballasts are within the order of 1mm, and agree well with measured values with the reasonable margin. The prediction models are thus concluded to work properly in the preliminary investigation. The prediction models proposed for resilient modulus were verified by the comparison of the calculated vertical displacements with measured ones during train passages.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.401-413
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• 2015

In this study the progressive collapse resisting capacity of a RC beam-column subassemblage with and without strengthening was investigated. Total of five specimens were tested; two unreinforced specimens, the one designed as gravity load-resisting system and the other as seismic load-resisting system, and three specimens reinforced with: (i) bonded strand, (ii) unbonded strand, and (iii) side steel plates with stud bolts. The two-span subassemblages were designed as part of an eight-story RC building. Monotonically increasing load was applied at the middle column of the specimens and the force-displacement relationships were plotted. It was observed that the gravity load-resisting specimen failed by fractures of re-bars in the beams. In the other specimens no failure was observed until the maximum displacement capacity of the actuator was reached. Highest strength was observed in the structure with unbonded strand. The test result of the specimen with side steel plates in beam-column joints showed that the force-displacement curve increased without fracture of re-bars. Based on the test results it was concluded that the progressive collapse resisting capacity of a RC frame could be significantly enhanced using unbonded strands or side plates with stud bolts.