• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2024

본 연구는 수직농장에서 고부가가치 작물 생산을 위한 약용 작물 8종에 대한 종자의 형태 및 온도, 광 처리에 따른 발아에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 약용 종자 8종을 선별하여 종자의 형태를 종자의 길이, 종자의 너비, 종자의 길이/너비의 비율 및 백립중 측정하였으며, 종자의 수분함량을 확인하였다. 약용 종자 8종을 파종하여 온도(15, 20, 25, 25/15℃) 및 광 처리에 따라 발아율, 발아세, 평균 발아 속도, 평균 발아 일수를 조사하였다. 약용 종자 8종에 따라 각기 다른 종자 형태를 보였다. 종자의 수분함량은 약용 종자 5종에서 20% 이상의 흡수율을 보였다. 50%가 넘는 발아율을 보인 약용 종자는 당귀(참당귀), 더덕, 식방풍(갯기름나물) 및 우슬(쇠무릎) 종자였다. 당귀 종자는 25/15℃ 광 조건에서 발아율이 67.34 ± 4.38%로 보였으며, 더덕 종자는 온도 및 광 처리 조건 모두에서 50% 이상의 발아율과 특히15℃ 암 조건에서 82.67 ± 1.46% 가장 높은 발아율을 보였다. 식방풍 종자는 20℃ 암 조건에서 52.34 ± 1.77%의 발아율을 보였고, 우슬 종자 15℃의 암 조건에서 51.67 ± 3.79%로 가장 높은 발아율을 보였다. 최대 발아세는 더덕 종자에서 74.00 ± 4.94%였습니다. 식방풍 종자에서 최대 평균 발아 일수는 14.94 ± 0.15일이었다. 황기 종자에서 34.19 ± 4.71로 최대 평균 발아 속도를 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 약용 종자별 특성들을 기초로 수직농장에서 생산하기 위해 종자 발아 특성 분석을 통해 당귀, 더덕, 황기 종자가 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.353-366
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• 1995

To study the relationship between the germination response and geographical distribution, the seeds of Rumex acetocella were collected from nine sites (Taegwallyong, Alps lodge, Kans'ong, Sokch'o, Chumunjin, Suwon, Taechon, Sukgok, Mokpo) of different latitudes and altitudes. The populations of Rumex acetocella were subdivided into four groups based on the characteristics of the seed germination. The first group of Rumex acetocella (Taegwallyong, Alps lodge) germinated rapidly in early spring, the second group (Suwon, Teachon) in late summer through early autumn, and the third group(Sukgok, Mokpo) slowly in late autuman with various conditions. The thermal time values needed for the germination rate of 10% to 60% for these three groups indicated that the germination rate was low at the lower latitude, while it was increased as the latitude elevated. The population of the fouth group (Kansong, Sokcho, Chumunjin) showed the narrow optimum temperature range of germination response and the highest thermal time value to germinate 10% to 30% of seeds. The seeds in the high latitude region with relatively mild winter germinated synchronously in early autumn. These different germination responses of Rumex acetocella to geographic variations were thought to be an ecological strategy to survive in different environmental conditions.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2001

In an effort to investigate the germination and growth characteristics of tannin containing forage crops (such as chicory, birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus pedunculatus, sulla, lespedeza, crownvetch, sainfoin), germinativity, seedling vigor, and productivity were studied. Although the cumulative germination percentage (CGP) of chicory and birdsfoot trefoil was low, the germination rate(GR) and days to reach 50% of final germination(Gt50) were excellent. Crownvetch, lespedeza and sainfoin showed poor germination. Chicory seeds were light but the rate of emergence and establishment were high. Seeds of Lotus pedunculatus and birdsfoot trefoil were also small, but their rates of emergence and establishment were quite good. On the other hand, seeds of sainfoin and crownvetch were heavy but their emergence and establishment rate were very low. Lespedeza was the best in getting over the hot summer, and crownvetch also survived well during summer. Chicory was good in productivity and early growing but its persistence was not good. In case of birdsfoot trefoil and Lotus pedunculatus their early growing were slow but their productivity and persistence were fairly well. Lespedeza, crownvetch, and sainfoin showed poor growth in Korea. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that chicory would be better to use as short term high productive forage crop, and Lotus pedunculatus and birdsfoot trefoil could be used as continuous functional forage crops in Korea. (Key words : Tannin. Germination. Chicory. Birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus pedunculatus)

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2016

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of germination temperature, storage container and storage temperature on Scrophularia buergeriana and Scrophularia takesimensis seeds. Methods and Results: Seed lengths of both species were 0.8 mm, while seed width differed, with S. buergeriana measuring 0.5 mm and S. takesimensis measuring 0.4 mm. The seeds of S. buergeriana were packaged in paper containers under room temperature ($15^{\circ}C$), cold temperature ($4^{\circ}C$), and freeze temperature ($-20^{\circ}C$). These seeds exhibited around 80% germination rate at temperatures between $15^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The germiantion rate of S. takesimensis, on the other hand, differed significantly at different germination temperatures. Seeds of S. takesimensis which were packaged in vinyl and paper containers and stored under room and cold temperatures, exhibited around 80% germination rate at $15^{\circ}C$. However, the germination rate of freeze-stored seeds were decreased to lower than 20% at germination temperatures of $15^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ germiantion conditions. The rate of germination showed a low positive to a significantly negativie correlation with the other factor that were determined to evaluate the germination performance. Conclusions: This study elucidates the most suitable germination and storage conditions to increase the germination rate for the two species of Scrophularia buergeriana and Scrophularia takesimensis needs to be stored in paper containers under cold temperature and requires a temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ for germination. On the other hand, S. takesimensis in vinyl containers need to be stored at room temperature and those in paper containers at cold temperature, and a temperature of $15^{\circ}C$ is required for germination.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 제10차 국제학술회의 및 추계정기 학술발표회
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• pp.43-43
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• 2003

Multiple regression equations (Rehman et al. 2000) have been developed to predict the salinity tolerance of Acacia seeds, expressed as the I$\sub$50/ (the concentration of NaCl required to reduce final germination to 50% of the control value in DW). Accurate predictions can be made using one or more chemical and biological seed parameters. In this study the theoretical effect of varying final germination percentage in distilled water, germination rate in distilled water. (Rate), Ca$\^$2+/ or K$\^$+/ contents and their ratios, as independent factors or related factors, on the predicted salinity tolerance (I$\sub$50/) of Acacia species was investigated. Simulation of the effects of changing final germination, rate, calcium and potassium suggest the possibility of practical application of these results to modify the salinity tolerance of seeds. The predicted I$\sub$50/ increased with increasing final germination. Similarly, the higher the rate of germination, the higher the predicted salt tolerance of Acacia species. The Ca$\^$2+/ content of seeds was found to be positively correlated with I$\sub$50/. Species with higher Ca$\^$2+/ contents had a higher I$\sub$50/. This suggests that I$\sub$50/ might be increased by increasing the Ca$\^$2+/ contents of seeds by pretreatment with calcium salts or by supplying these to the mother plants.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2004

The responses of soybean seeds were evaluated to accelerated aging and gamma irradiation with regard to germination, seed leakage, seed leachate component and dry weight of hypocotyl and primary root of the germinating seed. Accelerated aging significantly reduced the final germination rate while gamma irradiation increased the final germination rate. Furthermore, the interactive effects occurred that the final germination rate of 5-day aged seeds increased considerably in response to 4 Gy of gamma irradiation. The extent to which the electrolyte was leaked from the seeds (conductivity) was significantly affected by accelerated aging and showed a close negative correlation with the germination rate. Gamma irradiation, however, did not significantly affect the electrical conductivity of seed leachate. The accelerated aging significantly increased the concentrations of the particular electrolytes leaked from the seeds while the gamma irradiation did not affect those concentrations. Of the electrolytes leaked from the seeds, Ca and Mg showed relatively lower concentrations while K showed greater concentrations than others. Moreover, N and P showed similar responses to aging treatment. Aging treatment significantly affected dry weight (DW) of hypocotyls and primary root. Also, gamma irradiation decreased DW of hypocotyls and primary root, particularly for 8 Gy associated with 5 days aging treatment. The data were discussed in terms of the relationships of seed vigor with aging treatment and gamma irradiation.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.215-215
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• 2017

The preference for domestic cereal crop of Setaria Italica has been increased with the recent interest in healthy foods. However, the productivity of Korean domestic produce, which has been decreasing due to the lack of cultivation technology and the low rate of mechanization during cultivation. Increase of germination ability will have a positive effect on the cultivation by reducing the labor of the manpower consuming and weeding work. Therefore, red light, ultrasonication, liquid priming and liquid smoke treatment that are effective for the germination of the seeds evaluated. The seeds of 1.4mm or more were used for the experiment. The priming solution used in the experiment was 1% $KH_2PO_4$ (74mM). During the priming, the light treated seeds at 2000 lux for 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Ultrasonicationd treatment was performed for 5, 10, and 20 minutes at exposures of 60%, 80%, and 100% of ultrasound up to 21.6 kHz during priming. Light or ultrasound treated seeds transferred to priming treatment at $15^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The treatment of the liquid smoke was divided into the treatment of the liquid smoke alone and the treatment of the liquid smoke with the priming. The liquid smoke alone was diluted with distilled water without priming solution and the treatment of the liquid smoke was diluted with the salt priming solution. Both treatments were performed at 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0%, and 10.0% of the liquid smoke (pH7) concentration at $15^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours. After each treatment, the seeds were dried to moisture content ranged 5-8% at $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. All treatments showed better results than the non-treated control. Light treatment for 120 minutes improved for germination percentage (GP), Germination uniformity (GU) and heath seed percentage (HS). Ultrasonication treatment was most effective when treated with ultrasound at 21.6 kHz for 5 minutes in all germination characteristics. Ten % of the liquid smoke increase in 92% GP, 1.8 days MGT, $54%{\cdot}day^{-1}GR$, 0.76 GU and 88% HS comparing to non-treated control (72% GP, 2.3 days MGT, $45%{\cdot}day^{-1}GR$, 1.48 GU, and 63 % HS). This study showed that it is possible to obtain high germination by adding liquid smoke treatment to the seeds supplied to the farmers. The efficacy of light, ultrasonication, inorganic salt priming, and liquid smoke treatment on the seeds found in the experiment will be a positive alternative to labor force problems in the cultivation by improving germination.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

Salicornia europaea (glasswort) is succulent, annual, halophytic plant mainly distributed throughout reclaimed land or salt marsh. It has strong tolerance to salt so that it plays the part of the pioneer species in the first succession. According to domestic and foreign studies, S. europaea contains plenty of minerals and antioxidant in the body. Since people take note of an availableness of this plant as health diet, the natural growth sites are threatened. In addition to development of salt marsh and sea shore, imprudent harvest has a bad effect to S. europaea population maintenance. To seek ways to preserve the population of this plant, we carried out the continuity of seed germination and restoration test. Seokmo Island, Daebu Island, Youngjong Island and Sudokwon landfill in Korea are selected sites for research. Result of germination continuity shows that most S. europaea seeds germinate on March but no more after July. However the germination was occurred after that time in the greenhouse. So we concluded that no germination after July is a matter of environmental condition not the number of remaining seeds. Also germination was seldom occurred in the spot where seeds production was not happened. In result of continuity test of seed germination by soil depth, germination was occurred vigorously only in top soil. From these results, we note that most S. europaea germinate in the early spring, and germination is finished by July. And this rapid germination speed makes the number of seeds in soil seed bank rare. If a large number of S. europaea in some area are harvested after July, the number of this species will dramatically decrease in that area the following year. In Seokmo Island, we carried out reintroduction experiment by sowing S. europaea seeds. On the first year, a small number of S. europaea settled and they produced seeds successfully. On April 2010, the second year, we observed many S. europaea in seed sowing sites. And we found out that plowing is more efficient than treatment sea water for settlement of S. europaea.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2015

This study was conducted to improve the postharvest storage techniques of managing and storing seeds, to test qualities and viabilities of the seeds and to examine the germination rate and the protein expression of Achyranthes japonica Nakai. The seeds collected from different areas of Je-Cheon and Gwang-Ju were stored with different temperatures and durations. Two plant growth regulators and two seed priming were treated to investigate their effect on the germination rates and the days required for germination. The weight of one hundred seed collected in Gwang-Ju was heavier than those in Je-Cheon. Seed length collected in Gwang-Ju was also longer about 5.12 mm than those in Je-Cheon about 4.90 mm and seed width was longer in Gwang-Ju than those in Je-Cheon. The rates of seed germination in two different collection areas were higher about 2.9 to 13.0% in Gwang-Ju compared to those in Je-Cheon. Comparing its rates with the storing temperatures and durations, they were not clearly different in between $4^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ and they also were gradually decreased with getting longer storing durations. The germination rates treated by plant growth regulators were higher with $GA_3$ than those with Kinetin. The highest seed germination rate was appeared at 50 ppm of $GA_3$. Comparing its rates with different seed priming, they were relatively higher with $KNO_3$ than those with PEG6000. In protein expression patterns between before the germinating and after the germinating of seeds, more and clear bands were appeared in the seed after the germination compared to those before the germination of seeds, especially 10 ~ 20 kDa. These results showing more and clear bands were more clearly appeared in Gwang-Ju compared to Je-Cheon. Comparing the protein expression with plant growth regulators and seed primings, $GA_3$ was better expression than those with Kinetin and $KNO_3$ was better than those with PEG6000. More and clear bands were closely related to the germination rates of seeds and more detailed studies would be required.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 1987

E. colona 종자(種子)의 휴면성(休眠性) 및 광(光)과 발아관여기체(發芽關與氣體)에 대한 발아(發芽) 반응성(反應性)을 조사(調査)하였다. E. colona는 휴면상성(休眠賞醒)을 위해 후숙기간(後熟期間)을 요(要)하지 않하였다. 종피(種皮)를 통(通)한 수분(水分) 이동(移動)은 용이(容易)하였다. 수화(水和) 및 건조(乾燥)의 반복처리(反復處理)는 종자(種子)의 발아력(發芽力)을 감소(減少)시켰다. 24 시간(時間)의 종자(種子) 침윤(浸潤)으로 수분함량(水分含量)은 21%까지 증가(增加)되었으나, 실온(室溫)에서 13 시간(時間) 후(後)에는 원상태(原狀態)로 회복(回復)되었다. 종피(種皮)의 제거(除去)는 암조건하(暗條件下)에서 발아율(發芽率)을 현저히 증가(增加)시켰으며, 광(光)은 완전종자(完全種子)의 발아(發芽)를 촉진(促進)시켰다. 일광도(日光度) 51.9$Wm^{-2}$ 이하(以下)의 조건하(條件下)에서의 발아(發芽)는 현저하게 감소(減少)되었다. 광조사(光照射) 1일(日) 1시간(時間) 처리(處理)는 1일(日) 2 시간(時間) 이상(以上) 처리(處理)에 비하여 현저하게 낮은 발아율(發芽率)을 보였다. 청색광(靑色光) 조사(照射) 종자(種子)는 적색광(赤色光) 조사(照射)에 비하여 발아(發芽)가 지연(遲延)되었으며, 발아율(發芽率)도 낮았다. 광존재하(光存在下)에 외생적(外生的)으로 처리(處理)한 에칠렌 및 탄산가스는 발아(發芽)를 촉진(促進)시켰으며, 이 두 기체(氣體)의 동시처리(同時處理)는 공력효과(共力效果)를 나타내었다. 그러나 암조건하(暗條件下)에서는 이 두 기체(氣體)의 작용력(作用力)이 나타나지 않하였다.