• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.535-539
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• 2009

The time of seed collection is regarded as one of major concerns to obtain sound seeds. The physical and germinal aspects of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (Taxodiaceae) seeds were analyzed to determine the optimum harvesting time in Korea. Cones were picked every 10 days from the $30^{th}$ of July to the $30^{th}$ of October in both 2005 and 2006. Seeds were collected from picked cones. Seed size and weight were not significant in two consecutive years. The 1,000-seed weight was 3.3 g for cones picked at the $18^{th}$ of August and 5.3 g for cones picked at the $30^{th}$ of September. The size of seeds was increased as the time of collection from the $18^{th}$ of August to the $30^{th}$ of September: from 19.3 mm to 21.3 mm in length and from 15.8 mm to 18.5 mm in width. Average germination rates in 2005 was 18.3% and 19.6% in 2006. The highest germination rate was 34.3% from seeds collected at the $30^{th}$ of September in 2005. In 2006, the highest germination rate was 31.7% for seeds collected at the same date as the 2005 seeds. After the end of September, germination rate was decreased in both years. The results implied that the best cone picking time for Korean C. japonica seeds is around the end of September.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 1996

The influences of testa-removal of seed, partial cutting of embryo, xylene treatment, growth regulator, chemical treatment and low temperature treatment on the seed germination of Lycoris aurea were investigated. The germination rate of the testa-removed seeds was higher than that of the whole seeds, and the seeds treated by testa-removal+xylene was 63% of germination. $GA_3$ was more effective than kinetin treatment, and seeds treated with $GA_3$ 200ppm showed 60% of germination. $KNO_3$ was more effective than KOH treatment, and seeds treated with 0. 1% $KNO_3$ was 76% of germination. The seeds, stored for two months at $5^{\circ}C$, showed the highest germination rate with 93%

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.694-699
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• 2002

The present experiment was carried out to determine the effect of seed-coat softening by various chemicals, washing, chilling, and light treatment alone and in combination during desiccation of seeds on germination of gourd (Lagenaria siceraria Standl.) seeds. Potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, acetone, acetonitrile, and acetamide were used as chemicals for the softening. Washing, prechilling, drying and light treatment of the softened seeds were done for a hour with tap water, for one or three weeks at 3$^{\circ}C$, 12 hr at 35$^{\circ}C$, and 14 hr a day at 3$0^{\circ}C$ with red light illumination or darkness, respectively. FR-yongjadaemok and FR-kunghap were used as test cultivars. Seed-coat softening with 10% acetone and acetonitrile for 1 hour enhanced and accelerated seed germination compared to the other chemicals and water imbibition. KOH treated for the softening was necessary to increase the germination rate of seeds for following chilling, but acetone did not influence their germinability regardless of chilling. Washing the softened seeds in tap water increased the germination rate in comparison with no-washing. During desiccation of the seeds sequentially treated with the softening, washing and chilling, red light treatment showed higher germination rate than dark one, suggesting that red light treatment are necessary during desiccation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2006

Priming of seeds in 150 mM KCI at $10^{\circ}C$ for 6 days was most effective in increasing germination rate and shortening germination time. Germination rate of primed seeds was increased to 96% which is about 14% higher than that of non-primed seeds. Germination temperature for better priming effects from primed onion seeds was 10 to $15^{\circ}C$ which is relatively lower than that of normal germination temperature of $20^{\circ}C$. Drying primed seeds at $20^{\circ}C$ for 5 hours resulted in best priming effects.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.292-298
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• 2009

This study investigated the microbial safeties and germination rates of five domestic sprout species(alfalfa, broccoli, clover, red cabbage, and red radish) grown from disinfected seeds. The 48 h germination rates of all seeds were over 90%, regardless of treatment. Seed total plate count(TPC) and coliform levels were reduced significantly(p<0.05) by treatment with 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite solution at $25^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, following FDA recommendations. However, after germination, all sprouts regardless of treatment exhibited bacterial counts of $10^7-10^8CFU/g$. Listeria monocytogenes was detected at $10^3-10^4CFU/g$ on germinated non-disinfected clover seeds at days 1, 2, and 5. In conclusion, although sprout germination from disinfected seeds potentially permits the growth of sprouts with lower pathogen counts, there were no significant differences in TPC or coliform levels between sprouts grown from disinfected seeds and control sprouts. Further work is needed to improve the microbial safety of cultivated sprouts and to find optimal conditions for seed germination.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.125-129
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• 1968

For the study of method for promoting the germination of Korean sod seeds harvseted newly some physical and chemical treatments were tested in this experiment. The summarized results of these tests are as follows: 1. Storage of wet seed in low temperature of 0~$2^{\circ}C$ during 2~30 days was seemed the most effective treatment for promoting the germination of sod seed. 2. The treatment that Soaking and mixing up the seeds in cone sulphuric acid about one and half minutes and then washing off in the water promoted fairly the germination of sod seeds. 3. Better germination of sod seeds was found in the light than in the dark or soil. 4. Cutting the top of seed and crushing of seed coat with sand seemed to promote slightly the germination of sod seeds. 5. No promoting effect for germination of sod seeds was found with treatments of Gibberellin, $NH_4$ $NO_3$ and NAA.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.394-400
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• 2013

This study was carried out in order to examine the germination characteristics of Atractylodes japonica seeds, and it was to develop the more efficient pre-treatment and production system of the seeds. Experiment was performed by two ways-temperature control (10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$) and shading treatment (full sunlight, 35, 50, 75, 95% of full sunlight). Seed pre-treatment before the each experiment was carried out by temperature (with low temperature and wetting treatment (LTW) for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days) and shading treatment (with drying at room temperature (DRT), drying at low temperature (DLT) and water soaking (WS) for 48 hours). Seeds of A. japonica were germinated well under temperature control (overall 85.3~100%), especially high temperature. And, the seeds pre-treated with LTW for 45 days germinated with a 100% success rate. Under the surveying shading treatment, the highest germination rate was 95.8% with DRT and overall 63.2~95.8%. Germination rate under seeds with WS was 63.2~7.8%. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, A. japonica seeds don't need to pre-treat cause of high germination, but if it is performed with LTW for a certain period of time, it would be more productive.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2018

This study was carried out to develop the seed propagation method of Dicenta spectabilis (L.) Lem. which is an ornamental plant native to Korea. In the previous studies, it was found that the seeds of D. spectabilis were morphophysiologically dormant (MPD), and high and low temperature of stratification were continuously required for the embryo growth and germination of the seeds. Especially, it was most effective to store for 1 month at $20^{\circ}C$ and then to transfer to $4^{\circ}C$. The treatment of $GA_3$ was carried out to promote embryo development and germination. The seeds were submerged in 100, 200 or $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ for 72 hours and then stored at various conditions as follow. The temperature conditions disposed of this experiment were 1 month at 10, 15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$ or 2, 4, 8, and 12 months at $4^{\circ}C$, respectively. As a result, the length of embryo and germination rate of the seeds were the best when stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 8 months after $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ treatment. Besides, when the seeds stored at $4^{\circ}C$, significant differences in embryo length and germination rate were shown with $GA_3$ concentration and storage period. It was also proved that high-concentration of $GA_3$ could replace the high temperature and could promote germination. Consequentially, the D. spectabilis seeds were classified into intermediate simple levels among MPD types.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.318-325
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• 1998

To investigate changes in protein and total lipid contents, seed storage protein pattern, and fatty acid composition of germination perilla(Perilla frutescens) seeds. Also, the corresponding value components in cotyledons, hypocotyles and roots were measured according to germination stage. The results were summarized as follows ; During germination, pertein and total lipid contents of Yepsilldalggae and Kwangyang cultivar were decreased continuously. In particular, protein contents rapidly decreased to the 3 days after germination(DAG), and then total lipid contents rapidly decreased between 3 DAG and 10 DAG. In changes of protein and total lipid contents of cotyledons, protein contents of Yeupsildalggae was increased during the germination, but Kwangyang cultivar was decreased during the same periods. The total lipids contents of Yeupsildalggae and Kwangyang cultivar were decreased during the germination. According to SDS-PAGE analysis, there was no detectible polypeptide bands on the gel before seed germination suggesting that this may be due to the rapid degradation of the storage proteins in the mature seed by hydrolyttic enzymes during the stage. During germinatation , the polypeptide band with 27$\sim$28KD of Yeupsildalggae and Kwangyang cultivar were accumulated gradually. In changes of fatty acid composition of total lipid of Yeupsildalggae and Kwangyang cultivar , saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid and stearic acid increased during the germination. On the other hand, unsaturated fatty acid such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid decreased during the same periods. However, oleic acid increased to the 5 DAG, and then was repidly decreased.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 1986

The physiological aspects of tobacco seeds from seeding to germination under light and dark condition, and different temperature were studied to obtain basic information on the production of good seedlings. There were distinct three phases in moisture uptake and respiration process during germination that classifiable into 'Imbibition', 'Lag', and 'Growth' phase under light condition but such growth phase were not observed in the dark germination. Great changes of sugar and fatty acid content of tobacco seeds were observed during germination in light condition but such changes were slight in dark germinated seeds and fatty acid content of seeds during germination were decreased as corresponding to increasing in respiration.