• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1987.07a
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• pp.191-211
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• 1987

Common usage of the concept of juvenility implies that there is one physiological phase, the juvenile phase, which manifests itself in the various morphological and physiological phenomena observed in juvenile higher plants. The juvenile phase is often defined as that time from seed germination until the plant attains the ability to flower regulating such behaviour. This definition precludes plants from flowering in the juvenile phase. It is of major interest, therefore, to identify the physiological controls(Bluehreife) regulating such behavior. The length of the juvenile period in higher plants ranges from one year to over 60 years in different species. The long juvenile period of seedling is the main cause of the long duration of the breeding process. I determined the length of the juvenile period in various plants and its control of phase changes in natural system in relation to factors such as plant size and age, shoot morphology, apex size, root system and phytohormonal and nutritional status is reviewed. From the own experimental and observational evidence available it appears that both hormonal and nutritional factors can be involved in control of juvenility but that a specific juvenile or flowering hormone is not involved. Grafting, ringing, scoring, root pruning and fertilization have been used to accelerate flowering, but in most cases these cultured treatments are only successful on plants that were passed the juvenile phase. It is suggested that there are intrinsic difference between the meristematic cells of the apieces of juvenile and adult shoot, which are thus determined with respect to there development potentialities. The problems associated with the maintenance of the determined state through mitosis are discussed. The properties of transitional forms of Ribes nigrum L. intermediate between the juvenile and adult phase, are descrived and there implications discussed. Analogies are drawn between juvenile phenomena in woody perennials and in herbaceous species.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2003

As a part of agricultural utilization of charcoal and pyroligneous acid, the effect of wood carbonization products on the growth of red pepper and soil microorganisms was investigated. The treatment of charcoal and pyroligneous acid provided good growth conditions to microorganisms through neutralizing soil acidity and improving the physicochemical properties of soil. Therefore the density of useful microorganism in the soil has been increased. In the growth of red pepper, the length, diameter, and the fruit numbers of red pepper have been increased by treating with wood carbonization products. It was especially shown that yield has increased about 50% in the fruit number, by treating charcoal 1kg, 1000 time-diluted solution of pyroligneous acid and bacteria, compared with the control. It was estimated that increasing the length of seedling and the diameter of red pepper stem contributed to the resistance against the prerequisites of various environmental changes in open field. Therefore, the final yield would be increased. In the antagonism experiment of red pepper mold (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), the mold became extinct in the 2- and 10-time diluted solution of pyroligneous acid, compared with the control. On the other hand, their growth speed was delayed in the 100- and 1000 time-diluted solution.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 1997

Effects of DIF on stem elongation in plug seedlings of mini tomato ‘Mini Carol’ and on the growth and flowering after transplanting were investigated. Stem elongation of seedlings was mainly influenced by day temperature rather than night temperature. When the effect of ＋DIF was compared to that of -DIF under the same average daily temperature(ADT), day temperature had greater impact on internode elongation than night temperature. On the other hand, leaf unfolding rate increased and compactness decreased as ADT in creased. Differences in internode length affected by DIF during seedlings stage DIF progressively diminished during growth period after transplanting. Node position at which first flower was initiated was lowered as ADT decreased. It was concluded that DIF treatment was an applicable tool for control of stem elongation, particularly to reduce stem length without a noticeably adverse effect on the growth and development of plant after transplanting.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2003

It was conducted to investigate the effect of rice downy mildew (RDM) infection to plant growth and yield components in water seeding stage, and to screen of varietal resistance to downy mildew. Being infected by rice downy mildew, chlorotic spot appeared in the leaf and leaf length was shortened. As the infected rice was growing, internode was not elongated properly and was deformed, and then panicle was not arised or mal-formed. Plant height of infected rice was shortened at all growth stage, and while the number of tillers of infected rice was more decreased than that of healthy plant before maximum tillering stage, and that of infected rice was more increased after heading stage. While the number of internode of infected tiller was much increased than that of healthy tiller internode length of infected tiller was shorter. As the rice infected by RDM severely, the number of panicles per square meter and ripening of rice was more decreased and yield of rice was extremely much decreased. As result of the varietal resistance screening with rice seedling, Geyh-wabyeo and Donjinbyeo were resistant varieties to downy mildew.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.205-209
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• 2023

Mechanical stimulation induce the morphological changes in plants. In this study, we investigated the growth changes of tomato seedlings applicated to mechanical stimulation. The brushing treatment was used for mechanical stimulation. The brushing treatment interval was 2 hr using transfer device attached acrylic film from 10 days after sowing. Growth parameter of tomato seedlings were measured 3-day intervals to investigate the growth changes during brushing treatment. The plant height and leaf area were decreased in brushing treatment than the control, and the fresh and dry weights of shoot didn't have significant difference in the control and brushing treatment. The total root length and root surface area were increased in brushing treatment compared than the control, and root volume has no significant difference in the control and brushing treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that the application of brushing treatment on tomato seedling make shorten plant height and well-development root morphological characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.282-282
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• 2022

Arsenic (As) is a toxic heavy metal that affects the major rice-growing regions of the world and can cause cancer in humans. Rice paddy fields in South Asia are mostly dependent on arsenic-contaminated water sources due to which rice takes up the arsenic from the soil through roots and accumulates it in plant different parts. Here, we present a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping study to find out candidate genes conferring As toxicity tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the seedling stage. Three weeks old, 120 double haploid CNDH lines derived from a cross between the Indica variety Cheongcheong and the Japonica variety Nagdong and their parental lines were used by treating with 25 μM As. After 2 weeks ofAs stress, 5 traits such as; shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), and chlorophyll contents (CHC) were measured. A linkage map of 12 rice chromosomes was constructed from genotypic data DH lines using 778 SSR markers. The linkage map covered a total genetic distance of 2121.7 cM of the rice genome with an average interval of 10.6 cM between markers. A total of seventeen QTLs (LOD>2) were mapped on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 12 using composite interval mapping with trait-increasing alleles coming from both parents. Five QTLs for SL, Two QTLs for RL, Five QTLs for SHL, Three QTLs for RFW, and Two QTLs for CHC were detected. The QTLs related to CHC were selected for forther study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 1978

The purpose of present study is to analyze the genetic variation of natural stand of Pinus densiflora. In 1975 following after the selection of 1974, twenty trees from each of three natural populations of the species were selected and their open-pollinated seeds were collected, and the locations and conditions of the populations ate presented in table 1, 2 and figure 1. Some morphological traits of the populations were already detailed in our second report of this series, in which Myong-Ju and Ul-Jin populations were regarded to be superior phenotypically to suweon population. The morphological traits of cone, seed and seed-wing, and also the growth performances and needle characters of the seedling were observed in the present study according to the previous methods. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The meteorological data obtained by averaging the records of 30 year period (1931~1960) measured from the nearest meteorological stations to each population are shown in fig.2, 3, 4. The distributional patterns of investigated climate factors are generally considered to be similar among the locations. However, the precipitation density during growing season and the air temperature during dormant season on Suweon area, population 6, were quite different from those of the other areas. 2. The measurements of fresh cone weight, length, diameter and cone index, i.e., length to diameter ratio are presented in table 7. As shown in table 7, all these traits except for cone diameter seem to be highly significant in population differences and family differences within population. 3. The morphological traits of seed and seed-wing are detailed in table 8, 9, and highly significant differences are recognized among the populations and the families within population in seed-wing length, seed-wing index, seed weight, seed-length and seed index but not among the populations in the other observed traits. The values of correlation coefficient between the characters of cone and seed are given in table 10 and the positive significant correlations can be observed in the most parts of the compared traits. 4. Significant statistical differences among populations and families within population are observed in the growth performances of 1-0 and 1-1 seedling height of these progenies. But the differences in root collar diameter are shown only among families within population. As shown in table 13, the most parts of correlations are not significant statistically between the growth performances of seedling and the seed characters. 5. The number of stomata row on both sides of needle and the serration density were measured in the seedlings from each of the families of the three populations. As shown in table 15, statistical differences are considered to be significant among the populations and among the families within population in serration density but not among the populations in stomata row on both sides of the needle. The results differ from those of the third report of this series. Even if one of the reason seems to be the diversity of selected populations, it could not be confirmed definitely. The correlations between progenies and parents are not generally observed in the investigated traits of needle as shown in table 16.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.329-339
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• 1996

This study is to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal development, growth, nutrient absorption of P. thunbergii seedlings inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius(Pt. KJ-1) in relation to toxic materials in soil. The concentrations on copper solution applied to the soils were 0, 40, 120, 260, 430ppm. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The germination of P. thunbergii with Pt. increased greater than without ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal development showed a significant decreasing trend at high concentration, and tolerant Cu test with Pt. in agar plate media showed a decreasing trend at a high level. 2. P. thunbergii seedlings inoculated with Pt. showed that the shoot length was significantly promoted at 40, 120ppm copper levels, and that of noninoculated seedlings had the lowest effect in 430ppm copper level. 3. The outer shape of ectomycorrhizal root tips after inoculating Pt. on P. thunbergii seedlings appeared as a monopodial type, a fern-like type, and a cluster-like type at 0ppm, 40ppm levels, but only monopodial type came out at 260ppm, 430ppm copper levels. 4. Root length, no. of juvenile leaves, total length of juvenile leaves, total dry weight, no. of needles and total length of needles of P. thunbergii with Pt. increased greater than those of noninoculated seedling. Growth response of P. thunbergii seedling inoculated with Pt. increased significantly at 40ppm, 120ppm Cu levels. 5. As a result of analysis of growth medium, pH, Na, CEC increased at higher Cu level, and total nitrogen, organic matters, available phosphorous, K, Ca and Mg decreased at 40ppm, 120ppm Cu levels. As a result of an analysis about a copper within soils, it appeared having high Cu-concentration at 0ppm level of an inoculated Pt. and high Cu-concentration in noninoculated Pt. than in inoculated Pt. at higher level. 6. As a result of an analysis of shoot, N, P, and K-concentration were higher in noninoculated seedlings than in inoculated seedlings, and Cu-concentration was higher in inoculated seedlings than in noninoculated seedlings. The analysis of root resulted in a high N-concentration at 40ppm, 120ppm levels, in a high P-concentration in inoculated seedlings and in a high Cu-concentration in noninoculated seedlings. Cu-concentration was significantly higher at root than at shoot.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1681-1689
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate days after anthesis (DAA) and fruit after-ripening period (FAP) for seed-harvesting of high quality watermelon seeds. Fruit weight and number of seed per fruit increased according to DAA, while those did not significant about FAP. Ratio of cotyledon at whole seed was higher about 2 to 4% compared to seed coat irrespective of DAA and FAP. Germinability of watermelon was not a significant effect by DAA, however, it had differences by FAP. Percent of germination (PB) was below 50%, when 30 days maturated fruits after anthesis was omitted ripening, while PB was increased to 92% by ripening. In addition, seeds at DAA 40 and FAP 20 were higher general seedling vigors (hypocotyl length, diameter etc.) in BP test. Results indicated that considering seed productivity, it had maximized seed viability at DAA 40 and FAP 20.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1051-1056
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• 2016

The growth characteristics of Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' seedlings roots in response to trichokonins-spray treatment were investigated in this study. One-year-old seedlings of P. ostii 'Fengdan' were potted in plastic cups containing garden mold and grown under field conditions. The results showed that application of trichokonins significantly promoted root growth in P. ostii 'Fengdan' seedlings. The total root projection area, total root surface area, total root volume, total root length, root number and root diameter of seedlings treated with 0.25 mg/L trichokonins were higher by 141.70, 116.59, 119.44, 55.97, 348.88 and 127.78%, respectively, than that of the control. Thus, the results supported the hypothesis that good growth condition for roots could directly improve their nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency, promoting plant growth and development.