• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 1993

Effects of paper mill sludge-fertilizers were investigated on the growth performances of tree seedlings under field conditions. Two types of sludge-fertilizers applied were an organic sludge compost and a processed sludge-pellet fertilizer strengthened with several components of organic and inorganic nutrients. Three species of tree seedlings studied were ibota privet(Ligustrum obtusifolium) and yellow poplar(Liriodendron tulipifera) of 1-0 year seedlings and also eastern white pine(Pinus strobus) of 2-2 year seedlings. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents of plot soil treated with sludge compost+sludge-pellet fertilizer+sludge-pellet fertilizer plot were increased to 8 times and 2.6 times as those of control plot, respectively. The growth performances of root collar diameter and seedling height were repeatedly measured up to five times through the growing season and the results were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance of randomized block design and Duncan's multiple range test. The growth performances of dry weight were measured after last fifth measurements.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1163-1168
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• 2016

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have gained worldwide importance and acceptance due to their agricultural benefits. These microorganisms are potential tools for sustainable agriculture, with effects on plant growth, biofertilization, induced systemic resistance, and biocontrol of plant pathogens. In this study, four different Pantoea species were isolated from field soil, and their plant growth-promoting characteristics were studied. Based on 16S rDNA gene sequencing analyses, the se were grouped into Pantoea ananatis, Pantoea citrea, Pantoea dispersa, Pantoea vagans and named as Pa1, Pc1, Pd1, Pv1, respectively. All of these strains have their ability for solubilization of insoluble phosphate depending on pH decrease at the range around pH 5 at 1days after inoculation and production of plant hormone indole acetic acid (IAA) with 85.3±16.3 μg/ml of Pa1, 183.9±16.8 μg/ml of Pc1, 28.8±17.3 μg/ml of Pd1 and 114.1±16.5 μg/ml of Pv1, respectively. Pa1, Pc1 and Pd1 also have high activity for production of gibberellin (GA₃) hormone with 331.1±19.2 μg/ml of Pa1, 288.5±16.8 μg/ml of Pc1, 309.2±18.2 μg/ml of Pd1, but Pv1 does not. Furthermore, all these species have significantly promoted the growth of the lettuce seedling plants at the range around 32~37% for fresh weight and 10~15% for shoot length enhancement, so that these microbe could be used as a potential bio-fertilizer agents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.4
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• pp.601-610
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of supplemental UV-B application to the hardening phase of container-grown Betula platyphylla seedlings. The containerized seedlings were grown in a growth chamber for four months and then treated with UV-B(UV-$B_{BE}$ $3.2KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ and $5.2KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$) radiation and water stress regime(irrigation in one week interval) for four weeks. The differences in growth and physiological responses of the seedlings before and after the treatments were analyzed. UV-B radiation and water stress reduced height growth and leaf dry mass accumulation of the seedlings. The root collar diameter growth was reduced by UV-B radiation but increased by water stress. The reduction in leaf dry weight by UV-B radiation and water stress reduced T/R ratio of the seedling. The reduction in T/R ratio was the most apparent by water stress. Chlorophyll index observed by a chlorophyll meter was the lowest in the $5.2KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ of UV-B radiation, and those in the $3.2KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ and water stress were similar. UV-B radiation and water stress reduced both water content in the seedlings and leaf water potential, and increased leaf osmatic pressure. The water content of leaves and shoots was reduced more rapidly by UV-B radiation than by water stress treatment. In conclusion, growth responses and physiological changes in water relation by supplemental UV-B radiation which was applied to the hardening phase of container-grown Betula platyphylla seedlings were similar results to the water stress treatment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.372-377
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• 2017

This research was performed to develop mass propagation method of Alpine modest primrose (Primula modesta var. hannasanensis T.Yamaz.) for improving the conservation and utilization of the species. Seeds were collected on August 2011 in Jeju-city and well-selected seeds were dry-stored at $4{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$. Seed size ranged $0.44{\pm}0.07{\times}0.61{\pm}0.04mm$, and weight of 1,000 seeds was $51.78{\pm}0.021mg$. Thus the seed was classified as 'dwarf seeds'. As the result of dormancy characteristics, moisture content of freshly matured seeds increased rapidly by water-soaking treatment and seeds did not germinate at $20^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks under the light condition. Therefore, seeds were estimated to have physiological dormancy. Germination conditions of dry-stored seeds were found to be $20^{\circ}C$ and light condition, and seeds did not germinated under dark condition regardless of all temperature regimes. Therefore, Alpine modest primrose seed was considered as photoblastic type. Percent germination (PG) and germination energy (GE) were greatly improved by soaking the seeds in $GA_3$ and kinetin for 24 hours. Especially, 200~500 mg/L $GA_3$ treatment resulted in the highest PG (95.5%) and GE (98.3%). So, chemical treatment such as $GA_3$ was thought to be a useful method for raising seedling uniformly.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 1981

Respiration of whole seeds and seed parts isolated from four soybean varieties Essex, Pickett, Wayne and Bonus as measured at $25^{\circ}C$ during germination. The average respiration rates of cotyledons were significantly higher than those of other parts. The values were 35.7, 28.0 and $23.9{\mu}hr^{-1}$ seed$^{-1}$ for cotyledons, embyros, and hila, respectively. Bonus showed a significantly lower respiration rate than the other varieties did. The interaction of variety x seed part was not significant source of variation for respiration. This suggests that seed part and variety independently contribute to soybean seed respiration during early imbibition. The effects of imbibition time and time x variety intereaction on whole seed respiration were significant, but the variety effect was not significant. The correlation coefficient between seed moisture content and respiration after 24 hours of imbibition was significant for Bonus, but not for the other varieties tested. This suggests that Bonus may require more water for respiration during imbibition than the other varieties. There as no significant correlation of whole seed respiration rate after 24 hours imbibition with seed weight or seedling length.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.784-788
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• 2015

A new cultivar 'Picnic' originated from an artificial cross between 'Fuji' and 'Sansa' at National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science in 1994. The cultivar was preliminarily selected among the elite siblings for its high fruit quality in 2003. After regional adaptability tests in five districts for four subsequent years as 'Wonkyo Ga-34', it was ultimately selected in 2008. Optimum harvest time is late September. Mature fruit has mean weight of 233 g and is conic with light red skin on a greenish yellow ground and yellowish white flesh. The fruit contains a favorable total soluble solids content at $13.8^{\circ}Brix$ and titratable acidity at 0.43%, which results in gustatory harmony between sugars and acids. It is not resistant to bitter rot or Marssonina blotch. 'Picnic' exhibits a physiological cross compatibility with leading cultivars such as 'Fuji', 'Hongro' and 'Tsugaru'. Tree topology is semi-spreading with a weak growth habit.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2004

To investigate the effect of charcoal on the physico-chemical characteristics in the growing media and the growth of oriental melon, six treatment, 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% charcoal, were added into the growing media, Baroker. The value of pH in the charcoal contained growing media (CGM) was recorded higher and further increased by raising the charcoal ratio and by growing period. In 20% CGM, the range of pH was adequate to grow crop as 5.2${\sim}$5.8. Contents of Ca and K in CGM increased by raising the ratio of charcoal, while contents of Mg and Na decreased. The growth of oriental melon seedlings in 20% and 30% CGM was better than in other treatments, in terms of fresh and dry weight of shoot, plant height, leaf area, lear width and relative growth rate. Both the physico-chemical properties of growing media and the growth of oriental melon seedlings were changed by the addition of charcoal. These results suggest that charcoal can be used as mixing material with other potting media for producing the seedling of good quality.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chemical treatments and electric and magnetic field treatments on germination and seedling growth of onion (Allium cepa L.). Germination ratios of the onion seed were not much different among the tested species. However, germination ratio was much higher in species of small and medium size seed than that of large one. Moisture content of the seeds was shown to be more suitable in the range of 10-15% for seed germination compare to that of 20%. The germination ratio of onion seeds was found to be increased by the chemical treatments in the order of GA<$NaNO_3$<$KNO_3$. In particular, the treatments with 0.1 and 0.2% $KNO_3$ increased the germination ratio by 13 and 15% compared to that of the non-treatment. The seeds treated with electric or magnetic field resulted in much higher germination ratio and better initial growth. Germination ratios of 86 and 88% were found in the 10 kV and 4 Gauss treatments, respectively. The length and weight of the seedlings grown for 40 days after transplanting were increased by 23-45% with 8 kV and 12 Gauss treatments compared to those of non-treatment.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2011

A comparative study was conducted on genetic correlation between 12 open-pollinated families (32-year-old) and their one-year-old seedlings for early selection on the fast-growing trait in Pinus densiflora S. et Z.. Those twelve families were divided into three groups such as superior, intermediate, and inferior, on the base of the growth indexes of 32-year-old P. densiflora. The growth performance of the 32-year-old P. densiflora showed significant correlation with the growth traits of their one-year-old seedlings. Dry weights of the seedlings had significant correlation (P < 0.01) with the growth index of the adult plants and its $R^2$ value was 0.597, suggesting that 59.7% of the families could be selected by using dry weights of one-year-old seedlings. Furthermore, the growth rates of seedling heights for superior, intermediate, and inferior groups were 4.568, 3.773, and 3.535, respectively, resulting that seedlings of the superior group grew approximately 1.3-fold faster than those of the inferior group. Therefore, we concluded that two growth traits of one-year-old seedlings dry weight and growth rate were suppose to the early selection factors for the fast-growing trait for P. densiflora.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.461-465
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• 2008

"Green King" is a new mini kiwifruit variety developed at the National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture (NISA), RDA in 2005, which was an edible fruit without peeling. This variety was selected from seeds obtained from the cross breeding between Actinidia chinensis cv. "Apple Sensation" and A. arguta in 1998. Seedling and line selections were conducted from 1999 to 2002, and characteristic trials were carried out from 2003 to 2004. The branch of "Green King" sprouts strongly and the color of leaf is slightly dark green. The shape of fruit is cylindric and the color of peel is green or yellowish green without hair. The average weight of fruit is 15.9 g. The core is small and soft, the pericarp is light green. Soluble solids concentration is $15.4^{\circ}Brix$. The fruit is sweet with slightly acid taste, containing total acid 1.3%, and the yield is higher over twice than that of A. arguta. The content of vitamin C is higher than that of A. arguta. The harvesting time is from middle October. This variety can be planted in the central and southern region of Korea.