• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 2012

Seed size has been considered as an effective criteria for selection of the most vigorous seeds in sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench]. The smaller seeds were inferior to the larger sizes in emergence and grain yield. This study was conducted to determine germination rate, field emergence and vigor of sorghum for selection of high quality seed by different seed size. Sorghum cultivar of two (Hwanggeumchal and Tojong) were separated into five seed size proportion (<2.36, 2.80, 3.15, 3.35 and >3.55 mm diam.) according to seed size. The larger seed was more higher 1,000 seeds weight, seed density, carbohydrates and protein content. Total seed germination performing varied 92% at the largest size (>3.55 mm diam.) frequently inferior to slightly 67% at smaller seed (2.36 to 2.80 mm diam.) in the standard germination test. Seed size did have a significant effect on mean emergence time (MET) and maximum emergence rate index (ERI) and percentage of emergence. It should be noted that the results refer to MET of sorghum seeds ranging from 4.26 to 4.74 days. The relationship of seed size was not only to stand establishment but to grain yield. Yield was most affected by seed size and large seeds were superior to the smaller seed in 25~37% of the cases. Especially, yield was significant under 3.15 mm the beginning.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2024

This study confirmed the effects of seed shape, temperature, and light treatment on the germination of eight species of medicinal crops to produce high-value crops in vertical farms. Eight species of medicinal seeds were selected, and the seed shape, seed length, seed width, seed length/width ratio, and one hundred seed weight were measured. The seed moisture content was confirmed. Eight species of medicinal seeds were sown, and the germination rate, germination energy, mean daily germination, and mean germination time were investigated according to temperature (15, 20, 25, 25/15℃) and light treatment. Each of the eight medicinal seeds showed different seed shapes. The moisture content of the seeds showed a moisture content rate of over 20% in the five medicinal seeds. Medicinal seeds that showed a germination rate of over 50% were Angelica gigas Nakai, Codonopsis lanceolata (Siebold & Zucc.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Trautv., and Achyranthes bidentata Blume var. japonica Miq. seeds. A. gigas seed showed a germination rate of 67.34 ± 4.38% under 25/15℃ light conditions, and C. lanceolata seed showed a germination rate of over 50% under both temperature and light treatment conditions, especially the highest germination rate of 82.67 ± 1.46% under 15℃ dark conditions. Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. seed showed a germination rate of 52.34 ± 1.77% under dark conditions at 20℃, and the highest germination rate was 51.67 ± 3.79% under dark conditions at 15℃. The maximum germination energy was 74.00 ± 4.94% in C. lanceolata seed. The maximum mean daily germination was 14.94 ± 0.15 days in P. japonicum seed. Astragalus penduliflorus Lam. var. dahuricus (DC.) X.Y.Zhu seed showed the highest mean germination time of 34.19 ± 4.71. Through this study, it was determined that A. gigas, C. lanceolata, and A. penduliflours seeds would be suitable for production in vertical farms based on the characteristics of each medicinal seed through analysis of seed germination characteristics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 1990

A reproductive potential trial using randomized complete block design with $3{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial, was conducted on 84 Baluchi yearling ewes. Ewes grazed on rangeland dominated by Artemisia maritime and Holoxylon grifthii with or without flushing and supplementation of barley grain (BG) and cotton-seed-cake (CSC) during premating, late pregnancy and lactation of 90 days. Analysis of variance revealed that conception rate which ranged 64.28 to 85.71, was significantly greater (p<.05) in ewes flushed with CSC followed by ewes under BG or control feeding regimes. During the gestation period, liveweight of ewes changed from 31.24 to 21.2 kg. A loss of 32% of initial body weight was observed at lambing. Losses in live weight of ewes, regardless the supplementation, were uniform and non-significantly different. Live weight of ewes at lambing and weaning were also similar. Birth weight of lambs was significantly different at p<.05. Lambs born to larger ewes seemed to be heavier than lighter ones. Lambs suckling to ewes with losses in body weight during lactation gained more weight which was significantly different at p<.05. In the paper, factors affecting the conception rate, changes in liveweight of ewes during gestation and lactation and subsequently growth of lambs are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 1979

The purpose of present study is to analyze the genetic variation of natural stand of Pinus densiflora. In 1976 following after the seletion of 1974 and 1975, twenty trees from each of three natural populations of the species were selected and seeds were collected, and the locations and conditions of populations are presented in table 1, 2 and figure 1. Some morphological traits of the populations were already detailed in our fifth report of this series. The morphological traits of cone, seed and seed-wing, and also the growth performances and needle characters of the seedling were observed in the present study according to the previous methods. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The meteorological data obtained by averaging the records of 30 year period(1931~1960) measured from the nearest meteorological station to each population are shown in fig. 2, 3, 4. The distributional patterns of investigated climate factors are generally considered to be similar among the locations. However, the precipitation density during growing season and the air temperature during dormant season on Samchuk area (Pop. 9) were quite different from those of the other areas. 2. The measurements of fresh cone weight, length, diameter and cone index (i.e.: length to diameter ratio) are presented in table 7. As shown in table 7, all these traits except for cone diameter seem to be not significant in population and to be highly significant in family differences within population. 3. The morohological traits of seed and seed-wing are detailed in table 8, 9, and highly significant differences are recognized among the populations and the families within population in seed weight, seed length, seed thickness but not among the populations in the other observed traits. The values of correlation between the characteristics of cone and seed are presented in table 12. As shown, the correlation between cone length and seed wing length, between seed wing width and seed width were significantly positive in population 8 and 9 but in population 7. The positive correlations between seed length and seed width were calculated in all populations studied 4. Significant statistical differences among populations and families within population are observed in the growth performances of 1-0 seedling height of these progenies. But the differences in 1-1 seedling height and root collar diameter are shown only among familes within population. As shown in table 13, the most parts of correlations are not significant statistically between the growth performances of seedling and the seed characters. 5. As shown in table 15, statistical differences are considered to be significant among the populations in stomata row on both sides of the needle but not in serration density. The correlations between progenies and parents are not generally observed in the investigated traits of needle as shown in table 16.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 1986

The effects of density and soil nutrient regime on competition between individuals in pure and mixed populations of two annuals. Chenopodium album and Digitaria sanguinalis were investigated at the level of enegy allocation. Seedling emergence of two species was extremely high (>90%) in both pure and mixed culture irrespective of the density and nutrient regime, but percentage of seedling establishment or fertile plant became gradually low with increasing density owing to 'self-thinning'. The mean plant dry weight was significantly reduced with increasing density and decreasing soil fertility. The dry matter production of D. sanguinalis in mixture was markedly greater than in pure culture under medium and high density. Also, as considered the number of seed production as reproductive allocation, relationship between them and the number of seed production per plant showed a similar tendency. Therefore, these results indicated that D. sanguinalis had a greater competitive advantage than C. album and energy allocations to variious organs were regulated by plastic response rather than determined genetically.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 1988

This experiment was tarried out to investigate the effect of plant spacing and amount of side dressing on the yield, quality and protein pattern in burley 21 and KB 101. The results obtained were summarized as follow. 1 Yield and alkaloid content are increased In high plant population and side dressing. 2 . Quality is not affected by plant population and side dressing. 3 . Nitrogen content is decreased by late growing stage. 4. The bands of burley 21 seed are fewer than KB 101 seed bands in protein pattern. 5. In protein pattern, the bands of KB 101s leave are thicker than that of burley21s leave between 18,000∼14,000 of molecular weight.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2000

This research was concluded under dryland condition in Thrace region in 1994-1995 growing season. This experiment was arranged in randomised block design with three replications. Yield and some important yield components (plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 1000 seed weight) were determined. According to the results, it can be concluded that the best sowing rate and row distance of chickling vetch for the region are $100\;seed/\textrm{m}^2$ and 20 cm, respectively.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 1989

Tes ratablish a liawn Zoysia' Japonica Steud. with seeds. a experiment was conducted for the invrati ignt ic in oil seed's physic sit ogical maturity. The rt.sultt an' Summarized as follows: 1. The point of maximum weight off 1000 seeds and 100 seedling, germination speed and germination percentage were reached at 30 day. after anthesis. it would be considered as physiological maturity of Zoysia japonica seed. 2. The seeds moistures contents at physiological maturity was decreased in 18%. 3. Germination vigor deteriorated prior to viability. 4. The seeds were capable of germination in 3:4% at 10 days after anthesis. 5. Field deterioration of seeds occurer from 40 (lays after anthesis to 60 days and sprouted seedilng vigor was very poor.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.303-306
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• 2009

The defatted methanol extract of Raphanus sativus Linn. (Cruciferae) seed (MERS) was evaluated for its antisteroidogenic potential in mature female Swiss albino mice. The methanol extract at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight significantly elevated the levels of cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents which serve as a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones in ovaries. The extract also significantly inhibited glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and ${\Delta}^5-3{\beta}$-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, the two key enzymes involved in ovarian steroidogenesis. Hence the extract (MERS) exhibited significant antisteroidogenic activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.96-100
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• 1996

In this experiment, germination test of ginseng seed and growth test of two year old ginseng in soil incorporated with quinclorac (3,7-Dichloro-8-quinoline carboxylic acid) were conducted to evaluate phytotoxicity caused by quinclorac residue in soil. Ginseng seed germiilation was hardly affected, but growth of ginseng seedling was retarded by quinclorac. The phytotoxicity of quinclorac on ginseng seedling was expressed at the lowest level tested, 3.75 g a.i./10a (118 of recommended rate for rice cultivation). The representative phytotoxicity in ginseng were decreased root weight, shortened leaf width and leaf length, and weak lateral root Quinclorac residue decreased by 1/4 in pot soil after 2 months and below 2 ppm in the paddy soil applied at usual rate (30 g a.i./10a) after 1∼ 2 years. Below 2 ppd ginseng did not show any phytotoxicity symptom.