• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.291-302
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of plant growth regulator "Uniconazole-P" on the control of growth and seed producrtion of pasture plants under grown in sward conditions. Four species examined were orchard grass, timothy, red clover and alfalfa. Uniconazole-P concentrations were control(0), 20ppm and 40ppm, and foliar sprayed on canopy structures at the floral differentiation stages of grasses and at the begining of flowering stages of legumes, respectively. 1. Yield components and seed yield components of grasses and legumes were responded differently between Uniconazole-P concentrations, species and the stages of growth. 2. At early heading stages, the plant length and culm length of grasses were reduced by Uniconazole-P treatments. On the contrary, the dry weight of ears per area and chlorophyll concentrations were increased by Uniconazole-P treatments. 3. At seed ripening stages, the number of ears, dry weight of a tiller, dry weight of a ear, dry weight of ears per area and dry weight of seeds in orchardgrass, and the number of ears, dry weight of a ear, dry weight of ears per area, dry weight of seeds and harvest index in timothy were increased by Uniconazole-P treatments. 4. At early flowering stages, the plant length and total length of internodes were reduced by Uniconazole-P treatments. On the contrary, total length of branches and chlorophyll concentrations of red clover and alfalfa were increased by Uniconazole-P treatments. Particularly, the number of inflorescences and dry weight of inflorescences of red clover was increased greatly by Uniconazole-P treatments. 5. At seed ripening stages, the plant length of both of legumes were reduced by Uniconazole-P treatments. On the contrary, the dry weight of a inflorescence, dry weight of inflorescences per area, dry weight of seeds and harvest index of alfalfa was increased by Uniconazole-P treatments. 6. Seed production of grasses by Uniconazole-P treatments can be explained as following processes at each stage of growth. 1) reduced in plant length and culm lengths at early heading stages, 2) increased in number of ears and dry weight of a ear at both of stages, and 3) increased in dry weight of ears per area, dry weight of seeds and harvest index at seed ripening stages. 7. Seed production of legumes by Uniconazole-P treatments can be explained as following processes at each stage of growth. 1) reduced in plant length and total length of internodes and increased in number of branches and total length of branches at early flowering stages, 2) increased in number of inflorescences and dry weight of inflorescences at both of stages, and 3) increased in dry weight of seeds and harvest index at seed ripening stages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.213-213
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• 2017

High quality seed of proso millet that has high germination percentage, germination speed, and uniformity demanded to increases rates of mechanization in cereal crop cultivation. In order to improve germination characteristics, proso millet seeds were treated with red light, ultrasonication and liquid smoke (LS) solution that generated from hickory wood. All treatments were performed in seed priming solution with 100mM $NH_4NO_3$ at $15^{\circ}C$ for 24hrs under aeration condition. Seeds were exposed under light intensity of 2000 lux for 15m, 30m, 60m, and 120m in priming solution. Ultrasonic treatment was performed at 60%, 80%, and 100% intensity of 21.6 KHz for 5m, 10m, and 20m in priming solution. For LS treatment seed were soaked in 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0% and 10.0% of diluted solution with $dH_2O$ or 100mM $NH_4NO_3$ solution. The effect of seed treatment was evaluated with germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), germination rate (GR), Germination uniformity (GU) and heath seed percentage (HS). Our results demonstrate that red light (15min) or ultrasonication (21.6kHz, 5min) treatment improved MGT, GI, GR, and GU comparing to untreated control. Importantly, we show that LS treatments have significant effect on the health seedling and germination characteristics. Proso millet seeds that treated with 5% LS solution for 24hrs improves HS up to 97% that similar results obtained in 100mM $NH_4NO_3$ priming for 24hrs. The combined treatment with LS solution and 100mM $NH_4NO_3$ priming were not effective in all treatments. Our results demonstrate that treating seeds with LS or 100mM $NH_4NO_3$ priming or ultrasonication improves germination characteristics. The methods described here will help advance research using this species by increasing the germination performance at which successive seed pellet process.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2021

The genus Streptomyces demonstrates enormous promise in promoting plant growth and protecting plants against various pathogens. Single and consortium treatments of two selected Streptomyces strains (Streptomyces shenzhenensis TKSC3 and Streptomyces sp. SS8) were evaluated for their growth-promoting potential on rice, and biocontrol efficiency through induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediation against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), the causal agent of rice bacterial leaf streak (BLS) disease. Seed bacterization by Streptomyces strains improved seed germination and vigor, relative to the untreated seed. Under greenhouse conditions, seed bacterization with consortium treatment TKSC3 + SS8 increased seed germination, root length, and dry weight by 20%, 23%, and 33%, respectively. Single and consortium Streptomyces treatments also successfully suppressed Xoc infection. The result was consistent with defense-related enzyme quantification wherein single and consortium Streptomyces treatments increased peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and β,1-3 glucanase (GLU) accumulation compared to untreated plant. Within all Streptomyces treatments, consortium treatment TKSC3 + SS8 showed the highest disease suppression efficiency (81.02%) and the lowest area under the disease progress curve value (95.79), making it the best to control BLS disease. Consortium treatment TKSC3 + SS8 induced the highest POX and GLU enzyme activities at 114.32 µmol/min/mg protein and 260.32 abs/min/mg protein, respectively, with both enzymes responsible for plant cell wall reinforcement and resistant interaction. Our results revealed that in addition to promoting plant growth, these Streptomyces strains also mediated ISR in rice plants, thereby, ensuring protection from BLS disease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.50-51
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• 1995

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.128-138
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• 1994

To improve seed vigour in rice, barley and soybean, several methods of presowing treatment, using chemicals and priming in polyethylene glycol solution, were investigated. Gibberellic acid($GA_3$) slightly improved germination of rice, but other chemical treatments showed no beneficial effect on seed vigour. Aged seeds were primed in polyethylene glycol solution then rinsed and germinated with drying back. In general mean germination time increased and percentage germination decreased with in- creasing water potential of the priming solution, but there were no significant effects on spread of germination times. Priming also showed no marked improvement in germination under cold, wet, or osmotic conditions. None of the treatments used was successful in practically improving the seed germination and vigour of the tested crops. However, seed treated with GA$_3$ gave the best overall germination response.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1990

Pericarp and seedcoat removal treatments were tested to determine their effectiveness in the hard-to-germinate botanical seeds of jerusalem artichoke. Fresh seed of five Helianthus tuberosus L.varieties were (A)untreated (B)water soaked overnight (C) soaked overnight followed by renoval of pericarp or (D) soaked overnight followed by renoval of pericarp and seedcoat. The results indicate that treatments which removed the pericarp and seedcoat were the very effective, giving germination of over 90%. A considerable increase in germination did not follow only the peri-carp removal treatments. The factors inhibitory to germination of fresh jerusalem artichoke seed is associated withthe seedcoat. The removal treatment of pericarp and seed-cost is recommended despite its complexity because it givesa high germination percentage and varies least from varietyto variety. Heliarthus tuberosus L., a biomass potential crop, is a member of the family compositae. The genus Helianthushas provided man with two food plants, the sunflower (H.annus) and the jerusalem artichoke or topinambour (H. tube-rosus) . (3) The jerusalem artichoke grown for its tubers, has always been an extremely minor crop, but it is stillgrown in many places as a food for man or livestock and forthe production of alcohoL. Though tubers are used for pro-pagation jerusalem artichoke also flower and produce seedin head-like in florescences. Flowers are developed acro-petaLly on flattened receptacles such that outermost flowers are oldest. Each of these epigynous flowers may develop an achene-type fruit in which outer layers of the overy wallpersist, while inner layers become disorganized. Insidethe ovary wall of mature fruit, there is a papery seedcoat, probably composed of compact cells from endosperm, integu-ments, and nucellus.In general, the efforts to improving this crop havebeen hampered by the hard-to-germinate botanical seed.Seeds did not germinate for at least IL months after harvest.Fresh seeds of some varieties require one year more to gar-minate. (5) Since the time factor between generations isof concern in a prospective breeding program of jerusalemartichoke , these observations led to investigation of thenature of delayed seed germination in jerusalem artichokeas a biomass potential crop.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.216-220
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• 1998

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of some seed pretreatments on seed germination, emergence, growth and yield of Bupleurum falcatum L. Seed treatments included stratification in open-field during winter, washing with running water, low temperature storage, soaking into $H_2SO_4$ solution, and scarification. Germination increased 15% by stratification and 9% by washing treatment compared to non-treatment, control. It was suggested that washing treatment leached inhibiting substance, while stratification treatment leached inhibiting substance and promoted growth of immatured embryo. In the field mulched with rice straw, stratification and washing treatments were effective to shorten days to emergence by 31 and 21 days and to increase emergence rate by 7 and 5 %, respectively, compared with control. By these two treatments, root growth was improved, the number of harvested plants was increased considerably and dry root yield per ha were increased by 29 and 22 %, respectively, compared with control.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1987.07a
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• pp.175-190
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• 1987

Germination characters of the lettuce seed that received photoperiodic pretreatments of low or high temperature from the flowering to harvest. MSU-15 seed, one of the lettuce cultivars used, having high dark germination, was modified to low dark germination by the long-day treatments during the seed formation. Light-requiring MSU-16 seed was modified to the dark-germination seed by high temperature given at the seed formation period. Above results suggest that the environmental conditions given to an immature seed adhered to a mother plant bring about some modification to its native germination habit. I confirmed that the spectral quality of light could influence the phytochrome system which controlled germination characters of the progeny of lettuce seed ; plants grown in light rich in far-red energies produced light-requiring seed, but those grown in high deficient in far-red energies produced dark germination seed.

• Plant Resources
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 1999

These experiments were conducted to evaluate the variability of seed germination and seedling growth with different levels of polyethylene glycol(PEG 6,000) solution in onion seed. Average germination percentage of seed primed in PEG solution with 1.00 and 0.75 MPa was higher than control, and that of seed primed in 1.50MPa was lower than unprimed control. Germination percentage(GP) of seed primed for 5 days was highest, and as the primed days become long, the GP was decreased. The GP of airation seed during the primed was higher than that of unairation seed, about 5% , respectively. The GP of washed seed after primed was higher than that of unwashed seed, but that of redried seed after primed was lower than that of the others. The highest GP cultivar was Chunjoogoohyung and the lowest GP cultivar was Seouldego in unredried seed after primed, but Chunjoojoonggo was highest and Jungpoonwhang was the lowest cultivar in redried seed after primed. As the PEG concentration increased, the seedling length(SL) was shortened, and seed primed for 15 days was longer than other treatments. The SL of primed seed was similar to GP. The SL of washed seed after primed was longer than that of others, but that of redried seed after primed was shortest among the others. The SL of Chunjoojoonggo and Nongwoodego was longest and Seouldego was shortest among the cultivars in unredried seed after primed, but that of Chunjoogoohyung and Chunjoojoonggo was longest and Seouldego was the shortest cultivars in redried seed after primed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.52-53
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• 1995