• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
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• pp.169-172
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• 2000

This paper describes design of cryptographic processor which can execute SEED, DES, and triple DES encryption algorithm. To satisfy flexible architecture and area-efficient structure, the processor has I unrolled loop structure with hardware sharing and can support four standard mode, such as ECB, CBC, CFB, and OFB modes. To reduce overhead of key computation, the precomputation technique is used. Also to eliminate increase of processing time due to data input and output time, background I/O technique is used which data input and output operation execute in parallel with encryption operation of cryptographic processor. The cryptographic processor is designed using 2.5V 0.25 $\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS technology and consists of about 34.8K gates. Its peak performances is about 250 Mbps under 100 Mhz ECB SEED mode and 125 Mbps under 100 Mhz triple DES mode.

• 한국정보기술학회 영문논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2019

White-box cryptography is an implementation technique in order to protect secret keys of cryptographic algorithms in the white-box attack model, which is the setting that an adversary has full access to the implementation of the cryptographic algorithm and full control over their execution. This concept was introduced in 2002 by Chow et al., and since then, there have been many proposals for secure implementations. While there have been many approaches to construct a secure white-box implementation for the ciphers with SPN structures, there was no notable result about the white-box implementation for the block ciphers with Feistel structure after white-box DES implementation was broken. In this paper, we propose a secure white-box implementation for a block cipher SEED with Feistel structure, which can prevent the previous known attacks for white-box implementations. Our proposal is simple and practical: it is performed by only 3,376 table lookups during each execution and the total size of tables is 762.5 KB.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.244-244
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• 2017

Soil salinity due to accumulation of salts particularly sodium chloride affects agricultural lands and their vegetation. Generally, rice is a moderately sensitive plant with some cultivars with varying tolerance to salinity. Though there are physiological differences between salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars, both are still affected especially during high salinity and prolonged exposure. This also ultimately affects their indigenous bacterial endophytes particularly those that inhabit the rice seed endosphere. This study investigates the dynamic structure of seed bacterial endophytes of salt-sensitive and tolerant rice cultivars grown in different levels of soil salinity. Endophytic bacterial diversity was studied Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Results revealed a very interesting pattern of diversity and shifts in community structure of bacterial endophytes in the rice seeds. There is a general decrease in diversity for the salt-sensitive rice cultivar, IR29 as soil salinity increases. For the salt-tolerant cultivars, IC32 and IC37, diversity interestingly increased at moderate salinity then decreased at high soil salinity. The patterns of community structure is also strikingly different for the salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars. IR29 has a more even distribution of abundance, but under soil salinity, the community shifted where Curtobacterium, Pantoea, Flavobacterium and Microbacterium become the more dominant bacterial communities. For IC32 and IC37, the dominant bacterial groups under normal stress conditions were also the dominant bacterial groups during salt stress conditions. Their seed bacterial community is dominated by endophytes belonging to Microbacterium, Flavobacterium, Pantoea, Kosakonia and Enterobacter. Stenotrophomonas and Xanthomonas have not changed in terms of abundance under different salinity stress level in the salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars. This study showed that soil salinity greatly influenced the seed bacterial communities of rice seeds irrespective of their physiological tolerance to salinity.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2008

한국 고유종인 모데미풀의 분류학적 검토를 위하여 모데미풀과 근연분류군의 종피 형태를 관찰하였다. 모데미풀의 종피 형태는 외종피 세포가 책상조직모양의 후벽세포로 발달하는 외종피외층형으로 나타났고, 종피의 표면은 오목형 구조를 보였다. 근연분류군인 동의나물의 외종피 외층은 입방형(cuboid)이며, 표면구조는 매끄러워서 모데미풀과 같은 책상조직 형태의 후벽세포로 잘 발달하였으며, 종피 표면 구조는 오목형과 볼록형이 연속적으로 나타났다. 이것은 모데미풀속의 종피구조가 금매화속의 종피구조 범위내에 포함됨을 암시하고 있다. 따라서 동의나물 아족에서는 종피의 해부형태와 표면구조가 아족내에서 분류학적 평가에 유용하게 사용될 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 종피의 표면구조와 행부형태 특징은 고유종인 모데미풀이 동의나물속이나 Calathodes속보다는 금매화속에 보다 가깝다는 것을 나타내었다. 종피의 오목형 표면구조와 잘 발달된 외종피 외층형 종피유형은 모데미풀과 금매화속이 함께 공유하는 형질이었다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

The microstructures of top seed mult processde $\textrm{YBa}_2\textrm{Cu}_3\textrm{O}_7$.$\delta$ single crystal were studied. Although shape of the seed was not faceted. the growth shape of Y123 single crystal was faceted. It was observed that Y211 phases were trapped in specific spaces of the faceted region. From the microstructural investigation. it was suggested that the segregation of Y211 is due to the difference of growth rates in crystal direction. When a single crystal was grown by the single seed with stepped multi surfaces. a microstrue was grown from multi-seed. The microstructure show the possibility of multi-seed growth. Corn kernel like structure without Y211 phase was observed and seemed to be formed by the diffusion reaction between Y211 phase in crystal and liquid wetted on the crystal. the diagonal line on Y123 crystal was observed that it was formed by the corn kernel like structure.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.125-126
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• 2007

Polycrystalline silicon thin-film-transistors (Poly-Si TFT's) with a amorphous-$Si_xGe_y$ seed layer have been fabricated to improve the performance of TFT. The dependence of crystal structure and electrical characteristics on the the Ge fractions in $Si_xGe_y$ seed layer were investigated. As a result, the increase of grain size and enhancement of electrical characteristics were obtained from the poly-Si TFT's with amorphous-SixGey seed layer.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.802-809
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• 2001

Electroplating is an attractive alternative deposition method for copper with the need for a conformal and conductive seed layer In addition, the Cu seed layer should be highly pure so as not to compromise the effective resistivity of the filled copper interconnect structure. This seed layer requires low electrical resistivity, low levels of impurities, smooth interface, good adhesion to the barrier metal and low thickness concurrent with coherence for ensuring void-free fill. The electrical conductivity of the surface plays an important role in formation of initial Cu nuclei, Cu nucleation is much easier on the substrate with higher electrical conductivities. It is also known that the nucleation processes of Cu are very sensitive to surface condition. In this study, copper seed layers deposited by magnetron sputtering onto a tantalum nitride barrier layer were used for electroplating copper in the forward pulsed mode. Prior to electroplating a copper film, the Cu seed layer was cleaned by plasma H$_2$ and $N_2$. In the plasma treatment exposure tome was varied from 1 to 20 min and plasma power from 20 to 140W. Effects of plasma pretreatment to Cu seed/Tantalum nitride (TaN)/borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) samples on electroplating of copper (Cu) films were investigated.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

G-SEED's evaluation of existing buildings is an important point because the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of existing buildings are continuously increasing due to the aging of buildings over time. However, as G-SEED certification is concentrated on new buildings and the standards are not yet available, we will make improvements to evaluate the existing buildings of G-SEED. In order to improve G-SEED for EB, two research procedures were carried out. First, LEED EBOM and LEED for NC compare and analyze evaluation items and methods, and LEED EBOM focuses on evaluation of existing buildings. Second, we analyzed the certification evaluation contents of eight domestic LEED EBOM accredited buildings and obtained items that can be applied or need to be applied when revising G-SEED for EB. LEED EBOM is focused on improving the performance and utilization of data that track and manage the energy and environmental effects of building operations. As a result of the case analysis, the evaluation of G-SEED for EB requires quantitative evaluation items such as environmental management of buildings, energy performance status of building, improvement plan and improvement of performance according to tracking value. Although G-SEED for EB is not structured yet and there are few cases of certification, it is expected that quantitative evaluation of existing buildings will be made through continuous research.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2010

최근 RFID 시스템은 응용 범위를 넓혀가고 있으나 무선 통신의 불안전한 특성으로 인한 정보 보안 문제 및 응용 객체별 별도 태그 사용에 의한 불편함 등의 문제점들을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 RFID 기술을 응용한 시스템의 확산을 위해서는 안정적인 정보 보호를 바탕으로 한 여러 응용 객체들 간의 효율적인 정보 공유에 대한 연구가 마련되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 하나의 태그로 다수 개의 RFID 응용 객체들에 접근할 수 있도록 하는 다중 객체 접근을 위한 RFID 태그 구조를 설계하고, 이러한 태그 내에 저장되는 각 응용 객체에 대한 정보를 보호하기 위한 암호화 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 기존의 암호화 기법인 SEED 알고리즘을 RFID 시스템의 특성에 맞도록 경량화한 방법이다. 태그 정보를 보호하기 위한 SEED 변형 알고리즘의 성능은 암 복호화의 속도를 측정하여 기존의 SEED 알고리즘과 비교하여 평가한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.2027-2032
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• 2007

[ ${\alpha}$ ]-Synuclein is the major component of Lewy bodies and responsible for the amyloid deposits observed in Parkinson's disease. Ordered filamentous aggregate formation of the natively unfolded ${\alpha}$-synuclein was investigated in vitro with the periodic ultrasonication. The ultrasonication induced the fibrillation of ${\alpha}$-synuclein, as the random structure gradually converted into a ${\beta}$-sheet structure. The resulting fibrils obtained at the stationary phase appeared heterogeneous in their size distribution, with the average length and height of $0.28\;{\mu}m{\pm}0.21\;{\mu}m$ and $5.6\;nm{\pm}1.9\;nm$, respectively. After additional extensive ultrasonication in the absence of monomeric ${\alpha}$-synuclein, the equilibrium between the fibril formation and its breakdown shifted to the disintegration of the preexisting fibrils. The resulting fragments served as nucleation centers for the subsequent seed-dependent accelerated fibrillation under a quiescent incubation condition. This self-seeding amplification process depended on the seed formation and subsequent alterations in their properties by the ultrasonication to a state that accretes the monomeric soluble protein more effectively than their reassociation of the seeds back to the original fibrils. Since many neurodegenerative disorders have been considered to be propagated via the seed-dependent amyloidosis, this study would provide a novel aspect of the significance of the seed structure and its properties leading to the acce]erated amyloid formation.