• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 1996

Effects of mustard seed(Brassica juncea) on the preservation of raw gizzard-shad slice were investigated, morphological change of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus treated with water-extract of mustard seed was examined, the results are as following. The pH of raw gizzard-shad slice soaked in water with mustard seed slightly increased during preservation, and the pH was in inverse proportion to the added amount of mustard seed. The number of bacteria and Vibrio of raw gizzard-shad slice treated with mustard seed were lower than control, and the higher the mustard seed concentration, the lower the number of bacteria and Vibrio. The TMA-N content of raw gizzard-shad slice gradually increased during preservation, and the TMA-N was in inverse proportion to the added amount of mustard seed. Scanning electron microscopy of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus treated with water extract of mustard seed showed that surface membrane was destroyed with expended ellipsoidal shape.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1410-1414
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• 1999

The granular size and shape of durian seed starch were $2.0-10.0\;{\mu}m$ and oval and polygonal. Amylose contents of durian seed, corn, sweet potato and potato starch were 28.3%, 27.5%, 20.3% and 21.7%, respectively. Blue value of durian seed (0.370) higher than that of corn (0.368), sweet potato (0.332), and potato starch (0.338). Alkali numbers of durian seed, corn, sweet potato and potato starch were 7.39, 9.02, 7.08 and 5.43, respectively. Swelling power of durian seed starch was similar to that of sweet potato starch. X-ray diffraction patterns of durian seed starch showed an A-type crystalline structure. According to pasting properties by Rapid Visco-Analyzer, the gelatinization temperature of durian seed starch $(76.6^{circ}C)$ was higher than that of corn $(73.0^{circ}C)$, sweet potato $(72.3^{circ}C)$ and potato starch $(70.2^{circ}C)$. The breakdown of durian seed starch were lower than that of corn, sweet potato and potato starch.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 1995

Legumin was purified from the endosperm cells of the ginseng seed and analyzed its characteristics. Distributional patterns of the legumin in the endosperm cells were identified using the immunocytochemical method. Legumin was glycoprotein composed of two subunits, molecular weights about 33,000 and 25,000 respectively. The molecular shape of purified legumin stained negatively seems to have hexagonal structure about 10 nm in size. It was localized at the rER, dictyosomes, and in the vacuoles at the early developing stage. Legumin was glycosylated in the dictyosomes and transported from the dictyosomes to the vacuoles. Legumin was accumulated into the central vacuole via the dictyosomes while the endosperm cells were developing. The armorphous proteins containing legumin were scattered randomly within the central vacuoles, which were aggregated together and became gradually spherical shape. Legumin was distributed within the globular protein bodies in the endosperm cells of matured seed. However legumin was not found in the globoids located in the protein bodies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.481-484
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• 2003

In this study, we fabricated the master metallic nano-stamper with nano pillar patterns to apply replication processes which is adequate for mass production. Master nano patterns with various hole diameters between 300 nm and 1000 nm was fabricated by e-beam lithography. After the seed layer was deposited on the master nano patterns using e-beam evaporation, the nickel was electroformed. In each step, the shape and surface roughness of their patterns were analyzed using SEM and AFM.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.79-82
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• 2002

Main attackers on pine seeds on the forest floor were investigated in Korea. Damage on pine cones begins in early stage of cone formation, especially by squirrel and Korean squirrel. The above animals left Kayak-like hulls of seed on rocks and fallen tree trunk. Field mice also left the same shape of Kayak-like hulls. But birds including doves and peasants left large shreds with longitudinal cracks or seed cup trace. Most of seeds on the leaf litters as well as under the fallen leaf were consumed by fold mice and birds. Especially fold mice found the seeds under fallen leaves and consumed all of them.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.213-216
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• 2002

Main attackers on pine seeds on the forest floor were investigated in Korea. Damage on pine cones begins in early stage of cone formation, especially by squirrel and Korean squirrel. The above animals left Kayak-like hulls of seed on rocks and fallen tree trunk. Field mice also left the same shape of Kayak-like hulls. But birds including doves and peasants left large shreds with longitudinal cracks or seed cup trace. Most of seeds on the leaf litters as well as under the fallen leaf were consumed by field mice and birds. Especially field mice found the seeds under fallen leaves and consumed all of them.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2019

Buckwheat is well-known crop for containing a high contents of flavonoids that are effective in vascular disease. The current study was performed to estimate the influence of morphological characterization of Fagopyrum esculentum (ES) germplasm for seed's two major flavonoids contents: rutin and quercetin. We found that the red stem color, pale green leaf color, arrowhead leaf shape, white flower color, pale brown seed coat color, and egg-shaped seed were significantly associated with 77%, 56.7%, 83.7%, 98.7%, 70.8% and 74.5% germplasm, respectively. Overall, the rutin contents of ES germplasm ranged from 0.30 to 47.86 mg/100g dry weight (DW) and the quercetin contents ranged from 0 to 1.22 mg/100g DW. The rutin contents of germplasm possessing red stem color, pale green leaf color, arrowhead leaves, white flower color, pale brown seed coat color and egg-shaped seed ranged from 7.22 to 47.86 mg/100g DW. However, the quercetin contents of germplasm with red stem color and pale brown seed coat color ranged from 0 to 1.15 mg/100g DW, with pale green leaves ranged from 0 to 0.96 mg/100g, with arrowhead leaves and white flower ranged from 0 to 1.22 mg/100g and with egg-shaped seed ranged from 0.32 to 1.22 mg/100g DW. In PCA analysis, the first three principal components (PCs) showed Eigen value more than 1 and accounted for 51.70% of variation. For both higher contents of rutin and quercetin, the morphological evaluation in ES shows a tendency of red stem color, arrowhead leaves, pale green leaf color, white flower color, pale brown seed coat color and egg-shaped seed. From this information, we can assume the rutin and quercetin contents by the morphological characteristics of the germplasm. And It could be useful in improving the rutin and quercetin contents and selecting proper resources for cultivation in existing buckwheat cultivars.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 1996

An automatic drum seeder was developed to improve the seeding operation. It consisted of a conveyor to transfer seedling trays, a seed-hopper to supply seeds, a drum to drop seeds on the tray, and an air blower to remove extra seeds. A photo sensor was used to detect the transfer of seedling trays, and its signal was fed into microcomputer which operated a stepping motor driving the drum. The seeds were adhered to the surface of drum by vacuum pressure, and were dropped into tray cells by compressed air. An air connection unit was devised to alternate between vacuum pressure and compressed air. A control program for the system, written in C language, could operate the drum at the given number of revolutions and revolutions per minute. The results showed that the air connection unit could operate well and the seeds were dropped satisfactorily into tray cells. In case of cabbage and perilla seeds, which are regular and spherical shape, the missing rate was low and the single seeding rate was more than 97%. Low missing rate and high multiple seeding rate were observed in lettuce seeds which have narrow ends with tight weight. The missing rate of pepper seed was very high because of heavy weight and irregular shape. To improve the performance of the seeder, adjustment of vacuum pressure based upon shape and weight of the seeds, careful selection of the material of drum, maintenance of consistent air blower pressure, and replacement of stepping motor to DC motor are recommended.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2014

These studies were conducted to discriminate Cynanchum wilfordii, C. auriculatum, Metaplexis japonica, and Polygonum multiflorum by morphological characters. Cynanchum wilfordii, C. auriculatum, and Metaplexis japonica(Asclepiadaceae) were easily distinguished from Polygonum multiflorum by twining stem to the left, producing opposite leaves, having laticiferous stems and leaves at cutting cross-sectionally, and lacking lignification of the stem. Four species had different morphological characters of flower. Comparing four species to fruit type, three species of Asclepiadaceae had follicle, while Polygonum multiflorum had achene with three wings. Follicle shape was lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate, and widely lanceolate in C. wilfordii, C. auriculatum, and Metaplexis japonica, respectively. Whereas seed color of four species was dark brown similarly, seed shape and 1,000 seed weight were useful characters to discrimate between three species of Asclepiadaceae and Polygonum multiflorum. Shape and color of root were thickened and yellowish brown in C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum. They were thin and long and white in Metaplexis japonica, and fusiform and reddish brown in Polygonum multiflorum. They would be useful characters to distinguish Cynanchum spp., Metaplexis japonica, and Polygonum multiflorum, however, impossible characters to discriminate between C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.429-434
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• 1997

The most typical morphological characteristics of seeds of eight species in Umbelliferae are summarized as follows: 1. The common characteristics of seeds in Umbelliferae were bi-partite fruits, compound of 2-seeds, (fruitlet) oil canals and funiculus or carpaphore. 2. Seed shape of Umbelliferae were oblong or elliptic and ovate; seed colors were yellow, pale yellow or brown, dark brown or black. 3. Seed size ranged from 2 to 7mm in length and 2∼5mm in width. Angelica dahurica bore the largest seed while Ligusticum acutilobum showed the smallest. The 1000-seed weight ranged from 1. 7g in Bupleurum falcatum to 3.9g in Angelica gigas.