• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2008

The ratio between 11S Sand 7S globulins was greater in large seed size varieties (LSSVs) of soybean than in small seed size varieties (SSSVs) or medium seed size varieties (MSSVs) but did not differ between MSSVs and SSSVs. The cysteine and methionine contents of 11S globulins were greater than those of total seed proteins and 7S globulins. The acidic monoamino monocarboxylic amino acids were the most abundant class of amino acid in soybean seed (27.2%) and soybean curd protein (29.3%). Isolated 7S and 11S fractions were analyzed by HPLC. Of the 12 peaks detected, 4 constituted 64.1% of the proteins of the SSSVs, 65.6% of the proteins of the MSSVs, and 70.5% of the proteins of the LSSVs. The 11S/7S globulin ratio was related to the yield and hardness of soybean curd. The MSSVs had the greatest yield of soybean curd, but the soybean curd hardness of the MSSVs was greater than that of the SSSVs. These results show that the 11S/7S ratio and color of soybean seeds can be used to predict the yield, hardness, and color of soybean curd.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2004

Changes in the level of metabolites in leaves and pods were examined with respect to the seed chemical composition in black soybean. There was no further increase in pod length after 42 days after flowering (DAF). Pod weight, however, persistently increase until 73 DAF, thereafter the weight was slightly lowered. The seed storage protein, however, increased drastically as the increasing rate of pod weight was lessened at 61 DAF. The accumulation of seed storage proteins was occurred conspicuously as the increasing rate of pod weight was slowed down. The chlorophyll content both in leaves and pods was drastically decreased after 50 DAF. The beginning of drastic reduction in chlorophyll content was occurred concomitantly with the reduction of soluble protein content in leaves. The sugar content in leaves showed similar tendency with chlorophyll and soluble protein content. The starch level in leaves, however, showed different changing pattern during seed development. The starch content in leaves was increased persistently until 66 DAF, thereafter the content was decreased drastically to about $55\%$ of maximal value at 66 DAF. Total phenolics content in leaves and the anthocyanins content in seeds were stable without noticeable increase until 66 DAF. The contents were increased dramatically after 66 DAF showing the synchronized pattern with the decrease in starch level in leaves. The levels of the selected metabolites in leaf and seed suggested that the accumulation of chemical components of black soybean seed is launched actively at 66 DAF. The profile of storage proteins was nearly completed at 61 DAF because there was no large difference in densitometric intensity among protein subunits after 61 DAF. In soybean, chemical maturation of seed begins around 61 to 66 DAF at which most metabolites in vegetative parts are decreased and remobilized into maturing seeds.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.168-172
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• 1998

Systematic electrophoretic analysis of alcohol-soluble proteins and salt-soluble proteins of 247 Panax ginseng (P.g) and Panax quinquefolium (P.q) germplasms seed was carried out on an improved lactate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a method with high resolving power, good reproducibility and stability. The electrophoregrams of proteins, according to their migration rate, were classified into four groups such as ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, ${\gamma}$ and $\omega$ for the alcohol-soluble proteins and three such as I, II and III for the salt-soluble ones. Panax ginseng or Panax quinquefolium had their own unique band pattern distinguishable from each other, regarding as their specific "fingerprint". In this study, 3 of 168 (1.8%) P.g germplasms and 1 of 79 (1.3%) P.q germplasms had their own unique band pattern, showing that P.g and P.q germplasms have poor genetic diversity in species. The band patterns of dry seed and stratified seed (embryo rate=60%) were basically the same. The band number of the F, hybrid of p.gx p.q was exactly equivalent to the number of the common bands plus the specific bands of the two parents, indicating that the difference of band patterns was a genetic trait con- trolled by the nuclear genes. The electrophoregram of F1 of P.g x P.q could be predicted by that of the two parents and the band pattern of the F1 hybrids could be demnonstrated by that of the mixed seed extract from the two parents.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2024

검정종피와 녹색자엽을 가진 콩 품종이나 유전자원은 눈의 피로 등 시신경 보호와 눈 질환 예방에 도움을 줄 수 있는 루테인 성분과 인체 내 활성산소 제거, 콜레스테롤 저하, 항산화 및 항암 작용, 면역증강, 노화 방지 등의 작용을 하는 안토시아닌 성분을 풍부하게 함유하고 있다. 그러나, 성숙 종자에는 알러지 유발 및 품질을 저하시키는 P34, 7S α' subunit 및 렉틴 단백질도 포함되어 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 P34, 7S α' subunit 및 렉틴의 3가지 단백질이 부재하면서 검정종피와 녹색자엽을 가진 콩 계통을 개발하기 위하여 진행되었다. 갈색종피와 녹색자엽을 가지면서 7S α' subunit 및 렉틴 단백질이 부재한 모본과 검정종피와 녹색자엽을 가지면서 P34 및 렉틴 단백질이 부재한 부본과의 교배로 검정종피와 녹색자엽을 가진 157개의 F₂ 종자가 선발되었다. P34 및 7S α' subunit 단백질의 존재와 부재는 각각 3:1로 관찰되었고, 두 단백질 간에는 9:3:3:1의 분리비와 일치하여 서로 독립적임을 나타내었다. 두 단백질에 대하여 모두 열성(cgy1cgy1p34p34)을 보인 14개의 F₂ 종자로부터 형질이 양호하면서 P34, 7S α' subunit 및 렉틴 단백질이 모두 없고 검정종피와 녹색자엽을 가진 한 개의 개체가 선발되었다. 선발 개체의 F₃ 종자를 이용하여 3가지 단백질의 부재에 대한 유전적 고정이 확인되었다. 온실에서 6월 14일 파종 시 선발 개체의 성숙일은 10월 3일, 경장은 약 68 cm였고 백립중은 26.5 g 정도였다. 선발 개체는 항영양성분이 부재하면서 녹색자엽을 가진 유색콩 품종 육성을 위한 모본으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2020

The presence of high amounts of seed storage proteins (SSPs) improves the overall quality of soybean seeds. However, these SSPs pose a major limitation due to their high abundance in soybean seeds. Although various technical advancements including mass-spectrometry and bioinformatics resources were reported, only limited information has been derived to date on soybean seeds at proteome level. Here, we applied a tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis to identify the significantly modulated proteins in the seeds of two soybean cultivars showing varying protein contents. This approach led to the identification of 5,678 proteins of which 13 and 1,133 proteins showed significant changes in Daewon (low-protein content cultivar) and Saedanbaek (high-protein content cultivar) respectively. Functional annotation revealed that proteins with increased abundance in Saedanbaek were mainly associated with the amino acid and protein metabolism involved in protein synthesis, folding, targeting, and degradation. Taken together, the results presented here provide a pipeline for soybean seed proteome analysis and contribute a better understanding of proteomic changes that may lead to alteration in the protein contents in soybean seeds.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2000년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.142-143
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• 2000

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2004

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the $60\%$ isopropanol extract of soybean(Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seed revealed two abundant proteins with molecular masses of 19 and 10 kDa. Amino acid analysis revealed that the isopropanol-extractable protein fraction was rich in cysteine. Two-dimensional gel electro-phoretic analysis indicated that the 19kDa and 10kDa proteins had pI of 4.2 and 4.0 respectively. Peptide mass fingerprints of trypsin digests of the two proteins obtained using matrix-assisted, laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectroscopy revealed the 19kDa protein was Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and the 10kDa protein was Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor. When resolved under non-denaturing conditions, the isopropanol-extracted proteins inhibited trypsin and chymotrypsin activity. Results presented in this study demonstrate that isopropanol extraction of soybean seed could be used as a simple and rapid method to obtain a protein fraction enriched in Kunitz trypsin and Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitors. Since proteinase inhibitors are rich in sulfur amino acids and are putative anticarcinogens, this rapid and inexpensive isolation procedure could facilitate efforts in nutrition and cancer research.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.120-120
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• 2017

Since the composition of proteins from the Korean cultivars of Proso millet is unknown; thereby, the present study was conducted to obtain a reference map of millet seed proteins and identify the functional characteristics of the identified proteins. Proteins extracted from the millet seeds of various cultivars, were investigated using proteomic techniques as 2D electrophoresis coupled with mass fingerprinting. The 1152 (differentially expressed) proteins were detected on 2-D gel. Among them, 26 reproducible protein spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. Out of 26 proteins, 2 proteins were up-regulated towards all cultivars of millet, while 7 proteins were up-regulated and 13 proteins were down-regulated against only one cultivar. However, abundance in most identified protein species, associated with metabolism, transcription and transcription was significantly enhanced, while that of another protein species involved in polysaccharide metabolism, stress response and pathogenesis were severely reduced. Taken together, the results observed from the study suggest that the differential expression of proteins from the four cultivars of millet may be cultivar-specific. Taken together, a proteomic investigation of millet seeds from different cultivars, we sought to better understand the genetic variation of millet cultivars representing the future millet research, and the functional categorization of individual proteins on the basis of their molecular function.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.74-84
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• 1989

인삼 종자의 배유조직에서 Tris 완충액 가용성 저장단백질을 추출한 후 전기 영동적 분석으로 분리하여 $SP_{1}$(MW=160,000)과 $SP_2$(MW=70,000)의 두가지 저장단백질을 정제하였다. 이 두가지 저장단백질을 항원으로 사용하여 토끼에 피하주사하여 항체를 얻었으며, 이 항체를 이용하여 면역 세포화학적 금입자표지법을 실시한 결과, $SP_1$과 $SP_2$ 모두 구형의 protein body내에 산재하여 있음을 확인되었으며, globoid에는 이러한 두가지 단백질중 어느 것도 함유되어 있지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 각각의 protein body에 함유된 $SP_1$과 $SP_2$의 상대적 함량에는 서로 차이가 있음이 확인되었다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2017

Objectives: Aging is an unconscious and gradual process that can lead to changes in biological systems. Induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity are involved in the aging process. Regarding the antioxidant property of black seed oil, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-aging effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) oil on d-galactose-induced aging in mice. Methods: For induction of aging, D-galactose (500 mg/kg, subcoutaneously SC) was administrated to male mice for 42 days. Animals were treated with D-galactose alone or with b lack seed oil (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 mL/kg, intraperitoneally (ip)). Additionally, vitamin E (200 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. At the end of treatment, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and the glutathione (GSH) contents in brain and liver tissues were measured. Also, enzymes in serum, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT), were determined. The levels of the proteins Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3 (pro and cleaved) in brain and liver tissues were evaluated. Results: Administration of D-galactose (500 mg/kg, SC) for 42 days increased serum levels of ALT and AST, as well as the MDA content, in brain and liver tissues, but decreased the GSH content. Additionally, the levels of apoptotic proteins, including Bax, procaspase-3 and caspase-3 cleaved, were markedly increased. N. sativa oil (0.1 and 0.2 mL/kg) diminished the levels of the biochemical markers ALT and AST. Administration of black seed oil (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mL/kg) reduced lipid peroxidation and at doses 0.1 and 0.2 mL/kg significantly recovered the GSH content. The oil decreased Bax/Bcl2 levels and at 0.1 mL/kg down-regulated the expressions of caspase-3 (pro and cleaved) proteins in brain and liver tissues. Conclusion: Through its antioxidant and anti-apoptosis properties, black seed oil exhibited an anti-aging effect in a model of aging induced with D-galactose.