• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.307-311
• /
• 2004

This paper presents an efficient architecture that optimizes the design of SEED S-box using composite field arithmetic. SEED is the Korean standard 128-bit block cipher algorithm developed by Korea Information Security Agency. The nonlinear function S-box is the most costly operation in terms. of size and power consumption, taking up more than 30% of the entire SEED circuit. Therefore the S-box design can become a crucial factor when implemented in systems where resources are limited such as smart cards. In this paper, we transform elements in $GF(2^8)$ to composite field $GF(((2^2)^2)^2)$ where more efficient computations can be implemented and transform the computed result back to $GF(2^8)$. This technique reduces the S-box portion to 15% and the entire SEED algorithm can be implemented at 8,700 gates using Samsung smart card CMOS technology.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.612-615
• /
• 2009

Lipoxygenase and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein are the main antinutritional factor in mature soybean seed. A new soybean cultivar, "Gaechuck#2" with yellow seed coat, lipoxygenase2,3-free and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein-free was developed. It was selected from the population derived from the cross between "Jinpumkong2ho" and C242. Plants of "Gaechuck#2" have determinate growth habit with purple flowers, tawny pubescence, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum, oval leaflet shape and brown pods at maturity. Seed protein and oil content on a dry weight basis were 40.7% and 18.7%, respectively. It has shown a resistant reaction to soybean necrosis, soybean mosaic virus, Cercospora leaf spot and blight, black root rot, pod and stem blight, and soybean pod borer. Gaechuck#2 matured in 4 October with plant height of 54cm and a 100-seed weight of 24.4g. Average Yield of Gaechuck#2 was 230 - 250 kg/10a in 2005 - 2007.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.295-305
• /
• 2011

Many studies have suggested the positive effects of grazing by large herbivorous mammals on seed dispersal, but little is known about how herbivores could affect the fate of ingested seeds. This study examined the effects of seed ingestion by sika deer (Cervus nippon) on seed fate in a temperate grassland established in an urban park long resided by high densities of sika deer. I compared species composition and seasonal traits of seed abundance and maturity in the grassland community with those in deer fecal pellets. In total, 27 herbaceous species were observed, including the predominant Zoysia japonica. Seed phenology and production differed among the three dominant species (Z. japonica, Digitaria violascens, and Hydrocotyle maritima). Pellets contained at least 26 species of herbaceous seeds, and their abundance differed among species. Of the 26 species, 15 were observed in the vegetation at the study site. The peak of seed abundance in pellets for the dominant species appeared 1 month after the peak of inflorescence production (but most of the inflorescences were immature and susceptible to digestion) and consequently corresponded to the peak of mature inflorescence. Because sika deer are likely to ingest seeds at any maturity stage in the grassland and immature seeds are less hardened, ingested immature seeds can suffer great losses. The results suggested that the survival of germable seeds with great losses of immature seeds may be a factor determining which plant species can be successfully dispersed by herbivores.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.242-252
• /
• 2012

Seed storage oils are essential resources for not only human and animal diets but also industrial applications. The primary goal of this study was to increase seed oil content through comparative analysis of two seed-specific promoters, AtFAE1 from Arabidopsis Fatty Acid Elongase 1 gene and BnNapin from Brassica napus seed storage protein gene. AtWRI1 and AtDGAT1 genes encoding an AP2-type transcription factor and a Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1 enzyme, respectively, were expressed under the control of AtFAE1 and BnNapin promoters in Arabidopsis. The total seed oil content in all transgenic plants was increased by 8-11% compared with wild-type seeds. The increased level of oil content in AtWRI1 and AtDGAT1 transgenic lines under the control of both promoters was similar, although the activity of the BnNapin promoter is much stronger than that of AtFAE1 promoter in the mature stage of developing seeds where storage oil biosynthesis occurs at a maximum rate. This result demonstrates that the AtFAE1 promoter as well as the BnNapin promoter can be used to increase the seed oil content in transgenic plants.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.296-304
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study was carried out to evaluate the liquefaction potential of the land reclamation area in Incheon by using the ProShake program for long frequency Hachinohe seismic wave and short frequency Ofunato seismic waves to interpret ground response. Method: The interpretation results and the Modified Seed and Idriss method were used to evaluate the liquefaction potential. The liquefaction potential index which proposed by Iwasaki was calculated to be used as a guide line to represent the liquefaction evaluation results at the given location. The equivalent liquefaction factor of safety presented by Kang(1999) was used as a quantitative index to draw up the mapping of liquefaction potential. Results: This paper presents the mapping of liquefaction potential for the Incheon seaside reclamation area using both the liquefaction potential index and the equivalent liquefaction factor of safety. Conclution: As a result, the mapping of liquefaction based on the liquefaction potential index and equivalent liquefaction factor of safety shows similar distribution pattern.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.549-557
• /
• 2011

Chinese cabbage is a staple food to Korean, which has the high degree of self-sufficiency and worldwide breeding technique in the aspect of seed. However, the producers' competitiveness has been decreasing after the agricultural product market was open. In order to cope with this problem, the government introduced some policies for promoting seed industry in 2007 to reflect producer's needs for high quality seeds of Chinese cabbage. These policies will be a good opportunity for producers to secure and promote the producers' competitiveness against low-price importing Chinese cabbage. In this aspect it is very important to know how well these policies are established and what Chinese cabbage farmers want in regard to a new variety of Chinese cabbage seed. This study was carried out to look over the Chinese cabbage producers' using pattern about a new variety of seed and show some directions for efficient way of diffusion of a new variety of seed to producers using a survey research. The main results are as follows. The producers thought the characteristics of a new variety of seed most important factor compared to other factors such as the seed price, and easiness of cabbage sales when they choose a seed. Also, the 65% of respondents were willing to accept a new variety of seed and thought the government support for an exhibition field and diffusing public information about a new variety of Chinese cabbage seed are important in accepting a new variety of seed.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.29-39
• /
• 1999

Current data on reproductive characters of endemic and native species are essential to provide a strategy for the conservation of these species. Red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc.) is one of the dominant, native tree species in Korea, but its reproductive ecology is not well-known. In 1997, the pattern of variation in cone and seed yields contributing to the conservation of declining populations of red pines was examined. Plant height and dbh were measured, and several new cones were collected from each tagged tree after counting the number of cones on each tree. For a subset of cones sampled, the number of fertile scales, the number of seeds at three development stages (early/late aborted, and filled seed), seed wing size, wing color, and individual filled seed mass were measured. The three sites which differed significantly in mean plant size also differed in mean cone and seed production per plant. However further analyses showed that most variation in characters examined occurred among plants within sites, but not among sites. An average of 90% of the potential seeds on the cones aborted at an early developmental stage, demonstrating that early abortion is a major factor affecting the number of filled seeds per cone. Individual seed mass was the only character which exhibited significant variations among sites as well as among trees within sites. Individual seed mass was overall negatively correlated with both the percentage of late abortion and the number of old cones per plant, suggesting that both the past and current years' reproductive activities have caused variations in seed mass. The potential dispersal distance of red pine seeds is quite large. However, wing loading was correlated with seed mass and number in a complex pattern across the sites. Distribution of seeds with varied colored wings differed among sites and among trees within sites. These results suggest that red pines at different sites might possess different strategies to cope with selection pressures acting during the final phase of reproduction, from seed dispersal to establishment. Then the ‘fitted’ red pine trees at each site should be identified and managed to conserve or restore populations.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.184-193
• /
• 2000

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed weight is a important trait in cultivar development. Objective of this study was to identify and confirm quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seed weight variation in the F2 and F2:3 generations. QTLs for seed weight were identified in F2 and F2:3 generations using interval mapping (MapMaker/QTL) and single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the F2 plant generation (i.e., F3 seed), three markers, OPL9a, OPM7a, and OPAC12 were significantly (P<0.01) associated with seed weight QTLs. In the F2:3 plant row generation (i.e., F4 seed), five markers, OPA9a, OPG19, OPL9b, OPP11, and Sat_085 were significantly (P<0.01) associated with seed weight QTLs. Two markers, OPL9a and OPL9b were significantly (P<0.05) associated with seed weight QTLs in both generations. Two QTLs on USDA soybean linkage group C1 and R were identified in both F2 and F2:3 generations using interval mapping. The linkage group C1 QTL explained 16% of the variation in seed weight in both generations, and the linkage group R QTL explained 39% and 41% of the variation for F2 and F2:3 generation, respectively. The linkage group C2 QTL identified in F2:3 generation explained 14.9% of variation. Linkage groups C1, C2 and R had previously been identified as harbouring seed size QTLs. The consistency of QTLs across generations and populations indicates that marker-assisted selection is possible in a soybean breeding program.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.331-339
• /
• 2023

In this study, in vitro and clinical studies were conducted to assess the anti-inflammatory effects and skin improvement effects, including moisturizing, sebum secretion-regulating, skin barrier function enhancing, and soothing of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) seed oil. In in vitro study using cultured human epidermal keratinocytes induced with inflammation by lipopolysaccharide, significant decreases in inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha was revealed, indicating the anti-inflammatory effects of H. annuus (Sunflower) seed oil. Additionally, the results of clinical study on subjects with sensitive skin demonstrated improved skin hydration, regulation of sebum secretion, enhanced skin barrier function, as well as amelioration of skin redness and acne, indicating positive effects on overall skin conditions after application of H. annuus (Sunflower) seed oil containing test product for 4 weeks. Results of this study demonstrated the potential of H. annuus (Sunflower) seed oil as an ingredient for cosmetic, targeting consumers with sensitive skin.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.41 no.12
• /
• pp.1072-1080
• /
• 2018

A plant-specific B3 domain and AP2 domain-containing transcription factor, RAV1 acts as a negative regulator of growth in many plant species and its transcription was down-regulated by BR and ABA. In this study, we found that RAV1-overexpressing transgenic plants showed abnormally developed ovules, resulting in reduced seed size, weight, and number in a silique. Interestingly, the endogenous expression of RAV1 fluctuated during seed development; it remained low during the early stage of seed development and sharply increased in the seed maturation stage. In plants, seed development is a complex process that requires coordinated growth of the embryo, endosperm, and maternal integuments. Among many genes that are associated with endosperm proliferation and embryo development, three genes consisting of SHB1, MINI3, and IKU2 form a small unit positively regulating this process, and their expression was regulated by BR and ABA. Using the floral stage-specific RNAs, we found that the expression of MINI3 and IKU2, the two downstream genes of the SHB1-MINI3-IKU2 cascade in the seed development pathway, were particularly reduced in the RAV1-overexpressing transgenic plants. We further determined that RAV1 directly binds to the promoter of MINI3 and IKU2, resulting in their repression. Direct treatment with brassinolide (BL) improved seed development of RAV1-overexpressing plants, but treatment with ABA severely worsened it. Overall, these results suggest that RAV1 is an additional negative player in the early stages of seed development, during which ABA and BR signaling are coordinated.