• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1679-1682
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• 1999

본 연구는 고춧가루 추출액의 혼합 비율에 따른 고추씨 추출액의 매운맛에 대한 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 고추씨 추출액에 첨가하는 고춧가루 혼합비율이 증가할수록 수율 및 점도, 탁도, a와 b값은 증가하였으며 L값은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 시간차 강도 평가에 의한 관능검사 결과 고추씨 추출액은 매운맛이 완만히 증가하였으며 후기에도 그 강도가 유지되는 것에 반하여 고춧가루 추출액은 단시간에 매운맛에 도달한 후 급격히 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 고춧가루와 고추씨 추출액의 혼합 비율은 그들 자체가 지니는 매운맛 특성에 의해 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2010

The seed powder of Abrus precatorius L. has traditionally been used as oral contraceptive agent by the women in some rural areas in Bangladesh. The present study aimed to examine the antifertility activity of A. precatorius seed extracts in experimental female rats. Finely ground seeds were extracted with aqueous acetone followed by successive partitioning with n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) and water. Water suspended crude seed powder, organic fractions of acetone extract and a standard contraceptive drug ($Nordette^{(R)}28$) were separately administered orally to the female rats for 30 days. n-Hexane, EtOAc and MeOH solubles at the doses of 2, 4 and 6 mg/rat/day, respectively and crude seed powder at 100 mg/rat/day exhibited 100% antifertility activity with lowest levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and $17{\beta}$-estradiol. Histological study of ovary and uterus of these rats exhibited reduced number of developing follicles and increased number of atretic follicles in the ovary, and fewer uterine glands with shrunken morphology, reduced endometrial height, poor vascularity and compact stroma in uterus. However, the activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and the body weight of the rats remained almost unaffected in all the seed extract treated rats compared to control. These results suggest that A. precatorius seed extracts reduced the levels of serum FSH, LH and $17{\beta}$-estradiol probably by affecting hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The reduced levels of these hormones might have affected the oestrous cycle, follicular development, and subsequently the establishment of pregnancy in treated rats.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2015

본 논문은 미국 남부지역 특화작물인 머스커다인 포도의 부분별 추출물의 항산화능 및 항균활성을 구명하기 위한 목적으로, Higgins, Jumbo, Noble 3종의 머스커다인 품종을 대상으로 하여 포도의 과피/과육부분과 종자부분을 추출하여 실험에 사용하였다. 각 추출물에 대하여, 항산화능은 총페놀함량 및 라디칼 소거능(Scavenging activity 및 $EC_{50}$)을, 항균활성은 E.coli K12에 대한 최소생육저해농도(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)를 조사하였다. 종자 추출물의 총페놀함량은 231.24~294.81 mg/mL GAE로 과피/과육 추출물에 비하여 높은 함량을 보였다. 또한 Higgins품종의 종자 추출물이 가장 우수한 라디칼소거능($EC_{50}=0.026mg/mL$)을 나타내, 종자추출물이 과피/과육추출물보다 우수한 항산화능을 보유하였다. 반면, E.coli K12에 대한 항균활성은 Higgins 품종의 과피/과육추출물이 40 mg/mL의 MIC를 보임으로써 가장 우수하였다. 따라서, 본 연구는 머스커다인 포도 추출물이 천연 유래의 항산화 및 항균 기능성을 보유한 소재로 활용될 수 있는 잠재적 가치를 제시하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2010

The seeds from two mulberry fruits [Morus alba (MA) and Cudrania tricuspidata (CT)] were examined for their oil content, and fatty acid, phytosterol and tocopherol compositions and contents. Moreover, polyphenolic compounds and biological activity of the two defatted seed residue extracts were also evaluated. Oil contents of MA and CT seeds were 29.36% and 16.69%, respectively, while MeOH extracts of the defatted MA and CT seed residues were 5.10% and 6.22%, respectively. The two seed oils were composed of 81.4 and 74.37% linoleic, 5.75 and 11.39% oleic, 8.40 and 10.18% palmitic acid, and 3.52 and 3.0% stearic acids, and two other minor fatty acids, such as linolenic and arachidic acids. MA seed had higher contents of phytosterols (507.59 mg/100 g of oil), tocopherols (99.64 mg/100 g of oil), and total flavonoid (106.50 mg/100 g of seed) than CT seed, whereas CT seed had higher levels of total polyphenol than MA seed. The MeOH extract of MA seed residue showed higher antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-melanogenic activity than that of CT seed residue. trans-Resveratrol (9.62 mg/100 g), quercetin (54.83 mg/100 g), and 4-prenylmoracin (48.70 mg/100 g), were found to be the main polyphenolic components in the MeOH extract of MA seed residue. These results indicate that MA seeds are good sources of essential dietary phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-melanogenic activity.

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.270-274
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• 2010

Obesity is caused from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, which may lead to pathologic growth of adipocytes and accumulation of fat in tissue. We examined the inhibitory effects of Eriobotrya japonica leaf and seed extracts on lipid absorption in vitro and fat accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 to adipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were stimulated with DMEM media containing 10% FBS, 0.5 mM 3-isobuthyl-1-methyxanthine (IBMX), $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ insulin, and $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ dexamethasone for differentiation to adipocytes. E. japonica leaf extract at concentration of 0.5 or 1 mg/ml inhibited pancreatic lipase activity. The cell viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes slightly reduced about 3% by treatment of E. Japonica leaf and seed extracts. The leaf and seed extracts of E. japonica effectively inhibited the accumulations of lipid droplet and expression of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ promoting adipogenesis. Thus, this data suggest that E. japonica leaf and seed extracts inhibit fat accumulation through regulation of $C/EBP{\alpha}$, and leaf extract is more effective in lipid absorption and adipogenesis than seed extract.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.771-779
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activities (FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH), and antibacterial properties of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) extracts. Lotus leaves, stems, and seed pods were extracted with deionized water at $95^{\circ}C$, and with 70.5% ethanol at $85^{\circ}C$. The TPC ranged from 8.12 to 215.12 GAE mg/g. The ethanol extract of the seed pod had the highest TPC, and the TPC of the corresponding deionized water extract was 161.45 mg/g. FRAP values ranged from 104.03 to $3,546.39TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$, ABTS radical cation scavenging activities ranged from 105.11 to $3,956.94TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$, and DPPH radical scavenging activities ranged from 37.29 to $2,549.46TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$. $EC_{50}$ values ranged from 0.26 to 9.63 mg/mL, and 0.31 to 21.21 mg/mL for ABTS and DPPH, respectively. The ethanol and deionized water extracts of the seed pod showed higher TPC and stronger antioxidant properties (FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH) than those of characteristic of the leaf extracts. The ethanol and deionized water extracts of the seed pod showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with inhibition zones of 9.0 to 14.0 mm, and the ethanol extract of the leaf showed antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus with inhibition zones of 9.0 and 10.0 mm, respectively. Thus, the lotus seed pod could be used to produce novel teas, and could be a potential source of therapeutic ingredients for food and medicine.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.372-379
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• 2010

Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot was isolated from sesame seeds (cvs. Giza 32 and Shandawel-3) collected from different localities of Assiut, Sohage and El-Minia Governorates. The fungus was found in the highest frequently in samples collected from Assiut Governorate followed by Sohag and finally EL Minia Governorate. The obtained isolates were different in their virulence on the tested sesame cvs. Also, they differed in their growth nature including colony color and sclerotial production. The color of colonies of the pathogen seem to be correlated with density of sclerotial formation. Aqueous extracts of Majorna, Wild chamomile, Geranium oil and Nees plants were highly toxic to tested isolates of M. phaseolina, in vitro. On the other hand the rest of the tested aqueous extracts had no effect. Under greenhouse conditions in 2005 and 2006 seasons, soaking seeds of sesame before sowing in aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus, Nerium, Ocimum and Roesmary plants decreased the disease incidence. Aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus and Ocimum were the most effective treatment. Dipping sesame seeds in hot water at $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes increased seed germination of Giza 32 and Shandawel-3 cvs. followed by $55^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$, while $40^{\circ}C$ treatment resulted the lowest seed germination rate. Dipping sesame seeds in hot water at different temperature before planting decreased seed, seedling and charcoal rots. Soaking seeds in hot water at $60^{\circ}C$ increased greatly plant height and decreased seed, seedling rot and charcoal rot followed by $55^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, under greenhouse condition.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.134-138
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• 2000

Most parts of alfalfa plant have been reported to contain autotoxic substances that inhibit seed germination and early seedling growth, however, the chemical(s) is not still studied much. Effect of seed leachates of 'Vernal' alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was evaluated for inhibition of alfalfa germination and root growth through bioassay. Alfalfa seeds were extracted in 1 L deionized water for 1 h after soaking and the leachates caused to reduce root length of alfalfa significantly as the soaking time increased. Crude seeds at 4 g L$L^{-1}$ exudated autotoxins that reduce significantly root length by 34 % compared to the control, when the seeds soaked in deionized water for 24 h. However, the extracts did not affect final germination as well as speed of germination. Extracts from ground seeds significantly reduced speed of germination (GT 50) and root length. The results indicate that release of autotoxic substances from seeds during seed imbibition was increased with increase of soaking time and seed amount, and that autotoxicity was more occurred in ground seeds than in crude seeds.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.443-446
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• 1987

들깨 및 메밀 건경의 물 추출액을 피 및 배추에 처리하여 발아 및 초기생장의 억제 양상을 본 결과 1. 두가지 추출액 모두 피와 배추의 발아를 억제하였으며 메밀 추출액이 들깨 추출액보다 심하였고 피보다는 배추에 억제효과가 켰다. 2. 발아후 초기 생장도 위와 같은 경향이나 발아억제보다는 생장 억제 효과가 약간 적은 영향이었다. 3. 이들 추출액은 지상부 생장보다는 뿌리 생장에 피해를 더 주는 경향이며 들깨 추출액보다 메밀 추출액이 더 심한 편이었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2006

Water extracts, ethanol extracts, and juice of Cusuta japonica, C, australis, and C. chinensis were prepared, and their cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activitiy and melanin biosynthesis were estimated by using melanoma Clone M-3. From this study; the following conclusions were attained. Extracts of Cuscuta japonica, C. australis, and C. chinensis showed noticeable cytotoxicity except ethanol extracts from the stem of C. australis. A maximual cytotoxicity was observed with tile ethanol extract from the seed of C, australis (87.39%). While the ethanol extract from the seed of C. japonica (91.88%) showed the most pronounced inhibitory effect on melanin biosynthesis, the water extract from the stem of C. japonica (1.05%) possessed very little inhibitory effect. The most inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity was observed with the water extract from the stem of C. australis (76.67%). Howeverr the water extract from the stem of C. japonica showed a very poor effect on the inhibition of tyrosinase activity All the preparations, except extracts from the seed of C. australis were able to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose-dependent manner. The juice of C. japonica demonstrated the strongest activity (59.02%).