• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.75-90
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• 2003

A total of 192 Korean landraces were investigated for the comparison of each other as useful germplasm to organic farming and examined correlation between quantitative traits. Almost Korean landraces were classified into medium-heading variety and average days from seeding to heading was 111.1 days. Plant height and culm length were longer about 20∼40cm than general Japonica cultivar. Average width of leaf blade and average length of panicle were 1.3cm and 22.4cm, respectively, Average number of panicles per plant was 10.0 and almost varieties showed low tilling habit. Average length/width ratio of brown rice was 1.7 and several varieties were long grain type and average 1,000 grain weight was 21.6g. In correlation coefficient among quantitative traits, positive significant correlations were observed between culm length and leaf width, days from seeding to heading, but negative correlations were observed between days from seeding to heading and 1000 grain weight. 27.1% of Korean landraces showed weak and lodging degree in culm strength and 3.6% of total varieties showed purple margin on leaf blade and leaf sheath. In leaf blade angle and flag leaf angle, erect type was 46.9% and 10.9%, respectively. 24.0% of total varieties showed the slow and late degree of leaf senescence. The rate of awned type, waxy type and brown seed coat were 74.5%, 20.3% and 4.2%, respectively. The color of stigma, spikelet, apiculus and awn showed diverse color such as white, brown, red and purple.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2014

This study presents an eco-friendly persimmon drying system to satisfy consumer preferences and provide a popular food for both the domestic and international markets. The most effective antimicrobial compounds were developed from a combination of plant extracts (18.18% clove buds, 9.90% cinnamon, 9.09% licorice, 4.55% cnidium, 4.55% seed of grapefruit, and 54.54% apple vinegar). The dried persimmons were evaluated as regards their moisture and sugar content, weight, hardness, and color value. During the drying process, the overall moisture content of the persimmons increased, along with the sugar content. The hardness was almost the same for each region and decreased on an average of 0.5~0.86 after 6 weeks. As regards the chromaticity, ${\Delta}E$ decreased during the drying process, while L-value became darker and a-value showed a dark red color over time.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.612-615
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• 2006

Purpose: An ideal bony construct can be divided into two broad categories: (1) the design and fabrication of biodegradable, biomimetic scaffolds that provide correct signals to induce osteogenesis: (2) the identification of an ideal source of osteoprogenitor cells to seed onto the scaffold. We selected poly-glycolic acid as a synthetic scaffold among various scaffolds because of these properties. Meanwhile, culture medium is supplemented with fetal bovine serum(FBS): such serum contains essential elements such as proteins, hormones, growth factors and trace minerals. The composition of FBS can be ideal for various cell growth in vitro. We supposed that we could enhance bone growth at a fractured site if FBS was mixed with synthetic scaffold-PGA. Methods: We cultured human osteoblasts in five different prepared culture dishes made with FBS and PGA mixture. The mixtures contained different ratio of FBS, that is, 0, 1.5, 3, 7, and 10%. We cultured human osteoblasts for seven days and examined the growth and attachment of the cells at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th days, respectively. Results: In the mixture of 0% FBS and PGA, the growth of the cells lasted for one day. In 1.5 and 3% FBS and PGA, the growth of the cells was examined at the 3rd day, then minimally declined at the 5th and 7th days. In 7% FBS and PGA, the growth of the cells lasted for 5 days, then declined at the 7th day. In 10% FBS and PGA, the growth of the cells lasted for 5 days, then declined at the 7th day. Staining status of the osteoblasts with alkaline phosphatase showed pale pink color in 0% FBS and PGA groups, but bright pink color in 1.5, 3, 7, 10% FBS and PGA groups, especially in 3%, 7%. Conclusion: In consequence, the growth of human osteoblast was higher in the mixture of FBS and PGA groups than in pure PGA ones. It is assumed that the mixture of FBS and PGA affects the proliferation of human osteoblasts.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1994

Eight varieties of soybeans grown in Korea were investigated to compare chemical composition, protein dispersibility index (PDI) and some properties of soybean sprouts and tofu. The range of protein contents was $37.80{\sim}40.43%$ where the Kyungdong 3 was the highest and Suwon 157 was the lowest, while the Bokwang was the lowest in lipid contents. The range of PDI was $71.6{\sim}95.3%$ where the Kyungdong 3 was the highest and Suwon 162 was the lowest. The Kyungdong 3, Suwon 160 and Suwon 162 were significantly fast in growth rate of soybean sprout roots and the 100% of germination. The Kyungdong 3 was the highest in tofu yield and Suwon 146 was the highest in hardness. The organoleptic properties of tofu showed that $L{\times}2.3$ and Suwon 162 was relatively high in cooked beany odor, while the Suwon 146 were the highest in elasticity and hardness. Even though Kyungdong 3 was found as the best for tofu and soybean sprouts processing, the black color of seed coat affected negatively on tofu color.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.543-547
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• 2006

In order to improve wine quality, the selection of yeast strain and of additives in the manufacture of Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miq.) wine was investigated. The chemical composition of the edible portions of Bokbunja fruits was 86.5% moisture, 0.2% crude protein, 0.9% crude fat, 6.6% crude fiber, 0.5% ash and $10^{\circ}Brix$ sugar, and was 2.99% fructose, 2.53% glucose and 0.07% sucrose in fruit extract. The predominant organic acids in the fruit were citric acid (14.57 mg/mL) and malic acid (2.24 mg/mL) with smaller amounts of shikimic, pyroglutamic and oxalic acid. During fermentation, citric and malic acid levels decreased, while formic and acetic acid were released. Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCCM 12224 (Sc-24) was more favorable for alcoholic fermentation of Bokbunja and the addition of 200 ppm of potassium metabisulphite to must was more efficient than other $SO_2$ sources with a higher overall acceptability score. Sc-24 increased alcohol production from 9.8 to 14.8% in a sugar concentration dependent manner $(18-28^{\circ}Brix)$. The color value of early stage Bokbunja must was improved by supplementing with Japanese apricot extract, but this did not influence the color value of Bokbunja wine after primary fermentation. The astringent taste of Bokbunja wine was reduced by removing the seed from the fruit. Sugar solution (50%, w/v) was used instead of sugar power to prevent the possibility of undissolved sugar due to insufficient mixing. This substitution did not influence sensory evaluation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.365-368
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• 2003

Variations of agronomic traits were evaluated on the progenies of regenerated rice plants of different callus origin and subculture period. From eighty-eight percent to ninety percents of ovary culture-derived plants (OCP) and anther culture-derived plants (ACP) were not segregated within the lines in major agronomic characters. Compare to ACP and OCP lines, the seed culture derived lines (SCP) showed more segregation (17％) in major agronomic traits among the lines. The most frequent segregating traits were grain fertility (6.1％) in ACP, leaf color (4.2％) in OCP and grain fertility (4.9％) and leaf color (4.9％) in SCP lines. The SCP line showed more variation in culm length, panicle length and heading date than those of OCP and ACP lines. The variation of agronomic traits in SCP lines was tended to increase with prolonged subculture. Culm and panicle length were shorter than those of original cultivar in all three types of tissue culture-derived lines (OCP, ACP and SCP).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.475-483
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• 2015

We examined the effects of light colors (wavelength) and light quantities on the yield ratio and quality of cultivated cowpea sprouts. All light colors resulted in a lower cowpea sprout yield ratio compared to the untreated condition (darkness), but were similar in hard seed ratio. All light colors promoted the growth of the epicotyl and root when compared to the untreated condition, but limited the growth of the hypocotyl. White light (458 nm) significantly improved grade by increasing the lightness of the cotyledon and the hypocotyl and the yellowness of the hypocotyl. The Fe content of cowpea sprouts was higher in those grown under red light (632 nm), and the total amino acid content was higher for those grown under yellow light (560 nm), white light (458 nm), and blue light (460 nm) compared to plants grown in the untreated condition (darkness). The yield ratio of cowpea sprouts was lower in the yellow light condition (560 nm) at lower light quantity, but no differences were observed at other light colors and quantities. The lightness and yellowness of cowpea sprouts was higher in the yellow light (560 nm) and red light (632 nm) at lower light quantity, redness was lower. No significant differences were observed in the content of normal and inorganic components according to the light quantities of each light color, except that Fe content was higher in sprouts grown under red light (632 nm) as light quantity increased. Total amino acid content was slightly higher in sprouts grown under white light (458 nm) and blue light (460 nm) as light quantity increased.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2010

Seven rice germplasms with red pigmentation within the pericarp were isolated from a large mutant collection. These red pericarp phenotypes resulted from the functions of the Rc, Rd and RdRc genes. Among them, two brown pericarp of the Rc type, four red pericarp of the RdRc type, and one white pericarp of the Rd type were identified. Morphological and agronomic characteristics of those rice germplasms were studied. The Rc type germplasms have the faint red or brown color pericarp and the Rd types produce the white pericarp, whereas the RdRc type germplasms have the dark red pericarp. Most of the important agronomic characteristics including plant stature, tillering ability, spikelet fertility, and total grain yield were lower in the colored rice than those of the wild-type control. All of the studied colored rice germplasms had a tendency of easy seed-shattering in comparison to the control. These characteristics of newly identified germplasms will be useful for identifying the genes responsible for pericarp color phenotype determination.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.195-199
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• 2011

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) is one of the most important crops to the fresh vegetable market and the food processing industry. To evaluate genetic variation in tomato fruits, major characteristics such as soluble solids, acidity and carotenoid contents were analyzed for 771 genetic resource lines. Lines in red color was about 85% which is the largest one followed by peach color, yellow, green, orange, and black. The sweetness of juice ranged from 2.2 to 11.5% (in brix), the average being 5.6%. The acidity ranged from 0.124% to 1.665%, and the average was 0.881%. The lycopine contents was up to 80.4 ${\mu}g/g$, and 43.4 ${\mu}g/g$ in average. ${\beta}$-carotine ranged 1.8 to 48.8 ${\mu}g/g$ and it average was 10.8 ${\mu}g/g$. Statistical analysis indicates that there is coefficient of correlation between acidity and sweetness, acidity and pH, pH and lycopine, lycopine and ${\beta}$-carotine. It is expected that the result of this study can be used for breeding more competitive species with respect to contents in sugar or functional chemicals from the selected characteristic species.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 1986

To know the ecological pattern of bulrush (Scirpus juncoides) seeds in dormancy-breaking responses as affected by different ripening processes, storage conditions, germination conditions, and some of known chemicals concerned, the study was conducted. Among other conditions detected, the burial in 2 cm depth paddy soil, $5^{\circ}C$ storage temperature, pre-maturing process (Green color), high concentration of chemicals used, and flooding paddy surfaces were the most efficient conditions for bulrush seeds to break dormancy and germinate, respectively.