• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2018

Background: The present study assessed the response of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L., Jangdae) seed to NaCl and the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on kenaf seed germination and vigor. Methods and Results: Seed germination ranged from 11.3% to 58.8% after 24 hours of immersion in NaCl concentrations from 0% to 0.5%. The priming treatments had lower electrical conductivity (EC) values for the seeds than for the control and a deteriorated palisade layer. Priming in 10% PEG for 48 hours increased the germination upto 96.3% in $H_2O$ solution and 98.8% in 0.3% NaCl solution compared to that of the control (78.8%). Germination synchronization, and shoot and root growth of the primed seeds were greater than those of the control. The $T_{50}$ of the control in $H_2O$ and 0.3% NaCl solution was 22 and 28 times, respectively. After priming, nine times was sufficient to reach $T_{50}$ in both solution. The mean number of days to germination (MDG) decreased from 1.43 days for the control to 0.55 days for 0% PEG in $H_2O$ solution and from 1.57 days for the control to 0.56 days for 0% PEG in 0.3% NaCl solution. The dry weight after the 10% PEG treatment was higher than that of the control. Conclusions: Taken together, 10% PEG treatment for 24 hours is recommended for kenaf seed invigoration before planting.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2016

본 연구는 4개 종자산지(Yugoslovia, ltaly, United Kingdom, Bulgaria)의 글로티노사오리나무(Alnus glutinosa)를 대상으로 목섬유 길이, 도관 길이 및 직경인 해부학적 성질을 조사하여, 이들의 종자산지 간 및 생장속도와의 관계를 규명하였다. 글로티노사오리나무는 산공재, 계단상천공, 교호상벽공으로 나타났다. 접선단면에서 방사조직 높이는 9~11, 횡단면에서 방사조직 수는 16~26개로 나타났다. 산지 간의 목섬유 길이, 도관 길이 및 직경에서 만재부에서는 차이가 없었고, 조재부에서는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3개 산지는 생장이 좋을수록 만재부의 목섬유 및 도관 길이가 짧아지는 것으로 나타났으나, 유고슬로비아산은 생장이 좋으면서 목섬유 및 도관길이도 긴 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

Eighty-five different cultivars of Brassica rapa, B. juncea, B. nap us, B. carinata, B. oleracea and hexaploid Brassica collected from Bangladesh, Japan, China and Denmark were analyzed by SDS-PAGE for seed and leaf protein variations, using esterase, acid phosphatase and peroxidase isozyme analysis. Ten polymorphic bands were identified from seed protein however no identifiable polymorphic band was found in the leaf protein. Polymorphic markers clearly distinguished the different Brassica species as well as yellow sarson (YS) and brown seeded (BS) cultivars of B. rapa. The $F_1$ cross between YS and brown seeded cultivars showed the existance of all poly-morphic bands of the respective parents. The Bangla-deshi and Japanese cultivars of B. rapa differed in the amount of seed protein. In the case of isozyme analysis, esterase showed the highest number of polymorphic bands (13) followed by acid phosphatase (9) and peroxidase (5). These polymorphic markers were very effec-tive for classification of all the species studied in this experiment. In parentage tests using isozymes, the hybridity of intra-and-interspecific crosses of almost all the seedlings could be identified from their respective cross combinations. Esterase polymorphism showed a clear differentiation between YS and BS types of B. rapa. In addition, two esterase polymorphic markers were iden ified to differentiate some cultivars of B. juncea. Segregation patterns in these two esterase bands showed a simple Mendelian monohybrid ratio of 3:1 in $F_2$, 1:1 in test cross and 1:0 in back cross progenies. No polymorphic band was identified to distinguish different cultivars of the same species by acid phosphatase or peroxidase. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out with seed coat color specific marker of B. juncea. The yellow seeded cultivars produced a strong band at 0.5 kb and weak band 1.2 kb. In the addition of these two specific bands, Japanese yellow-seeded cultivars expressed two more weak bands at 1.0 kb and 1.1 kb. Where the brown seeded cultivars generated a single strong band at 1.1 kb. In segregating population, the yellow seed coat color marker segregated at a ratio 15 (brown) : 1 (yellow), indicating the digenic inheritance pattern of the trait.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.107-123
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• 1996

The position effects on the abortion of flowers, fruits, and ovules were examined in relation to the resource limitation hypothesis using a temperate legume species, Vicia cracca. Fifty plants were randomly sampled from a natural population located at the Belmont Conservation Site in Belmont, MA, USA. Due to indeterminant growth and acropetal flowering of this species, the position of flower or fruit on the plant was able to be coded by the combination of architectural levels such as plant half (lower and upper half) and inflorescence half (lower and upper half) within each plant half. Overall, only 17.3% of the flowers on an inflorescence began to develop into fruits, while overall 36.0% of the fruits initiated failed to mature. Consequently, 11.5% of the flowers successfully matured into fruits. The mean flower number per inflorescence differed significantly among plants as well as between plant halves. Although the probability of fruit initiation was higher in the lower halves of both plant and inflorescence than in the upper halves of the latter, fruit abortion rate differed significantly only between plant halves. The overall mean seed set was 33.6%, implying that about two out of six ovules in a fruit matured into seeds. The seed set was independent of both plant identity and architectural level unlike other reproductive characters examined. When the ovule developmental stage was examined on data pooled over all fruits, the proportion of ovules in varying developmental stages decreased in order of early abortion, seed maturation, late abortion, and seed predation (48.4, 34.9, 12.2, and 4.5%, respectively). A within-fruit ovule position was also used as a class variable for the analysis of position effects on ovule development. All architectural levels considered exerted singificant influence over the ovule development. In particular, ovule development was strongly affected by the within-fruit ovule position. Ovules in both extreme ends within a fruit tended to abort early, while those in the middle position were more likely to mature into seeds. The strong position effects detected from the flowering to seed maturation stage were interpreted as an indication of competitive interaction among reproductive characters which are largely constrained by plant architecture.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2006

A optimal procedure for plant production via repetitive secondary somatic embryogenesis in Tilia amurensis is described. Somatic embryos were induced directly from the culture of zygotic embryos on medium with 1.0 mg/l 2,4.-D. Repetitive secondary somatic embryos formed on the surface of the cotyledons and hypocotyls except for the radicles when explants of somatic embryos were cultured on medium with 4.0 mg/l 2,4-D. The highest frequency of secondary embryo-genesis was obtained in the cotyledons (90%) and hypocotyls(83.33%) on MS medium with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D. The average number of secondary embryos per explant was 25.74 in cotyledon and 24.92 in hypocotyl. When the cotyledon and hypocotyl segments from somatic embryos at different developmental stages were cultured on MS medium with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, the highest frequency of secondary embryogenesis was obtained from late cotyledonary secondary embryos. Somatic embryos were transferred to MS basal medium and then they germinated within 2 to 4 weeks of culture. Germinated somatic embryos grew normally into plantlets on WPM medium, producing new shoots. The converted plantlets were acclimatized on artificial soil mixture. These results indicate that the repetitive secondary somatic embryogenesis in T amurensis can offer the possibility to use in vitro culture system for the micropropagation.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.298-302
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• 2006

A number of field experiments were conducted to assess the role of combined application of nitrogen and sulfur to increase the seed and oil yield of nonnodulating soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) cv. PK-416 $(V_1)$ and cv. PK-1024 $(V_2)$. Six combinations of N and S in three replicates each were used for this purpose i.e. $0\;S+23.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_1);\;0\;S+23.5+20kg\;N \;ha^{-1}(T_2);\;40\;S+23.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_3);\;40\;S+23.5+20kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_4);\;20+20\;S+23.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_5);\;20+20\;S+23.5+20kg\;N\;ha^l(T_6)$. Nitrate reductase (NR) and ATP-sulphurylase activities in the leaves were measured at various growth stages as the two enzymes catalyze the rate limiting steps of the assimilatory pathways of nitrate and sulphate, respectively. The activities of these enzymes were strongly correlated with seed yield. The higher seed, oil and protein yields were achieved with the treatment $T_6$ in both the cultivars due to optimization of NR activity and ATP-sulphurylase activity, as these parameters were influenced by N and S assimilation. Any variation from this combination was observed to decrease the activity of these enzymes resulting in reductions in the seed, oil and protein yield of soybean.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.400-420
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• 2019

The aims of the study were to analyze (1) the effects of Prosopis juliflora (Prosopis) on the spatial distribution and soil seed banks (SSB) diversity and density, (2) the effects of environmental factors on SSB diversity and density (number of seeds in the soil per unit area), and (3) the effects of animal fecal droppings on SSB diversity, density, and dispersal. Aboveground vegetation data were collected from different Prosopis-infested habitats from quadrats (20 × 20 m) in Prosopis thickets, Prosopis + native species stand, non-invaded woodlands, and open grazing lands. In each Prosopis-infested habitats, soil samples were collected from the litter layer and three successive soil layer, i.e., 0-3 cm, 3-6 cm, and 6-9 cm. Seeds from soil samples and animal fecal matter were separated in the green house using the seedling emergence technique. Invasion of Prosopis had significant effects on the soil seed bank diversity. Results revealed that the mean value of the Shannon diversity of non-invaded woodlands was being higher by 19.2%, 18.5%, and 11.0% than Prosopis thickets; Prosopis + native species stand and open grazing lands, respectively. The seed diversity and richness, recovered from 6-9-cm-deep layer were the highest. On the other hand, the density of Prosopis seeds was the highest in the litter layer. About 156 of seeds/kg (92.9%) of seeds were germinated from cattle fecal matter. However, in a small proportion of seedlings, 12 of seeds/kg (7.1%) were germinated from shot fecal matter. Thus, as the seeds in the soil were low in the study areas, in situ and ex situ conservation of original plants and reseeding of persistent grass species such as Cynodon dactylon, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon plumulosus, and Brachiaria ramosa are recommended.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.883-888
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• 2012

The efficacy of cowdung, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA)-biofertilizer, and Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU)-biofungicide, alone or in combination, was evaluated for controlling foot rot disease of lentil. The results exhibited that BINA-biofertilizer and BAU-biofungicide (peat soil-based Rhizobium leguminosarum and black gram bran-based Trichoderma harzianum) are compatible and have combined effects in controlling the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotium rolfsii, which cause the root rot of lentil. Cowdung mixing with soil (at 5 t/ha) during final land preparation and seed coating with BINA-biofertilizer and BAU-biofungicide (at 2.5% of seed weight) before sowing recorded 81.50% field emergence of lentil, which showed up to 19.85% higher field emergence over the control. Post-emergence deaths of plants due to foot rot disease were significantly reduced after combined seed treatment with BINA-biofertilizer and BAU-biofungicide. Among the treatments used, only BAU-biofungicide as the seed treating agent resulted in higher plant stand (84.82%). Use of BINA-biofertilizer and BAU-biofungicide as seed treating biocontrol agents and application of cowdung in the soil as an organic source of nutrient resulted in higher shoot and root lengths, and dry shoot and root weights of lentil. BINA-biofertilizer significantly increased the number of nodules per plant and nodules weight of lentil. Seeds treating with BAU-biofungicide and BINA-biofertilizer and soil amendment with cowdung increased the biomass production of lentil up to 75.56% over the control.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2021

본 배경 : 질염은 항생제를 복용하는 방식으로 치료를 하고 있으며, 이러한 항생제의 지속적인 치료는 내성을 유발할 수 있다. 연구 방법 : Lactic acid bacteria 2종에 에센셜 오일을 이용한 항균 활성을 보고자 한다. SE(Grapefruit Seed Extract), eucalyptus, tea tree, clove bud oil, cinnamon oil, lemongrass oil, thyme oil, ginger oil을 일정 비율로 넣어 배양 후, 병원성 미생물- E. coli, C. albicans와 Lactic acid bacteria은 균주에 맞는 배지를 사용하여 균 수를 측정하였다. 결과 : Essential oil 7종과 GSE가 병원성 미생물에 억제 효과가 있으며, 병원성균(E. coli, C. albicans)에 대한 Grapefruit seed extract(GSE)의 억제농도를 확인하였다, 병원성균은 억제하고 Lactic acid bacteria는 억제하지 않는 배합비도 확인하였다(GSE 농도가 200ppm에서 Eucalyptus globulus(EG) oil 50㎕와 Melaleuca alternifolia oil(Tea tree oil, TTO) 50㎕(pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0)). 결론 : 본 실험에서 Essential oil은 다양한 항균 활성 가지고 있어 항생제 대안으로도 생각할 수 있으며, 장기 항생제 치료환자에 대한 보조 항균제로서도 유용할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1977

유채 추묘춘식의 파종시기와 정식기 이동이 수량형질에 미치는 영향을 구명코저 목포에서는 유달, Asahi, Miyuki의 3품종을 가지고 9월20일, 9월30일, 10월10일, 10월20일에 파종하여 익년 3월에 춘식하였고 충남에서는 유달로 상기와 같은 묘상기간동안 12.1～2.28 Vinyl과 11.1～2.28 Vinyl 처리로 시험을 실시하였던바 유묘의 생육은 목포의 파종기가 늦을수록 초장이 짧고 엽수가 적으며 생체중이 가벼운데 대해 충남은 Vinyl 피복처리에 의한 영향으로 정반대의 경향을 나타냈다. 이와같은 경향은 본포의 초장, 추태, 개화등 숙기에서도 같았다. 주요 수량 구성형질인 분지수, 1수협수, 수장, 1협결실수에서도 파종기가 늦을수록 적고 조기 파종일수록 많았는데 다만 추묘춘식에서 10월10일 이전의 파종기에서는 도장으로 인한 영향때문에 오히려 10월20일 파종보다 적고 짧았다. 종실수량에서는 목포에서 9월20일, 충남에서 9월30일 파종구가 가장 수량이 높았다. 또한 상관에서도 1차분지수, 1수협수, 결실비율과 수량 간에는 고도의 정상관이었다. 따라서 유엽 추묘춘식의 파종적기는 목포에서는 9월20일, 충남에서는 9월30일에 파종하는 것이 효과적이라고 사료된다.