• Title/Summary/Keyword: Seed Layer

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Heterostructure of Hydrothermally Grown ZnO Nanowires on the WOx Nanowhiskers; Synthesis and Characterization

  • Kim, Hui-Jin;Jeon, Seong-Ho;Lee, Mi-Gyeong;Lee, Jeong-Han;Yong, Gi-Jung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2011.08a
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    • pp.313-313
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    • 2011
  • 최근, 산화물 반도체를 통한 나노선 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 1차원 나노선은 넓은 표면적을 가지며 다양한 특성을 지녀 미래 nanodevice로의 중요한 building block 소자로의 활용이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 이종의 나노선을 합성하여 hierarchical nanojunction structure를 제작, 특성을 확인하였다. 이러한 구조는 나노선이 가지는 넓은 표면적의 특성과 동시에, multi-component fuctional nanodevice를 구현하는데에 적합한 구조이다. 본 연구는 텅스텐 기판 위에 고온의 열증착 방식을 이용하여 텅스텐 산화물 나노선을 제작시켜 그 위에 저온의 수열합성을 통한 산화아연 나노선을 제작한 후 향상된 field emission emitter로서의 특성을 살펴보았다. 합성된 텅스텐 산화물 나노선은 quasi-allign된 구조를 가지며, 이러한 구조 위에 ZnO를 스퍼터링하여 seed layer를 형성시키고, 암모니아수와 아연염을 이용한 수열합성법을 통하여 합성된 나노선 위에 nanobranch의 산화아연 나노선을 형성하였다. 이러한 성장특성은 SEM, TEM을 통하여 확인하였고 각각의 특성과 계면을 살펴보았다. 또한 이러한 구조를 이용하여 전계방출특성을 확인하였는데, 약 5.7 eV의 일함수를 갖는 텅스텐 산화물 나노선 위에 더 작은 값의 일함수를 갖는 산화아연 나노선을 합성하여 전계방출특성을 보았으며, 더 향상된 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 산화아연의 합성방법에 따른 전계방출 특성의 차이도 비교하였다.

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A stable solid state quantum dot sensitized solar cell with p-type CuSCN semiconductor and its dopping effect

  • Kim, Hui-Jin;Seol, Min-Su;Yong, Gi-Jung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2011.02a
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    • pp.378-378
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구에서는 ZnO 나노선 기판을 제작하여 그 위에 밴드갭이 낮은 물질인 CdS, CdSe를 증착시킨 후 p-type 반도체 물질인 CuSCN을 증착시켜 안정성이 향상된 양자점 감응형 태양전지를 제작하였다. ZnO 나노선 기판은 투명한 FTO 기판 위에 ZnO를 진공증착시켜 seed layer를 제작하고 그 위에 $10{\mu}m$정도의 길이의 나노와이어를 성장시킨 후, 밴드갭이 낮은 CdS, CdSe 물질과의 다중접합을 이용하여 제작하고, 이러한 나노선 구조위에 chemical solution deposition을 이용하여 ${\beta}$-CuSCN을 형성시켰다. 양자점 감응형 태양전지는 ZnO 나노선을 photoanode로 이용하고 ZnO 나노선은 암모니아수와 아연염을 이용한, 비교적 저온의 수열합성법을 통해 합성하였고, sensitizer로 쓰인 CdS, CdSe 물질은 CBD방식을 통하여 합성된 나노선 위에 in-situ로 접합시켰다. 또한, 기존의 액체전해질을 이용한 양자점 감응형 태양전지의 안정성을 향상시키기 위해 p-type의 반도체 물질인 CuSCN물질을 propyl sulfide를 이용, ${\sim}80^{\circ}C$의 열을 가하여 in-situ 방식으로 다공성 구조에 효율적으로 접합이 가능하도록 deposition하였다. 일반적으로, CuSCN film은 홀 전도체로서의 장점을 지닌 반면, 전도성이 낮은 단점이 있기 때문에 이를 향상시키기 위해서 첨가제를 이용, 농도에 따라서 전도도가 향상되고 셀의 성능이 향상되는 것을 확인하였다. 이와 같이 합성된 구조는 주사전자현미경(SEM), X-선 회절(XRD), 솔라시뮬레이터 등의 분석장비를 이용하여 태양전지로서의 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 안정성 평가를 위하여 시간에 따른 셀의 특성변화도 비교하였다.

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Studies on Structure of Pericarp in Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Fruit (인삼과실의 과피구조에 관한 연구)

  • Yu, Seong-Cheol;Jeong, Byeong-Gap;Kim, U-Gap
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.71-78
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    • 1989
  • The structural changes in the pericarp of Panax ginseng fruit cells are studied during maturation periods. The pericarp can be divided into exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp. The exocarp consists of one layer of epidermal cells which is covered by a thin cuticle and hypodermal cells. A central vacuole and peripheral cytoplasm are observed in the exocarp and mesocarp. Also, irregular wall arrangement are observed during the differentiation. The endocarp is clearly marked off from the others by secondaw wall thickening and lignification. Secretory materials produced by the Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicles appear to accumulated in the cell wall. These secretory materials are considered major components of the seed coat during the differentiation.

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Effect of Al Doping on the Properties of ZnO Nanorods Synthesized by Hydrothermal Growth for Gas Sensor Applications

  • Srivastava, Vibha;Babu, Eadi Sunil;Hong, Soon-Ku
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.30 no.8
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    • pp.399-405
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    • 2020
  • In the present investigation we show the effect of Al doping on the length, size, shape, morphology, and sensing property of ZnO nanorods. Effect of Al doping ultimately leads to tuning of electrical and optical properties of ZnO nanorods. Undoped and Al-doped well aligned ZnO nanorods are grown on sputtered ZnO/SiO2/Si (100) pre-grown seed layer substrates by hydrothermal method. The molar ratio of dopant (aluminium nitrate) in the solution, [Al/Zn], is varied from 0.1 % to 3 %. To extract structural and microstructural information we employ field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The prepared ZnO nanorods show preferred orientation of ZnO <0001> and are well aligned vertically. The effects of Al doping on the electrical and optical properties are observed by Hall measurement and photoluminescence spectroscopy, respectively, at room temperature. We observe that the diameter and resistivity of the nanorods reach their lowest levels, the carrier concentration becomes high, and emission peak tends to approach the band edge emission of ZnO around 0.5% of Al doping. Sensing behavior of the grown ZnO nanorod samples is tested for H2 gas. The 0.5 mol% Al-doped sample shows highest sensitivity values of ~ 60 % at 250 ℃ and ~ 50 % at 220 ℃.

Angle Sensors Based on Oblique Giant Magneto Impedance Devices

  • Kim, Do-Hun;Na, Ji-Won;Jeung, Won-Young
    • Journal of Magnetics
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.42-46
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    • 2009
  • The measurement of external magnetic field orientation using Giant Magneto Impedance (GMI) sensors has been performed. A soft magnetic alloy of $Co_{30}Fe_{34}Ni_{36}$ was electroplated on a Si wafer with a CoFeNi seed layer. V-shaped microwire patterns were formed using a conventional photolithography process. An external magnetic field was generated by a rectangular AlNiCo permanent magnet. The reference direction was defined as the external magnetic field direction oriented in the middle of 2 GMI devices. As the orientation of the magnetic field deviated from the reference direction, variation in the field component along each device introduced voltage changes. It was found that, by taking the voltage difference between the left and right arms of the Vshaped device, the nonlinearity of each device could be significantly reduced. The fabricated angle sensor had a linear range of approximately $70^{\circ}$ and an overall sensitivity of approximately 10 mV.

구리 박막의 증착 분위기와 처리 과정에 따른 변화

  • Lee, Do-Han;Byeon, Dong-Jin;Jin, Seong-Eon;Choe, Jong-Mun;Kim, Chang-Gyun;Jeong, Taek-Mo
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.23.2-23.2
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    • 2009
  • 기존에 사용되었던 알루미늄 배선 공정은 공정의 배선 크기가 줄어들면서 한계에 다다르고 있다. 따라서 이를 대체하기 위해 여러 가지 새로운 방법들이 고안되고 있으며, 그중 알루미늄을 비저항이 낮고 EM(electro-migration) 저항성이 뛰어난 구리로 대체하려는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 구리 배선은 이미 electroplating 공정을 이용해 산업에 적용되고 있으며, seed layer로는 sputtering 법을 이용하고 있다. 하지만 sputtering 을 포함한 PVD 법은 대부분 종횡비나 단차 피복도가 좋지 않기 때문에 이를 CVD로 교체한다면 많은 장점을 가질 수 있다. 하지만 CVD 공정을 진행하기 위해서는 많은 문제점들이 있는데, 이중 전구체에 대한 문제도 빼놓을 수 없는 이슈이다. Cu(dmamb)2 는 기존에 사용하던 $\beta$-diketonate 계열의 전구체보다 화학적으로 많은 장점을 가지고 있어, CVD 공정에 적합하다. 이에 따라 구리 박막 증착의 공정 조건을 설계하고, 고품질의 박막을 증착하기 위한 다양한 처리법을 고안하여 증착 실험을 진행하였다. 기본적으로 구리는 확산력이 좋아 실리콘계열의 기판에서 확산력이 매우 좋아 기판 내로 확산되기 때문에 이를 방지하기 위하여 Ta, Ti 계열의 박막을 사용하여 확산을 방지하고 있다. 따라서 전이 금속 박막의 표면과 증착 분위기 등을 고려하여 구리를 증착하였으며, 표면의 미세구조 및 성분을 FESEM 등을 통해 분석하였다.

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RF Integrated Electromagnetic-Noise Filters Incorporated with Nano-granular Co41Fe38AI13O8 Soft Magnetic Thin Films on Coplanar Transmission Line

  • Sohn, Jae-Cheon;Yamaguchi Masahiro;Lim, Sang-Ho;Han, Suk-Hee
    • Journal of Magnetics
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 2005
  • The RF integrated noise filters are fabricated by photolithography. The stack for the electromagnetic noise filters consists of the nano-granular ($Co_{41}Fe_{38}AI_{13}O_8$) soft magnetic film / $SiO_2$ / Cu transmission line / seed layer (Cu/Ti) / $SiO_2$-substrate. A good signal-attenuation feature along with a low signal-reflection feature is observed in the present filters. Especially in the noise filter incorporated with a $Co_{41}Fe_{38}AI_{13}O_8$ magnetic film with lateral dimensions of $2000{\mu}m$ wide, 15 mm long and $1{\mu}m$ thick, the maximum magnitude of signal attenuation reaches -55 dB, and the magnitude of signal reflection is below -10 dB in the overall frequency range. And this level of signal attenuation is much larger than that of a noise filter incorporated with a Fe magnetic film.

Effects of Catalysts on Properties of Sol-Gel Derived $PbTiO_3$ Thin Film ($PbTiO_3$ 졸-겔 박막의 특성에 미치는 촉매의 영향)

  • 김승현;김창은;정형진;오영제
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.33 no.7
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    • pp.793-801
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    • 1996
  • The effect of catalysts which was catalyzed by acid($HNO_3$) and base ($NH_4OH$) or not on the surface microst-ructures and consequent dielectric characteristics of the $PbTiO_3$ thin films prepared by sol-gel method were investigated. The result indicated that bse catalyst promoted the phase transformation of perovskite phase while acid catalyst was found to produce most uniform surface microstructure and improved dielectric properties However degradation of properties due to secondary phase formation and non-uniform microstructure at high annealing temperature (>75$0^{\circ}C$) by rapid diffusion of lead was unavoidable in any case as long as $Si_{(100)}$ \ $SiO_2$ \Pt substrate used.

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Pretreatment for Cu electroplating and Etching Property of Cu-Cr Film (Cu-Cr합금 박막의 구리 전기도금을 위한 전처리 및 에칭 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, N. S.;Kang, T.;Yun, I. P.;Park, Y. S.
    • Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.149-157
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    • 1993
  • In the study of TAB(Tape Automated Bonding)technologies, Cu-Cr sputtered seed layer has been used to improve the adhesion between Polyimide and Cu film and electrical properties. But the Cu electrodeposit on Cu-Cr film had poor adhesion or powder-like form due to the surface Cr oxides on the Cu-Cr film. By means of activating the Cu-Cr film with the oxalic acid and phosphoric acid, the Cu film with the improved adhesion could be coated on the Cu-Cr sputtered film in CuSO4 solution. The etching rate was compared with increasing the Cr content of the sputtered Cu-Cr film, and anodic polarization curve in FeCl3 solution was investigated. With increasing the Cr content, the etching rate was reduced. The clean etching cross section could be obtained with increasing the concentration of FeCl3 solution. But above the 13 w/o Cr content, Cu-Cr sputtered film could not bed etched cleanly only with FeCl3 solution and additives were needed.

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Pyroelectric Properties on the Orientation of SBN Thin Film (SBN 박막의 배향도에 따른 초전특성 변화)

  • Lee, Chae-Jong;Lee, Hee-Young;Kim, Jeong-Joo;Cho, Sang-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2006.06a
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    • pp.366-367
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    • 2006
  • Different orientated SBN thin films were deposited by Ion Beam Sputtering, and electric properties were measured on each orientation. Ferroelectric $Sr_xBa_{1-x}Nb_2O_6$(SBN) has excellent electro-optic, photo-refractive, piezoelectric, pyroelectric properties. SBN thin film has been deposited by various method, of sol-gel, PLD, CVD, sputtering, etc.. To avoid lead pollution of Pb-system perovskite ferroelectric materials. SBN thin films were fabricated for pyroelectric IR sensor. Using the ceramic target of the same composition and Pt(100)/$TiO_2/SiO-2$/Si(100) substrate, crystallization and orientation behavior as well as electric properties of the films were examined. Seed layer and thin films thickness was controlled to observe the effect on preferred orientation. We measured I-V, C-V, P-E hysteresis to characterize electric-properties on each orientations.

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