• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.133-140
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• 2016

Thermoelectric generator, which is known as using Seebeck effect, have been widely applied in many industrial parts, for instance, from submarine to equipments capable of producing hot or cooling water. Its usefulness was verified in terms of producing electric power using temperature difference and vice versa. Application on thermoelectric generator has been mainly forced on exhaust gas of automotive engine so far. In this study, the possibility was investigated whether electric power could be produced by using cooling water in automotive engine. As the result, it showed that electric power had differences depending on shapes of power auxiliary apparatus and, in this experiment, maximum of electric power was 1.5 voltage.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2019

Solar hot water system produces hot water using solar energy. If it is not used effectively, overheating occurs during the summer. Therefore, a lot of research is being done to solve this. This study develops thermoelectric power module applicable to solar hot water system. A thermoelectric material can directly convert thermal energy into electrical energy without additional power generation devices. If there is a temperature difference between high and low temperature, it generate power by Seebeck effect. The thermoelectric module generates electricity using temperature differences through the heat exchange of hot and cold water. The water used for cooling is heated and stored as hot water as it passes through the module. It can prevent overheating of Solar hot water system while producing power. The thermoelectric module consists of one absorption and two radiation part. There path is designed in the form of a water jacket. As a result, a temperature of the absorption part was $134.2^{\circ}C$ and the radiation part was $48.6^{\circ}C$. The temperature difference between the absorption and radiation was $85.6^{\circ}C$. Also, The Thermoelectric module produced about 122 W of irradiation at $708W/m^2$. At this time, power generation efficiency was 2.62% and hot water conversion efficiency was 62.46%.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1996

This paper has presented the characteristics of thermoelectric devices and the plots of thermoelectric cooling and heating as a function of currents for different temperatures. The maximum cooling and heating(.DELTA.T) for (BiSb)$\_$2/Te$\_$3/ and Bi$\_$2/(TeSe)$\_$3/ as a function of currents is about 75.deg. C, A solderable ceramic insulated thermoelectric module. Each module contains 31 thermoelectric devices. Thermoelectric material is a quaternary alloy of bismuth, tellurium, selenium, and antimony with small amounts of suitable dopants, carefully processed to produce an oriented polycrystalline ingot with superior anisotropic thermoelectric properties. Metallized ceramic plates afford maximum electrical insulation and thermal conduction. Operating temperature range is from -156.deg. C to +104.deg. C. The amount of Peltier cooling is directly proportional to the current through the sample, and the temperature gradient at the thermoelectric materials junctions will depend on the system geometry.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.596-601
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• 2020

Silicon carbide is considered a potentially useful material for high-temperature electronic devices because of its large band gap energy and p-type or n-type conduction that can be controlled by impurity doping. Accordingly, the thermoelectric properties of -SiC powder prepared by refined diatomite were investigated for high value-added applications of natural diatomite. -SiC powder was synthesized by a carbothermal reduction of the SiO₂ in refined diatomite using carbon black. An acid-treatment process was then performed to eliminate the remaining impurities (Fe, Ca, etc.). n-Type semiconductors were fabricated by sintering the pressed powder at 2000℃ for 1~5h in an N2 atmosphere. The electrical conductivity increased with increasing sintering time, which might be due to an increase in carrier concentration and improvement in grain-to-grain connectivity. The carrier compensation effect caused by the remaining acceptor impurities (Al, etc.) in the obtained -SiC had a deleterious influence on the electrical conductivity. The absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient increased with increasing sintering time, which might be due to a decrease in the stacking fault density accompanied by grain or crystallite growth. On the other hand, the power factor, which reflects the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the present work, was slightly lower than that of the porous SiC semiconductors fabricated by conventional high-purity -SiC powder, it can be stated that the thermoelectric properties could be improved further by precise control of an acid-treatment process.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.215-221
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• 2005

Thermoelectric bismuth telluride thin films were prepared on $SiO_{2}$/Si substrate with co-sputtering of bismuth and tellurium targets. The effects of deposition temperature on surface morphology, crystallinity and electrical transport properties were investigated. Hexagonal crystallites were clearly visible at the surface of films deposited above $290 ^{\circ}C$. Change of dominant phase from rhombohedral $Bi_2Te_3$ to hexagonal BiTe was confirmed with X-ray diffraction analysis. The deviation from stoichiometric composition at high deposition temperature resulted in the change of structural and electrical characteristics. Seebeck coefficients of all samples have negative value, indicating the prepared $Bi_XTe_Y$ films are n-type thermoelectric. Optimum of Seebeck coefficient and power factor were obtained at the deposition temperature of $225 \^{circ}$C (about -55 $\mu$V/K and $3\times10^{-4}$ W/$k^{2}$m, respectively). Deterioration of thermoelectric properties at higher temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.711-712
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• 2009

MCP 기술을 이용한 반도체 칩에서 문제가 되는 방열문제를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 열전 냉각 소자를 이용하여 열을 방출 시키는 방법에 관하여 연구를 수행하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 열전 소자가 작동할 때, 흡수하는 열량을 계산할 수 있었으며, 열전 소자의 냉각 성능도 평가 할 수 있었다. 이러한 열 해석 및 열전 해석을 통하여 적층 구조의 MCP 모듈을 위한 열 설계 및 효율적 냉각을 가능하게 할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.62-97
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• 2000

Recently the research for utilization of waste heat produced from electric power plants, casting factories, heat treating factories or commercial are being afforded by the need for energy saving. The objective of this study is to develop a thermoelectric generation system which unused energy from close-at-hand sources such as garbage incineration heat and industrial exhaust etc. into electricity. This paper a thermoelectric technology on a optimum system design method and efficiency and cost effective thermoelectric element on order to extract the maximum power output from energy conversion of waste energy. It is shown that the longitudinal stresses of module contacted with two point constrained Al tubes could be released more than those with a one-point constrained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.448-451
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to manufacture and test a thermoelectric generator which converts unused energy from close-at-hand sources, such as garbage incineration heat and industrial exhaust, to electricity. A manufacturing process and the properties of a thermoelectric generator are discussed before simulating the thermal stress and thermal properties of a thermoelectric module located between an aluminum tube and alumina plate. We can design the thermoelectric modules having the good properties of thermoelectric generation. Resistivity of thermoelectric module for thermoelectric generation consisting of 62 cells was 0.15-0.4$\Omega$ Developed thermoelectric modules can be expected th have better properties than thermoelectric cooling modules above $70^{\circ}C$ in temperature difference between hot and cold ends.

• Vacuum Magazine
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.21-24
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• 2014

Thermolectric devices could convert temperature gradient into electricity (Seebeck effect) and electric power into temperature gradient across the themoelectric element (Peltier effect). $Bi_2Te_3$ has been widely used as thermoelectric material for more than 40 years, due to the superior thermoelctric characteristics. However, Bi and Te materials are predicted to face supply shortage, giving strong necessity for the development of new thermoelctric materials. Based on the theoretical prediction, nanostructure are expected to give dramatic enhnacement of thermoelectirc characteristics by controlling phonon propagation. Thus, silicon, which had been considered as improper material for thermoelectricity, is now being considered as strong cadidate material for thermoelectricity. This review will focus on the nanotechnology applied research activities in silicon as thermoelectric materials.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.6-15
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• 1997

This paper presents the multi-objective optimal design of thermopile sensor having beam or membrane structure. The thermopile sensor is composed of $Si_{3}N_{4}/SiO_{2}$ dielectric membrane, Al-polysilicon thermocouples and $RuO_{2}$ thin film for black body. The sensing method is based on the Seebeck effect which is originated from the temperature difference of the two positions, black body and silicon rim. The objective functions of the presented design are sensitivity, detectivity and thermal time constant. The modelling of the sensor is proposed including the package. The multi-objective optimization technique is applied to the design of the sensor not only inspecting the modelling equation but also simulating mathematical programming method. Especially, fuzzy optimization technique is adapted to get the optimal solution which enables the designer to reach the more practical solution. The design constraint of the voltage output originated from the change of the environmental temperature is included for practical use.