• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.54-64
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the cliche for English-Korean interpretation and translation with special reference to the cliche based on the Holy Bible texts. Cliches are figurative or literal expressions and are overused expressions in various different cultures. In addition, cliches are languages, a tool of communication in an appealing way. Therefore, cliches are must be clearly distinguished from the term of idioms that are figurative phrases with an implied meaning; the phrase is not to be taken literally. Also, cliches are the single most important factor that characterizes socioculturally. Through this empirical analysis on cliches we see that this study has conceptualized the meaning of cliche. Based on this result, I expect that anyone who researches English-Korean interpretation and translation field should be concerned about cliches. I hope this study will be a guide to the right uses of cliches in English language fields.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.52-61
• /
• 2006

Background : The promotion and advertisement of pharmaceuticals should be based on evidence from clinical trials. We conducted this study to assess whether the pharmaceutical advertisement claims in Korean medical journals had relevant references, and whether the claims were supported by the references. Methods : We reviewed pharmaceutical advertisements in five Korean medical journals issued during the first half of 1999 and during the first half of 2004. Three investigators independently reviewed the advertisements to see whether the studies quoted to endorse the advertising messages supported the corresponding claims. Using multiple logistic regression analyses, we investigated which factors were associated with the quality of the advertisement claims. Results : From the 550 advertisements in the five journals, we identified 157 different advertisements and 475 different promotional claims. Only 149 claims had at least one reference, and 105 claims had references of published article. We could find supporting evidences in the 90 claims. The factors which were associated with the quality of advertisement claims were category of drugs, category of claims, and the manufacturer characteristics. Claims for cardiovascular and endocrine drugs, and claims on efficacy, and claims of multinational company were more evidence-based. Conclusion : Majority of the pharmaceutical advertisement claims in Korea did not have appropriate references. Drug category, claim category, and the manufacturer characteristics were associated with the quality of advertisement claims, and the manufacturer characteristics was the most important determinants.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.84-94
• /
• 2012

The year 2011 witnessed interactive communication media and digital instrument experience a substantial growth in popularity within developed nations as well as developing nations in part due to the ongoing development of internet and information technology. The development of interactive media and technology have contributed to the increased progress of not only digital contents but also to the development of diverse interactive arts. This study will demonstrate how the direction of interactive media moving images through interactive media by utilizing the use of interactive art directing modules which will aid by expressing the theme and the directing concept of the art. To aid in the understanding of interaction directing module, two examples of art works are used as samples cases - "Room Two"(Mixing Lab in a museum; Interactive media art & Experimental mixing, Seoul Art Center, 2006) and a RPG(Role-playing game) style Game. Through these cases, this study intends to enhance the yet insufficient reference for interactive media art and assist artists attempting interactive media moving images through interactive media.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2020

The trend of water vapor contents in atmosphere is one of key elements for studying climate change. The tropospheric products, i.e., ZTD values achieved through GPS data processing can retrieve the amount of water vapor with higher temporal and spatial resolution than any other instruments. In this study, the tropospheric products of KASINET for a time period from 2001 to 2014 are reprocessed using PPP strategy and the products from the CODE's 2nd reprocessing campaign. For consistency with reprocessing activities of other networks like EPN, the VMF1 mapping function and non-tidal loading effect due to atmospheric pressure are applied in the process. The reprocessing results are investigated through comparing with the CODE's 2nd reprocessing products by including some IGS stations in the process and also calculating weekly coordinate repeatability to see the quality of the processing. After removing outliers based on the variation of averaged formal error, all processed stations have similar variations of formal error about 2 mm which is lower than that of the IGS final product. Comparison results with the CODE's 2nd reprocessing products show that the overall mean difference is found to be -0.28±5.54 mm which is similar level of the previous studies. Finally, the ZTD trends of all KASINET stations are calculated and the averaged trend is achieved as 0.19 mm/yr. However, the trend of each month shows different amounts and directions from -1.26 mm/yr in May to 1.18 mm/yr in August. In conclusion, the reprocessed tropospheric product and applied strategy of this study has enough quality as one of reliable solution for a reference product for Korean Peninsula which is needed to use GPSbased tropospheric product for climate change research.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.66-84
• /
• 2003

Objectve : Recent stuides suggested that there is a strong correlation between acupuncture stimulation and its cortical activation. Another study showed that either positive or negative BOLD effects could be observed depending on anatomical structure in acupuncture. Methods : 1) Subjects and paradigms: Two separate stimulation paradigms were performed in this study. To see the effects of electro-acupuncture stimulation on K7(Fuliu), the experiment was carried out on six healthy volunteers, using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body MRI system(ISOL). After the needle insertion on right K7(Fuliu), 2 Hz of electric stimulation was given for 30 seconds, repeated five times, with 30 seconds' intervals. During the intervals while there was no electro-stimulation, the subjects performed motor task as a reference. The image analysis including motion correction, talairach transformation, and smoothing was done using SPM99. Results: The electro-acupuncture stimulation on K7(Fuliu) activated Brodmann's Areas of 9, 19, 23, 24, 31, 32, 39 which may be the central pathways of the electro-acupuncture stimulation on K7(Fuliu) and those brain areas may be related with the function of the electro-acupuncture stimulation on K7(Fuliu).

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.223-228
• /
• 2018

In this paper the water sensor using a coaxial cavity resonator is designed and manufactured. The water sensor which can sense water drop linearly has been constructed with voltage controlled oscillator(VCO), coaxial cavity resonator, RF switch, RF detector, A/D converter, DAC and micro controller. The operating frequency range of the designed water sensor is from 2.5GHz to 3.2GHz and the input voltage and current source are 24[V/DC] and 1[A]. The designed sensor circuit includes VCO, RF switch, RF detector which varies the frequency characteristics of the devices in the high frequency of 3GHz. And so we should correct the error of the frequency characteristics of those devices in the sensor circuit. To do this, we make the reference path which switches the signals to the RF detector directly without sending it to the resonator. According to the result of simulation and measurement, we can see that there is 0-50MHz difference between simulated resonator frequency and manufactured resonator frequency.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to provide guidance to plan clothing design with an analysis of design property of famous overseas brands. For this purpose, the prt-a-porter fashion collection from 2001 S/S to 2005 F/W is divided into the following sectors: brands, years, and seasons, focusing on the design elements, with regards to the design property of clothing. The reference for the actual study was 1055 pictures of clothing that were collected of collections of famous overseas brand. The results of this study are as follows. With regard to the character of the clothing design classified by brand, the design property was embossed with all design elements. Therefore, we can use design elements to express design property, like clothing design of famous overseas brands. With regard to the changes of clothing design year by year, it was changed with almost all of the design elements. Therefore, it is noted that clothing design do well to reflect the fashion trends of the year with almost all design elements. With regard to design properties of seasonal clothing, clothing design properties which are popular in the S/S season are slim silhouette, see-thru material, brilliant material, abstraction pattern, and so on. On the other hand, clothing design properties which are popular in the F/W season are wide silhouette, hard material, complex material, complex pattern, inorganic decoration and so on. Therefore, it is noted that clothing design do well to reflect the seasonal trends.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 2016

An autonomous car(driverless car, self-driving car, robotic car) is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input. Autonomous cars can detect surroundings using a variety of techniques such as radar, lidar, GPS, odometry, and computer vision. Advanced control systems interpret sensory information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well as obstacles and relevant signage. Autonomous cars have control systems that are capable of analyzing sensory data to distinguish between different cars on the road, which is very useful in planning a path to the desired destination. An issue tree, also called a logic tree, is a graphical breakdown of a question that dissects it into its different components vertically and that progresses into details as it reads to the right.Issue trees are useful in problem solving to identify the root causes of a problem as well as to identify its potential solutions. They also provide a reference point to see how each piece fits into the whole picture of a problem. Using Issue-Tree menthods, transportation safety policies were developed with autonompus vehicle in mind.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.80-88
• /
• 1996

The aim of the present investigation was to see the effect of combined use of PDGF BB and IGF -1 on the guided tissue regeneration(GTR) using barrier membrane in the treatment of human furcation involvement. Twelve patients with initially diagnosed as having moderate to advanced adult periodontitis with mandibular class II buccal furcation defects have been wer selected. Initial scaling and root planing has been performed and baseline data consisting of probing depths and attachment levels have been recorded prior to surgical procedures. The GTR procedures using either barrier membrane(control : ePTFE) alone or together with the application of PDGF - BB and IGF -l(experimental : ePTFE+PDGF/IGF) have been done under the routine guidelines. During the surgery, the distance from CEJ either to the bottom of the bone defects(CEJ - BD) or to the bone crest(CEJ-BC) were measured. Horizontal distance to the deepest area in the furcal defects were measured from the reference line connection the most prominent bony walls of the two buccal roots. 6 months following the GTR therapy, all the measurements were made repeatedly. The probing attachment gain of the experimental and the control grous were 2.14mm and l.07mm, respectively with no statically significnant difference. Amont of vertical bone fill in the experimental and the control groups were 2.43mm and 2.29mm, rexpectively. Amonut of horizontal bone fill were 2.86mm in the experimental group and 2.17mm in the control group, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the amount of bone fill(both vertical and horizontal)between the two groups.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.132-140
• /
• 2020

Purpose: To retrospectively determine whether specialized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reading performed by an experienced radiologist affected the successful assessment of extraprostatic extension (EPE) in the presence of biopsy-related hemorrhage after prostate biopsy. Materials and Methods: Two hundred consecutive patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer underwent MRI. General radiologist and subspecialized radiologist readings were unpaired and reviewed in random order by a radiologist who was blinded to patients' clinical details and histopathologic data. The extent of hemorrhage was assessed on T1-weighted (T1W) MRI using a 1-4 scale, and the likelihood of EPE was assessed for each of the four categories. Histopathologic specimens served as the reference standard. The area under the curve (AUC) of the standard reading was compared to that of the specialized reading. Results: Post-biopsy hemorrhage was subjectively graded as ≥ 3 in 101 patients (50.5%) by standard reading, and in 100 patients (50.0%) by specialized reading. The standard and specialized readings disagreed for 40 (20.7%) of the patients (kappa [κ] = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.48). Of these, specialized reading was the correct interpretation for 21 patients (52.5%). The sensitivity (75% vs. 44%; P = 0.002) and area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) (0.83 vs. 0.67; P = 0.008) of the specialized readings were significantly higher than those of the standard readings, while there was no significant difference in specificity (84% vs. 87%; P = 0.434). Conclusion: The reinterpretation of MRI by experienced radiologists significantly improves the diagnosis of EPE in prostate cancer in the presence of post-biopsy hemorrhage.