• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2008

The differences of several kinds of physiological responses between Commelina communis (C$_3$ plant) and Sedum sarmentosum (CAM plant: Crassulacean Acid metabolism) when both plants were exposed to water stress for 3 weeks were investigated. In case of Commelina it was shown a clear loss of water to 12% in three weeks, but no changes were observed in Sedum. Total chlorophyll content was also reduced to 57% in Commelina but not clear changes of chlorophyll content in Sedum. were observed for three weeks. In chlorophyll fluorescence experiments Fv/Fm ratios were reduced to 19% in Commelina, but no changes were observed in Sedum. There were very sensitive responses according to the different KCl concentrations and the stomatal aperture of epidermal strips was 12.8 ${\mu}m$ at 200 mM KCl in Commelina, but less than 3 ${\mu}m$ was observed at the same KCl concentration in Sedum. In addition, there were no chloroplasts in guard cells of Sedum, but most plants had chloroplasts including Commelina. From the above results, the ability of water stress resistance in Sedum. could be come from slow physiological metabolism including growth and less loss of water through unique stomatal characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1993

This studies were conducted to investigate on the shade adaptation of native Sedum kamchaticum and Disporum smilacinum. All plants were grow under the controlled light intensity conditions, which controlled by two shading materials, white and/or black shading net. The results obtained were as follow. 1. Daily changes of the shading area around of the building were various by building height, width and direction. 2. Upper canopy was composed to Pinus densiflora as dominant species in native sites of Disporum species. 3. Many branches of Disporum smilacinum were sprouted after pinching. However their growth were less elongated shorter than those of Disporum viridescens. 4. Sedum sarmentosum was poor growth under the low relative light intensity as 50%, however, the growth of this species closely was similiar as under the full sun condition.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.478-484
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the plant growth and ion absorbance balance of various native plants affected by the NaCl concentration (0, 100, 200, 300 mM). Carex blepharicarpa, Carex lenta, Carex matsumarae, Carex sendaica, Iris pseudacorus L., Sedum oryzifolium Makino, Sedum polytrichoides Hemsl., and Typha angustifolia L. were used in this experiment. Carex blepharicarpa, Carex lenta, Carex matsumarae, and Iris pseudacorus L. were tolerant of salinity at the NaCl concentration of 200 mM. The root growth of Carex sendaica and Typha angustifolia L. was suppressed at the NaCl concentration of 100 mM, expecially the root growth responded more sensitively than the upper growth to salinity. The K absorbance of Carex sendaica decreased according to the NaCl application, and the Na/K rate value was 3 at the NaCl concentration of 300 mM. The K, Ca, and Mg absorbance of Typha angustifolia L. decreased at the NaCl concentration of 200~300 mM, and the Na/K rate value was 0.8 at the NaCl concentration of 300 mM. The plant growth of Sedum oryzifolium Makino and Sedum polytrichoides Hemsl. was suppressed at the NaCl concentration of 100~200 mM. The K, Ca, and Mg absorbance of Sedum oryzifolium Makino decreased at the NaCl concentration of 200~300 mM, and Sedum polytrichoides Hemsl. was unaffected by the NaCl application. The Na/K value was 1 in both plants. Therefore, Carex blepharicarpa, Carex lenta, Carex matsumarae, and Iris pseudacorus L. were tolerant plants of salinity at the NaCl concentration of 200 mM considering the plant growth and ion absorbance balance. Especially, the Carex plants were expected to expanding use by the proven tolerance of salinity. The root growth of Carex sendaica, Sedum oryzifolium Makino, Sedum polytrichoides Hemsl., and Typha angustifolia L., was suppressed at the NaCl concentration of 100 mM, but there was no distinct tendency of ion absorbance in leaves according to the NaCl application.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.341-350
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• 2005

To assess the antioxidative activity of 12 medicinal plants on lipid peroxidation, twelves traditional medicinal plants extracted with 95% methanol were investigated the antioxidative activity using DPPH, thiocyanate acid method, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods. Out of 12 medicinal plants extracted with methanol, the extraction yields of Sedum kamtschaticum was the highest values (49.46%) among them and Geranicum sibiricum, Saururus chinensis root (R), Agrimonia pilosa leaf (L), Agrimonia pilosa root was the lowest value (9.97%). Radical scavenging effect of the selected traditional medicinal plants extracted from different extract solution were examined by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method. Antioxidative activity of methanolic extracts was higher than those of ethanol and n-hexane extracts. Scavenging effects in Sedum kamtaschaticum (R) determined by DPPH radical showed the highest among the 12 plants. The antioxidative effects of the first four medicinal plants were similar to those of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), but higher than that of tocopherol, which was used as a handled control. Antioxidative effects of each indicated concentration of the methanolic extracts on linoleic acid by thiocyanate method was the highest in Sedum kamtschaticum and followed by Geum japonicum and Agrimonia pilosa and their antioxidative effect were similar to those of BHA, and BHT, but higher than that of tocopherol. Antioxidative effects of the selected medicinal methanolic extract on linoleic acid by thiocyanate acid method were examined for 15 days. Peroxidation of control and tocopherol group occurred on days 5 and 9, respectively, but BHA, BHT, selected medicinal methanolic extract group did not occur until on day 15. Antioxidative effects of the selected medicinal methanolic extract on linoleic acid by TBA method were examined for 15 days. Antioxidative activity was similar to those obtained by thiocyanate acid method.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.96-96
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• 2019

Sedum kamchaticum, Sedum middendorffianum and Sedum takesimense belong to the sebum species. Especially, Sedum takesimense is a Korean native species growing only on Ullenung-do. Few studies for the biological activities of these plants have been reported. In this study, we examined biological activity and the contents of functional components of the aerial part and the root part of Sedum kamchaticum, Sedum middendorffianum and Sedum takesimense. As the results, the roots of Sedum takesimense showed the highest total phenolic contents (TPC : $13040{\pm}50.0mg\;GAE{\cdot}100g^{-1}$), and the aerial part of Sedum takesimens showed the highest total flavonoid contents (TFC : $2722.2{\pm}107.1mg\;CAE{\cdot}100g^{-1}$). Meanwhile, Sedum middendorffianum exhibited the highest anti-oxidant activity (DPPH $RC_{50}$ value of aerial part : $50.69{\pm}0.75{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, DPPH $RC_{50}$ value of root part : $27.27{\pm}0.55{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$; ABTS $RC_{50}$ value of aerial part : $11.32{\pm}0.38{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, ABTS $RC_{50}$ value of roots part $5.54{\pm}0.02{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). The root part of Sedum middendorffianum showed the potent alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity (AGI $IC_{50}$ : $60.69{\pm}0.72{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). In order to elucidate active principle of Sedum middendorffianum that was shown the most potent antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities, the methanol extract of Sedum middendorffianum was fractionated with various solvents according to the polarity successively. As a result, EtOAc fraction of Sedum middendorffianum showed the highest contents of functional components (TPC : $16245.8{\pm}1025.7mg\;GAE{\cdot}100g^{-1}$, TFC : $4850.4{\pm}182.9mg\;CAE{\cdot}100g^{-1}$). And it also showed excellent anti-oxidant activities (DPPH $RC_{50}$ : $14.0{\pm}0.6{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, ABTS $RC_{50}$ : $3.4{\pm}0.1{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and anti-diabetic activity (AGI $IC_{50}$ : $79.0{\pm}2.2{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). Above results suggest that Sedum middendorffianum can be developed to health functional material as a plant resource with potent antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.62-73
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• 2008

This paper was conducted to acquire the scientific data for the waste landfill greening. The native plant flora was investigated in waste landfill at Nanjido. As a result, total 40 species, 22 families, 32 genus were classified. The dominant species were Robinia pseudoacacia (15%), Populus euramericana (3%), and Populus monilifera (1%), ect. Naive plant of 6 species (Zoysia japonica, Aster koraiensis, Liriope platyphylla, Hemerocallis fulva, Sedum kantschaticum, Indigofera pseudotinctoria) were planted in waste landfill in one species per 1 $m^2$ for greening purpose. After One year planting, the ornamental optimum value was showed in Zoysia japonica, Aster koraiensis, Hemerocallis fulva, Hemerocallis fulva, Sedum kantschaticum. The covering rate after nine months planting was 85% and 80% for Zoysia japonica and Hemerocallis fulva, respectively. While Aster koraiensis(a) 13 %, Liriope platyphylla 8 % and Sedum kantschaticum appeared 22 % were obtained. Aster koraiensis (a) has highest height and Sedum kantschaticum was the shortest plant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.15-23
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• 2021

This study was carried out to suggest an appropriate plant combination by evaluating the growth of flowering ground-cover plants planted with Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' on the roof-top environment. As for the plant materials, Allium senescens and Chrysanthemum coreanum which are shorter than Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' and Sedum takesimense and Agastache rugosa which are taller than Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' were selected. Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' was planted on Conrol, and Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' with Allium senescens (T1), Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' with Sedum takesimense (T2), Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' with Agastache rugosa(T3), and Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' with Chrysanthemum coreanum (T4) were planted in each experimental plot. Plant height and covering rate were measured to evaluate the growth of Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue'. Also, relative growth rate (RGR) of plant height, RGR of plant width, and mortality rate of the flowering ground-cover plants were estimated. Plant height and cover rate of Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' was greatest in T3. RGR of plant height was greater in the order of Agastache rugosa, Allium senescens, Chrysanthemum coreanum, and Sedum takesimense. In particular, RGR of plant width was also greatest for Agastache rugosa. Mortality rates of Agastache rugosa and Allium senescens were lowest at 11%. Therefore, based on good growth of Festuca glauca 'Eljiah Blue' planted with Agastache rugosa, these results were suggested as a desirable combination of plant species for rooftop gardening.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 1977

During the period of 1975-76, a survey was carried out to find out zinc indicators in the natural vegetation in Korea. The symptoms fo chlorosis were observed in flowering plants in the areas of zinc outcrop of Wolgok-A, Seokgok-9, and Sowolgok. Although 28 species were found to be chlorotic, the total quantity of chlorotic foliage observed was small. Reasons for chlorosis in the areas of zinc are deposits is considered as effects of zinc, lead, copper and calcium ions. Sedum sp. and Dianthus sinensis were confined to soil containing more than exchangeable zinc of 30 ppm and to accumulation in the plants contained at least 1,300-14,000 ppm of zinc. Therefore Sedum sp. and Dianthus sinensis might be used as zinc indicators in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.197-205
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• 2020

With the purpose of designing companion planting of groundcover plants for ornamental uses, this study identified the yearly growth characteristics of nine species of different life forms, analyzed the coverage characteristics of individual plants, and suggested combinations of plants suitable for each life form. Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum, Liriope platyphylla and Hosta capitata, as short-grained plants that can grow to more than 20 cm, tended to grow for 60 days after planting in April and maintain their shape thereafter. Their aerial parts started to wither and enter dormancy after September. Saxifraga stolonifera, Dianthus chinensis and Sedum middendorffianum tended to continuously grow until September after planting in April and their growth declined after September. Lysimachia nummularia, as a creeping plant that grows creeping on the ground, started to show a rapid growth three months after planting. Sedum sarmentosum grew slowly until August and the aerial parts started to wither from September when the temperature decreases. The coverage characteristics of these nine species that grow differently after companion planting were surveyed and the growth of Sedum sarmentosum showed the highest number of companions. It was found that Hosta capitata can be companion planted with Sedum middendorffianum, Saxifraga stolonifera, and Lysimachia nummularia. These results indicate that among different shoot growth types species propagated with their stems creeping on the ground or those that can grow vegetatively with non-rhizome parts are more suitable for companion planting with others than those of which rhizomes branch.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.53-67
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• 2011

The major objective of this study was to quantify the effects of substrate depth and substrate composition on the development of sedum etc., in a sloped rooftop (6 : 12 pitch) environment during a 4-year period. The experiment was conducted from 2006 October to 2010 December under several conditions without soil erosion control : two substrate depth (5cm, 10cm), four substrate composition (A5N3C2, A3N3C4, A6C4, G5L3C2: A: artificial lightweight soil, N : natural soil, G : granite decomposed soil, C : leave composite, L : loess), four sloped roof direction ($E40^{\circ}W$, $W40^{\circ}N$, $S40^{\circ}W$, $N40^{\circ}E$). In this experiment 4 sedum etc., were used: Sedum sarmentosum, Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum rupestre, Sedum telephium, flowering herbs (mixed seed : Taraxacum platycarpum, Lotus corniculatus, Aster yomena, Aster koraiensis), western grasses (mixed seed : Tall fescue, Creeping redfescue, Bermuda grass, Perennial ryegrass). The establishment factor had two levels : succulent shoot establishment (sedum), seeding (flowering herbs, western grasses). 1. Enkamat, as it bring about top soil exfoliation, was unsuitable material for soil erosion control. 2. Sedum species exhibited greater growth at a substrate depth of 10cm relative to 5cm. All flowering herbs and western grasses established only at a substrate depth of 5cm were died. A substrate depth of 5cm was not suited in sloped rooftop greening without maintenance. If additional soil erosion control will be supplemented, a substrate depth of 10cm in sloped rooftop greening without maintenance was considered suitable. 3. For all substrate depth and composition, the most abundant species was Sedum kamtschaticum. The percentage of surviving Sedum kamtschaticum was 73.4% at a substrate depth of 10cm in autumn 2007 one year after the roof vegetation had been established. But the percentage of surviving other sedum were 33.3%~51.9%, therefor mulching for soil erosion control was essential after rooftop establishment in extensive sloped roof greening was proved. To raise the ratio of plant survival, complete establishment of plant root at substrate was considered essential before rooftop establishment. 4. There was a significant interaction between biomass and substrate moisture content. There were also a significant difference of substrate moisture and erosion among substrate composition. The moisture content of A6C4 was highest, the resistance to erosion of A5N3C2 was highest among substrate composition. The biomass of plants were not significantly higher in A5N3C2 and A6C4 relative to A3N3C4 and G5L3C2, For substrate moisture and erosion resistance, A5N3C2 and A6C4 were considered suitable in sloped rooftop greening without maintenance. 5. There were significant difference among roof slope direction on the substrate moisture. Especially, the substrate moisture content of $S40^{\circ}W$ was lower relative to that of $N40^{\circ}E$, that guessed by solar radiation and erosion.