• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2000

Large quantitive of polllutants are washed into reservoirs during storm events. These polllutants contribute to eutrophication, such as algal blooms and fish kills. This study was conducted for the purpose of assessing the pollutant removal possibilities of sedimentation pool formed by deep dredging of a reservoir inlet. Water quality data were collected in the Masan reservoir, whose inlet has been dredged deep like sedimentation pool. The average concentration of chemical oxygen demand(COD) , toatal nitrogen(T-N) and total phosphrous(T-P) in the deep dredged area were 8.7 ~20.5mg/ι (T-N), 0.17~0.84mg/ι(T-P), which were 4.9%(COD), 29.0%(T-N) and 44.8%(T-P) higher than those of middle part of the reservior. The texture of sediment in the dredged area was silty loam, while that of the middle part was sandy clay loam. Organic matter contents, T-N and T-P of the bottom soil in the dredge area showed higher values than the middle part of the reservoirs. From these results, it was considered thedeep dredged area in the inlet of reservoir might play a key role to settle pollutant particulate. Based on the result of water quality analysis, deep dredging of the reservoir inlet could be assessed to reduce T-N and T-P of the reservoir about 6.5% , 8.3%, respectively. However, the effect of the sedimentation pool would be raised if the settled particles were taken into account in assessing water quality improvement for the reservoir. Accordingly, dredging of a reservoir inlet to make a shape of sedimentation pool is recommended for water quality improvement of reservoir in the stage of dredging plan.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2009

본 연구는 해양유래의 특이색소미생물을 선발하여 미생물의 특성 및 이차대사산물의 생리활성 탐색을 통해 새로운 생물자원개발을 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구에 사용된 prodigiosin 유사 색소를 생산하는 균주 JE-34는 동중국해 퇴적층으로부터 분리되었으며 Zooshikella sp. JE-34으로 명명하였다. Zooshikella sp. JE-34는 적색색소를 다량 생산하였으며 대표적인 prodigiosin 생산균주인 Serratia marcscens의 색소추출액과 분광학적 특성 및 HPLC 분석을 통해 JE-34가 생산하는 색소가 prodigiosin 유사색소로 판단되었다. JE-34 균주의 배지조성에 따른 생육도 및 pigment 생합성의 변화를 알아보기 위해 탄소원, 질소원, 무기염류를 첨가하며 배양한 결과 탄소원으로는 soluble starch, 질 소원으로는 malt extract, 무기염류로는 $Na_2HPO_4$에서 최적의 pigment를 생산하였다. Zooshikella sp. JE-34는 prodigiosin의 생합성에 있어 대표적인 생산자인 Serratia marcscens와 마찬가지로 우수한 pigment 생합성량을 보여 prodigiosin의 생합성의 생물자원으로서 의의가 있다고 사료된다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2004

Concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn were determined in four arctic brown algae (Laminaria saccharina, L. digitata, Alaria esculenta, Desmarestia aculeata) in an attempt to examine for their metal accumulation capacity and also to assess their contamination levels. Macroalgae were collected from shallow subtidal waters (<20m) of Kongsfjorden (Kings Bay) on Spitsbergen during the period of the late July to early August 2003. Metal concentrations highly varied between sampling sites, species and tissue parts. Input of melt-water laden with terrigenous sediment particles seemed to have a large influence on baseline accumulations of some metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Pb etc.) in the macroalgae, causing a significant spatial variation. There were also significant concentration differences between the young and old tissue parts in L. saccharina, L. digitata and A. esculenta. While Al, Fe, Mn, Pb were higher in the perennial parts (stipes and holdfast below meristematic region), Cd and As concentrations were significantly higher in the young blades above the meristematic region. Zn and Cr, on the other hand, showed little differences between the tissue parts. The highest metal concentrations were found in D. aculeata, which seems to be due to its filamentous fine branches leading to high surface/volume ratios. The lowest concentrations were found in the two Laminaria spp., the blades of which are thicker than D. aculeata and A. esculenta. No distinct signs of contamination were detected in the brown algal species analyzed. Added to this, the results of the present studies suggest the potential utility of L. saccharina, L. digitata and A. esculenta as biomonitors for metal pollution monitoring in this area.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2009

Turbid storm runoff from intensive highland agriculture area has emerged as the major problem of water quality deterioration in the upstream region of the Han River. High slope of the upland combined with high rate of fertilization and intensive plowing causes high rate of soil erosion, and subsequently high suspended sediment and phosphorus content in the runoff water. The variations of water quality during rain spells were surveyed for two years (2005 and 2006) in the Jawoon Stream that is one of hot spots of intensive horticulture discharging turbid storm runoff. SS and TP showed large increase according to the increase of flow rate, whereas TN and BOD showed less fluctuations. Mean EMCs of SS and TP measured for nine rain events were as high as $207mgSS{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $0.27mgP{\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively. The export coefficient of SS and TP per area of cultivated field were calculated as $11,912kgSS{\cdot}yr^{-1}{\cdot}km^{-2}$ and $785kgP{\cdot}yr^{-1}{\cdot}km^{-2}$, repectively, which are significantly higher than reports of other area. It can be concluded that SS and TP in the runoffs were high enough to impose major threat to aquatic habitats, and the highland agriculture should be the main target of water quality management or habitat conservation in the study area.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2005

Surface sediments (0$\~$4 cm) were sampled at 40 stations from Ulsan Bay and its adjacent areas of Korea, to evaluate the contamination by sewage-derived organic matters using fecal sterols. Some sterols were quantified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Total concentrations of eight sterols (co­prostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, epicholestanol, epicoprostanol, ${\beta}-sitosterol,$ brassicasterol, and stigmasterol) in the sediments from Ulsan Bay and its vicinity varied from 929 to 23,444 ng/g dry weight. The most predom­inant sterols were cholesterol and coprostanol, accounting for $33\~72{\%}$ of total sterols. The concentration of coprostanol known as the indicator of human feces ranged from 141 to 8,257 ng/g dry weight. In particular, the coprostanol concentrations in the sediments from Jansaengpo Harbor and Taehwa River exceeded the value of 1,000 ng/g dry weight, suggesting that these areas could be considered as the hot-spot zones by municipal sewage contamination. Some molecular indices and multivariate data analysis were used to assess the origin of these sterols in the sediments. Results showed that the major routes of sewage contamination in Ulsan Bay and its vicinity were the input through Jansaengpo Harbor and Taehwa River.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.192-199
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• 2004

2002년 가을에 제주도를 중심으로한 동중국해 18개 정점에서 그랩으로 채니한 표층 퇴적물 속의 와편모조류시스트 분포 특성을 조사하였다 현미경 잔찰시 해상력을 좋게 하기 위하여 퇴적물을 HCl과 HF로 처리하여 그 속의 시스트를 관찰하였다 총 13속 21종의 와편모조류시스트가 출현하였는데, Spiniferites bulloideus가 우점종을 차지하고 있었다. 임의로 나눈 제주도 북부 해역인 Part 1정점들에서의 평균 시스트 농도(1,144 cysts $g^{-1}$)가 그 남쪽 해역인 Part 2 (183 cysts $g^{-1}$)에서 보다 6배 이상 높은 값을 나타내고 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 이제까지 동중국해의 본 조사 정점 부근 해역에서 실시된 와편모조류 시스트 분포 조사 결과들과 비슷한 분포 경향을 보이고 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2000

진해만의 중금속 오염도를 평가하기 위해 해저퇴적물, 해수 및 참굴의 중금속 농도를 측정하였다. 해저퇴적물내 카드뮴, 코발트, 구리, 니켈, 납, 아연의 농도범위는 0.1∼2.4, 12.6∼14.4, 25.3∼92.3, 32. 4∼93.5, 24.1∼81.2, 124∼477 ㎍/g 으로 나타났다. 인간의 산업활동과 관련된 카드뮴, 구리, 납, 아연의 농도는 마산 내만에서 높게 나타났다. 해수내의 용존성 카드뮴, 코발트, 구리, 니켈, 납, 아연의 농도범위는 ＜0.010∼0.043, 0.008∼0.120,0.31∼0.90,0.25∼3.10, 0.010∼0.142,0.27∼9.04 ㎍/L로 나타났다. 해수의 카드뮴, 구리, 납, 아연의 농도도 퇴적물에서처럼 마산 내만에서 높게 나타났으므로 마산만이 진해만의 주오염원임을 알 수 있었다. 참굴의 아연, 구리, 카드뮴, 납, 코발트, 니켈 둥의 생물농축계수(BCF)는 647373, 280861, 145069, 44559, 13524, 2745 순으로 나타났으며, 다른 이매패류에 비해 강한 중금속 축적종으로 나타났다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.670-675
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• 2004

Humic acids are macromolecules originated from natural water, soil, and sediment. The characteristics of humic acid enable it to change the distribution of metals as well as many kinds of organic contaminants and to determine the sorption of them from soil solution. To see the effect of humic acid on the removal rate of organic contaminants and heavy metals, batch-scale experiments were performed. As a natural geosorbent, black shale was used as a sorbent media, which showed hight sorption capacity of trichloroethylene (TCE), lead, cadmium and chromium. The effect of sorption-desorption, pH, ionic strength and the concentration of humic acid was taken into consideration. TCE sorption capacity by black shale was compared to natural bentonite and hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) modified bentonite. The removal rate was good and humic acid also sorbed onto black shale very well. The organic part of humic acid could effectively enhance the partition of TCE and it act as an electron donor to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Cationic metal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) also removed from the water by black shale. With 3 mg/L of humic acid, both Pb(II) and Cd(II) were removed more than without humic acid. That could be explained by sorption and complexation with humic acid and that was possible when humic acid could change the hydrophobicity and solubility of heavy metals. Humic acid exhibited desorption-resistivity with black shale, which implied that black shale could be an alternative sorbent or material for remediation of organic contaminants and heavy metals.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2011

An electrolytic oxidation process was applied to remove odorous compounds from non-point odor sources including wastewater pipelines and manholes. In this study, a distance between the anode and the cathode of the electrolytic process was varied as a system operating parameters, and its effects on odor removal efficiencies and reaction characteristics were investigated. Odor precursors such as sediment organic matters and reduced sulfur/nitrogen compounds were effectively oxidized in the electrolytic process, and a change in oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) indicated that an stringent anaerobic condition shifted to a mild anoxic condition rapidly. At an electrode distance of 1 cm and an applied voltage of 30 V, a system current was maintained at 1 A, and the current density was 23.1 $mA/cm^{2}$. Under the condition, the removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide in gas phase was found to be 100%, and 93% of ammonium ion was removed from the liquid phase during the 120 minute operating period. Moreover, the sulfate ion (${SO_4}^{2-}$) concentration increased about three times from its initial value due to the active oxidation. As the specific power consumption (i.e., the energy input normalized by the effective volume) increased, the oxidation progressed rapidly, however, the oxidation rate was varied depending on target compounds. Consequently, a threshold power consumption for each odorous compound needs to be experimentally determined for an effective application of the electrolytic oxidation.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2016

해수 내 용존 암모늄이온의 농도 자료가 해양환경의 지표로서 가치가 있는지 평가하였다. 먼저 암모니아의 화학적인 특성을 정리하였고, 본론에서 해양환경의 대표성을 띠는 일반해역(원양, 연안, 자연하구역)과 집중비교해역(골재채취해역, 하구역)에서 암모늄 자료의 가치를 비교하였다. 암모늄은 일반해역에서 전반적으로 DO와 음의 상관관계를 갖고, COD와 양의 상관관계를 보임으로써 수질지표로서 광범위한 적용 가능성을 보였다. 특히 DO 또는 COD가 유사한 농도를 나타내는 해양환경조건의 경우, 보다 상세한 해석이 불가능하였으나 ODIN 비율 (산화성용존무기질소: ODIN/TDIN ratio) 혹은 RDIN 비율 (환원성용존무기질소: RDIN/TDIN ratio)를 적용하면, 비교대상 해역의 산화 및 환원 조건에 대한 보다 향상된 정보를 얻을 수 있었다. 집중비교해역에서는 저층퇴적물의 확산, 식물플랑크톤의 단기변화 등 주로 단주기 환경변화와 관련하여 암모늄의 지표로서 잠재력을 확인하였다. 암모늄은 기존의 몇 가지 단점을 보완한다면 해양환경에서 단주기로 변화하는 해양한경을 이해하는데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.