• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2004

Finite field multiplication and division are important arithmetic operation in error-correcting codes and cryptosystems. The elements of the finite field GF($2^m$) are represented by bases with a primitive polynomial of degree m over GF(2). We can be easily realized for multiplication or computing multiplicative inverse in GF($2^m$) based on a normal basis representation. The number of product terms of logic function determines a complexity of the Messay-Omura multiplier. A normal basis exists for every finite field. It is not easy to find the optimal normal element for a given primitive polynomial. In this paper, the generating method of normal basis is investigated. The normal bases whose product terms are less than other bases for multiplication in GF($2^m$) are found. For each primitive polynomial, a list of normal elements and number of product terms are presented.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2023

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an alternative treatment for liver cancer to the surgical intervention preferred by surgeons. However, the main challenge remains the use of RF for the ablation of large tumours (i.e., tumours with a diameter of >3 cm). For large tumours, RFA takes a large duration in the ablation process compared with surgery, which increases patient pain. Therefore, RFA for large tumours is not preferred by surgeons. The currently materials used in RF electrodes, such as the nickeltitanium alloy (nitinol), are characterized by low thermal and electrical conductivities. On the other hand, the use of materials that have high thermal and electrical conductivities, such as titanium aluminide alloy (gamma titanium), produces more thermal energy for tumours. In this paper, we developed a cool-tip RF electrode model that uses nickel-titanium alloy and replaced it with titanium aluminide alloy by using the finite element model (FEM). The aim of this paper is to study the effect of the thermal and electrical conductivities of gamma titanium on the ablation volume. Results showed that the proposed design of the electrode increased the ablation rate by 1 cm³ /minute and 6.3 cm³/10 minutes, with a decrease in the required time ablation. Finally, the proposed model reduces the ablation time and damages healthy tissue while increasing the ablation volume from 22.5% cm³ to 62.5% cm³ in ten minutes compared to recent studies.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.378-388
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• 2024

Oil and gas contribute significantly to achieving the growing demand for energy, which is rising in parallel with population growth. The pipeline system is the main transport system used in the distribution of oil and gas because the pipeline system is considered the most effective and efficient system. The distribution system for gas and oil must guarantee security and safety. Analyzing the pipeline is necessary to ensure distribution security and safety. In this study, a finite element analysis of the gas pipeline specimen was conducted. This analysis is carried out in two stages, first structural analysis and continued with damage analysis, where the damage used is a dent. In the dent analysis, environmental conditions are applied, namely non-pressure, pressure, and full pressure. Then assessed all the results of the analysis of each stage, the assessment was carried out by verifying the results of the analysis with the applicable standard rules. So that the characteristics of the pipeline can be recognized and work accidents caused by operating pipeline failure can be avoided.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.41-52
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• 2010

Message authentication is an essential security element in vehicular ad-hoc network(VANET). For a secure message authentication, integrity, availability, privacy preserving skill, and also efficiency in various environment should be provided. RAISE scheme has been proposed to provide efficient message authentication in the environment crowded with lots of vehicles and generally considered to be hard to provide efficiency. However, as the number of vehicles communicating in the area increases, the overhead is also incurred in proportion to the number of vehicles so that it still needs to be reduced, and the scheme is vulnerable to some attacks. In this paper, to make up for the vulnerabilities in dense vehicular communication network, we propose a more secure and efficient scheme using a process that RSU(Road Side Unit) transmits the messages of neighbor vehicles at once with Bloom Filter, and timestamp to protect against replay attack. Moreover, by adding a handover function to the scheme, we simplify the authentication process as omitting the unnecessary key-exchange process when a vehicle moves to other area. And we confirm the safety and efficiency of the scheme by simulating the false positive probability and calculating the traffic.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.395-402
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• 2019

The development and operation of the MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship) is being actively discussed for more efficient and safer maritime transportation solutions. The autonomous navigation technology has positive aspects such as the prevention of marine accidents, improvement of fuel efficiency of ships and cost reduction, and negative aspects such as job loss, task change, and security problems. It is expected that there will be new human element issues such as the situation awareness of remote operators, because the shore-based control will be conducted when fully autonomous ships are in operation. In this paper, we consider major human element issues that should be factored in the development and operation of MASS, and suggest a method of HRA (Human Reliability Analysis) for P IFs (Performance Influencing Factors) of the remote operators that are expected according to the shore-based control.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.15
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• pp.221-242
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• 2008

Protection is to maximize the protectee's physical security by minimizing the threats and minimizing the damages caused by the threats. From this point of view, the assassination case of Israel's former Premier Yitzhak Rabin who devoted himself to proceed peace process in Middle East, on November 4, 1995, gives us a lot of lessons on protection. At that time, Israeli society was chaotic with anti-Rabin and anti-government demonstrations which is against Rabin's peace process, and they openly threatened to assassinate Premier Rabin. However, Shin Bet, Israeli Protective Agency, didn't reacted against the assassination threats effectively. Also they have to try to secure friendly public to widen the width of selection in case of crisis and to secure the credibility of the organization. They have to prevent harmful activities in advance by securing wide intelligence networks to collect and analyze various protective intelligences and preparing proper protective countermeasures. Intelligence is a basic element in protection and any protective measures not supported by intelligence activities are not useful and effective. Potential attackers study their target thoroughly and make an elaborate plan before their attack. Advance team is required to conduct security measures on a basis of analysis of vulnerability and threat factors, and close protection team should be prepared for the changing situations with crisis-consciousness. Is security, 100% perfection is not possible. However, Shin Bet failed to analyze and approach to the existing threats. They forgot the fact that security environment reflects social situations. Protection agents should be conscious of the fact that today is different from yesterday. So we have to expect what is not expected when not expected.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.57
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• pp.253-275
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• 2018

Economic security emerged as a strong element of national security. Nations around the world are exerting their efforts to collect economic intelligence to serve their national interest while making added efforts to uncover industrial espionage and arrest industrial spies in defensive aspect. Cases in point are the enactment of "Economic Espionage Act(1996)" of the U.S. and the "Act on Prevention of Divulgence and Protection of Industrial Technology(2006)"of Korea. Korea is trying to punish industrial spying on the same level as espionage that poses national security threat by revising Criminal Code. It is necessary to review whether the move to toughen the punishment of industrial spying from "up to 15 years in prison and/or up to 1.5 billion won in fine" to "minimum seven years of imprisonment, life imprisonment or death penalty" is appropriate. Advanced nations regulate industrial spying with a special act on economy although they have applied espionage act not to "enemy states" but to "foreign countries" in the first place. Likewise, preventing industrial spying by applying espionage act through the revision of criminal code poses a risk of undermining the autonomy of industry sector by excessive influence of state power. Furthermore, the penalty of minimum imprisonment of seven years, life imprisonment or death penalty with the application of espionage act under the criminal code is an legal application by stretching of the law, posing a risk of dampening healthy economic activities. Therefore, revising and applying relevant economic laws such as aforementioned 'Act on Prevention of Divulgence and Protection of Industrial Technology(2006)' is thought to be desirable to achieve the goal of protecting industrial technologies.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.24
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• pp.91-123
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• 2010

The threat factors available for occurrence given G20 Summit Meeting are expected leader terrorism, hostage terrorism, bomb terrorism, public facilities terrorism, and aircraft terrorism. As for the threat groups, which are expected in Korea, the North Korea, Islam extremist group, and the group such as NGO organization of being opposed to international meeting are regarded as having possibility of causing hazard. Thus, the purpose of this study is to suggest VIP Security-measure plans in the main site in preparation for G20 Summit Meeting. Accordingly, each country in the world is adopting 'the principle of Triple Ring' in common. Thus, it elicited a coping plan by 1st line(inner ring) 2nd line(middle ring) 3rd line(outer ring) based on this principle, and proposed even an opinion together that will need to be reflected in light of policy for the VIP security measures. In conclusion, as for the VIP Security-measure plans in the main site in preparation for G20 Summit Meeting, In the inner ring(safety sector), first, an intercepting measure needs to be devised for a spot of getting into and out of vehicles given the Straight Street. Second, the Walking Formation needs to be reinforced boldly in the exposed area. In the middle ring(security sector), first, the control plan needs to be devised by considering particularity of the main site. Second, there is necessity for adopting the efficient security badge operation plan that is included RFID function within security badge. In the outer ring(aid protective sector), first, there is necessity of preparing for several VIP terrorisms, of collecting information and intelligence, and of reinforcing the information collection system against terrorism under the cooperation with the overseas information agency. Second, the urgent measure training in time of emergency needs to be carried out toward security agent event manpower. Third, to maintain the certain pace in VIP motorcade, the efficient traffic control system needs to be operated. Finally, as for what will need to be reflected in light of policy for VIP security measures, first, there is necessity for allowing VIP residence to be efficiently dispersed to be distributed and controlled. Second, there is necessity for allowing impure element to misjudge or attack to be failed by utilizing diverse deception operations. Third, according to the reorganization in North Korea's Organization of the South Directed Operations, the powerful 'military-support measure' needs to be driven from this G20 Summit Meeting. For this, the necessity was proposed for further reinforcing the front back defense posture under the supervision of the Ministry of National Defense and for positively coping even with detecting and removing poison in preparation for CBR (chemical, biological, and radio-logical) terrorism.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.611-618
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• 1995

In the high information societies, the requirement of encryption security is increasing so as to protect information from the threat of attacks by illegal changes of data, illegal leakage of data, disorder of data sequences and the unauthorized sender and an unauthorized receiver etc. In this paper, multivariable knapsack crytosystem is proposed for security of computer communication. This system is securer and simpler than the conventional knapsack cryptosystems. And, proposed cryptosystem composed what represented each element of superincreasing vector with multivar able polynomial after transforming it of ciphervector. For the deciphering of ciphertext, the plaintext is determined by using the integers of secret and the superincreasing vector of secret key. Thus, the stability of this cryptosystem is based on the difficulty of obtaining the root that ciphervector becomes the superincreasing vector, in substituting the integers of secret for ciphervector to represent with the miltivariable polynomial. The propriety of proposed multivariable knapsack cryptosystem was proved through computer simulation.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2004

The computer security is considered important due to the side effect generated from the expansion of computer network and rapid increase of the use of internet. Therefore, Intrusion detection system has been an active research area to reduce the risk from intruders. A number of advantages of using mobile agent computing paradigms have been Proposed. These advantages include : overcoming network latency, reducing network load, executing asynchronously and autonomously, adapting dynamically, and operating in heterogeneous environments. Many information security models have been proposed to mitigate agent-to-agent. agent-to-platform, and platform-to-agent element risks . In these paper, We have an object which is that through intrusion detection system development, the mobile agent is managed and through the analysis of performance data. the best environment is served.