• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.332-364
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• 2010

External linkages affect the performance of small and medium enterprises in diverse ways. This study delves into the impact of inter-organizational collaboration by looking at different facets of performance, such as innovation, sales growth, profit growth, and firm survival. In addition, it explores the influence of informal knowledge spillover from collaborative partners as well as from formal collaborations. The impact is carefully investigated by dividing firm samples into three different sectoral innovation categories: supplier-dominant, production-intensive, and science-based sector suggested by Pavitt (1984). The result highlights the different influence pattern of collaborative relations by partner types according to sectoral categories. The positive results of collaborating with universities and public institutions are identified, and the sales growth by customer linkage is witnessed. The impact is apparent in science-based sectors. The result implies that the risk associated with collaborating with competitors may be moderated by linking performance enhancing collaborative linkages with universities and government institutes.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.367-377
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• 1997

In order to set public policy to overcome 'water crises' on both quantity and quality of water, we looked into the national-economic role of Korea water utility by two approaches. First, we examined the relationship between water consumption and economic growth during 1978-94, a period of rapid increase in water consumption caused by prompt industrialization and urbanization. The price and income elasticities of aggregate and sectoral demand for water were estimated. Second, we developed a static input-output(I-O) framework for analysing water issues in the short run. In addition, we discussed two topics in its application: i) sectoral failure(shortage) costs by supply-driven I-O model, ii) Leontief price model's sectoral pervasive effects of price due to rise in water rate. In conclusion, we found that investments to water sector and water shortage has a big influence on the standard of living and industrial production. Also we found that raising water rate to encourage conservation or to create investment funds decreases demand for water significantly but has a small influence on overall price levels.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.565-591
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• 2008

Using theories of sectoral innovation system and supply chain management, this paper examines the status quo of Korean IT SoC industry's innovation system by comparing it with Taiwanese one. Taiwan IT SoC industry has accomplished a rapid growth on the basis of government policies that foster domestic firms after the establishment of Hsinchu Science Park. Cooperative networks between foundries firms and fablesses have been formed within the supply chain in this process. Therefore, Taiwan industry has possessed the possibility of the coevolution in sectoral innovation system. However, Korean IT SoC industry has failed to form cooperative networks, because of weak networks between related firms. In other words, there exists an interaction failure, which is a kind of the system failure, and it means a lack of linkage between actors as a result of insufficient use of complementarities and interactive learning. Therefore, Korean industry has little possibility of the coevolution in sectoral innovation system. The cooperative networks between actors are prerequisite towards evolution of innovation system of Korean IT SoC industry. Above all, the cooperative networks between fablesses and system companies need to be strengthened within the supply chain.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.236-248
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to introduce the urban utility concept that combines urban growth and urban disasters in the aspect of a conceptual theory. While many studies focused on the dollar amount damaged from a disaster, it requires adding not just building damages or human body losses but also the quality of life satisfaction. An issue in measuring the quality of life satisfaction needs to introduce a proper mode quantifying it. This study introduces the urban utility change in measuring the negative impacts of a disaster on urban life, which has been rarely investigated. To identify urban utility, urban flooding that is a cross-sectoral agenda and important to both developed and developing countries was adopted to respond to its increased frequency and damages, encouraging governments to focus on flood control policies. By combining a literature review on urban utility and urban growth, this study defined the urban utility concept as a net benefit of a resident with earnings subtracting housing and commuting costs. The theoretical study also explained that urban utility and its components dynamically change as per urban growth and disasters that even reversely affect urban growth. Because the urban utility can be one of the useful indices to appreciate the relationship between a disaster and urban growth, it is highly expected to apply for similar disaster impacts on urban areas, including COVID-19 and various global warming issues.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2017

This study analyzed causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic output (GDP) for Korea from 2001 to 2014 employing the vector error-correction model estimation by manufacturing sector. The results of unit-roots tests show that all sectoral GDP and electricity consumptions were not stationary. And cointegration tests show that processed foods, Wood Pulp Paper, electricity apparatus, Precision Medical sectors had a linear combinations in the long run between electricity consumptions and economic growth. With respect to the direction of causality, manufacturing sector has a uni-directional running from economic output (GDP) to electricity consumption in short term. The results of study show that sectoral causal relation were different each other in short term and long term. These findings imply that electricity demand management policy focusing on efficiency improvement is necessary to minimize negative impacts on economic growth and to adopt suitable structural policies can induce energy conservation.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-38
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• 2020

In this research, we explore the effects of changes in industrial structure due to industrial restructuring on employment and growth in the Korean economy. To that end, we first investigate the impact of industrial restructuring on employment through Lilien's sectoral shift hypothesis, considering the dependence of industrial restructuring on business cycles. As a result of the analysis, we find that changes in the industrial structure have exerted a short-term effect of increasing unemployment, and that the effects of industrial restructuring are even greater during the economic downturn period. In light of these points, Lilien's sectoral shift hypothesis seems to be valid in Korea. Next, we examine the effect of industrial restructuring on economic growth in Korea by analyzing which one, between the Kuznetz hypothesis and the Baumol effect, is dominant. Empirical results reveal that the mid- to long-term effect of industrial restructuring on GDP growth is significant, which is in accordance with the Kuznets hypothesis, where resource allocation along with industrial restructuring to sectors with high productivity spurs economic growth.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.30-54
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• 2018

Tech start-ups and their ecosystems are gaining increasing prominence globally and so are in India, due to their potential to contribute to employment generation, innovations, productivity, national income and exports. Against this backdrop, this article analyzes the key characteristics of tech start-ups relative to traditional start-ups and modern start-ups in India. Further, the salient features of tech start-up promotion policies initiated by the government of India and government of Karnataka as well as the current regional and sectoral distribution of start-ups is elucidated. Subsequently, the structure and components of entrepreneurial ecosystems currently under evolution in the metro cities of India are examined. Finally, the key factors contributing to the growth of different ecosystem components and its implications for the future growth of tech start-ups are outlined.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2017

Purpose - The introduction and expansion of the railway network since the 19th century brought revolutionary changes in economic activities, performance, and structure. The purpose of this study is estimating the impact of railroads on the local agricultural and manufacturing structures in the 19th century USA. Research design, data, and methodology - To identify the impact of railroads on local economic structure, county-level panel data from the U.S. census were analyzed using a panel fixed-effect differences-in-differences regression. The empirical investigation focuses on whether railroads changed the overall volume and sectoral composition of the local agricultural sector, and whether they contributed to the growth of the local manufacturing industry and its productivity. Results - The railroad introduction led to the relative decline of the agricultural sector, while encouraging the growth of market-oriented gardening. As such, manufacturing productivity increased by the introduction of railroads, although manufacturing inputs and home manufactures were unaffected. Conclusions - The findings imply that railroads contributed to the growth of market-oriented farming in rural areas, and the rise of productivity in the local manufacturing sector. Meanwhile, evidence of railroad-driven growth for the entire agricultural sector or a massive reallocation of resources from agriculture to manufacturing were not found.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.117-127
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• 2021

This study was conducted to comprehensively identify factors that potentially influence corporate investment behavior, including micro, macro, and sectoral variables. Furthermore, investment behavior was studied across nations based on their participation in the global value chain (GVC), which was evaluated based on commodities, limited manufacturing, advanced manufacturing, and innovative activities. The study uses the dynamic panel data analysis and Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimation for a sample of 800 corporations, with data spanning over 2000-2019. The study result shows that in all types of countries, the coefficient lag indicator of capital expenditure statistically has a significant effect on capital expenditure. Sales growth, exchange rate, and GDP have a significant positive effect on corporate investment growth, while DER has a negative effect. In commodity countries, corporate investment is influenced by sales growth, exchange rate, and FCI. The variables that influence corporate investment in manufacturing countries are the FCI, exchange rate, sales growth, GDP, and DER. In innovative countries, variables that significantly affect capital expenditure are DER, GDP, and Tobin Q. In each type of country, the interaction terms between exchange rate and commodity price are positive and statistically significant.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-97
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• 2004

Practical experience with technology implementation of the upgrading of very small village industries in India suggests that innovation failures are not merely a result of the lack of proper interaction between the users and suppliers of technologies under implementation, but also a result of adoption of the primitive conception of competitiveness in their practice of technology development. The approach of promoting the small producers to become individually competitive by using labour intensive, small-scale intermediate technologies is proving to be totally inadequate for the achievement of technological efficiency in a dynamic sense. Guided by a primitive notion of competitiveness, the suppliers of intermediated technologies are thus being led into limiting their technological efforts in the sectors of direct interest to the rural industrial clusters to the transitional objectives of mainly poverty alleviation. Consequently they have not been able to target the small producers of these village industries for the objectives of business growth. This paper posits that under competitive conditions the self-employed small producer has not only to come together for access to resources, but also has to emerge as a multi-sectoral collective of producers, co-operating in production. With the aim to draw lessons that are generic and have policy implications for the development of innovation systems for local economy based rural industrial clusters and value chains, the author analyses in this paper the experience of innovation in technological systems for the sectors of leather, fruits and vegetable processing and agro processing by the People's Science Movement with the help of the Ministry of Science and Technology and other sectoral ministries in India where rural poor were required to pool the resources and capabilities for raising the scale and scope of their collective production organization.