• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-55
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• 2021

Peatland is distributed in China widely, and organic matters in soil frequently induce problems in the construction and maintenance of highway engineering due to the high permeability and compressibility. In this paper, a selected site of Dali-Lijiang expressway was surveyed in China. A numerical model was built to predict the settlement of the foundation of the selected section employing the soft soil creep (SSC) model in PLAXIS 8.2. The model was subsequently verified by the result of field observance. Consequently, the parameters of 17 types of soils from different regions in China with organic contents varying from 1.1-74.9% were assigned to the numerical model to study the settlement characteristics. The calculated results showed that the duration of primary consolidation and proportion of primary settlement in the total settlement decreased with increasing organic content. Two empirical equations, for total consolidation settlement and secondary settlement, were proposed using multiple linear regression based on the calculated results from the numerical models. The analysis results of the significances of certain soil parameters demonstrated that the natural compression index, secondary compression index, cohesion and friction angle have significant linear relevance with both the total settlement and secondary settlement, while the initial coefficient of permeability exerts significant influence on the secondary settlement only.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.53-67
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate and reveal secondary vocational education institutions' perception changes and suggest the need for supporting the improvement of their perception by analyzing middle school principals' perception changes of the past, the present, and the future about them. For this, middle school principals' perception of the past, the present, and the future about secondary vocational education institutions was investigated and analyzed targeting 214 persons. The results of the study are as follow: First, middle school principals' perception of secondary vocational education institutions has found to make more positive changes in the present than the past and be going to make more positive changes in the future than the present. This can be interpreted that various policies of secondary vocational education institutions have a positive effect on the improvement of their perception since 2005. Second, in the result that analyzed changes in the ranks about middle school principals' perception of the past, the present, and the future about secondary vocational education institutions, the fields of "nurturing students' aptitude and talent early" and "their fast financial independence after graduation" were recognized as positive in the past, the present, and future. As the field of "entering universities in the same field easily" was recognized ranking high in the past and the present, but doing low in the future, it has found that the perception of secondary vocational education institutions is changing according to governmental policies' directions.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.7-21
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• 2021

The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey which investigated the reading preferences of secondary school students in Nigeria during the lockdown occasioned by COVID-19 pandemic. A hundred secondary school students in Ile- Ife and Ilesa in Osun State, Nigeria were the study respondents. Close ended self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data. Of the one hundred questionnaire which were applied to the study respondents, ninety-three were retrieved. Data obtained were analyzed using simple frequencies and percentages. The study established that majority of respondents were not pressured to read but read for pleasure. Preference for a wide range of fiction and non-fiction books which was read for purposes ranging from academic, social, relaxation and information was indicated by respondents. Availability of reading materials determined reading preference of majority of respondents as many could not afford to access electronic books whether free or not. The researchers recommended that different types of reading materials that suit the reading preferences and meet the diverse purpose of reading should be provided for the secondary school students during lockdown to improve their reading habits. Public libraries should function during this lock down period within the guidelines of the appropriate health authorities, while school libraries should be equipped to offer virtual services during the lockdown and the students should be exposed to e-books for their reading pleasure.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.391-409
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• 1999

From the students' point of view, this study was carried out to find out barriers to environmental conservation practice of secondary school students. According to the questionare and interview with secondary school students on barriers to environmental conservation practice at home, school, society and fellow-relation conditions and in personal psychology, the following findings were resulted. The major barriers to environmental conservation practice are (1) not doing environmental conservation practice of parents, friends and neighborhood, (2) having no interest in environment and environmental problems, (3) dirty and laboriousness of environmental conservation practice, (4) lack of environmental equipments, (5) the shortage of chance and time for environmental conversation practice, (6) lack of the inducement for environmental conservaton from school, (7) little effects of individual environmental practice, (8) a busy life, (9) shortage of the voluntary courage to practice for environmental conservation, (10) lack of compensation on the environmental conservation practice, (11) anti-environmental behavior among friends, (12) urging on edcation of parents. Those barriers related with home, school, society and fellow-relation anti-environmental conditions hold back environmental conservation practice of secondary school students. Those barriers are divided into three closely correlated tipes, (1) unpleasant traits of environmental conservation practice such as cleaning, recycling were linked with personal psychology, (2) lack of the social interest and practice for environmental conservation were linked with personal psychology, (3) the social atmosphere to urge on education was linked with students' busy life and the shortage of chance and time for environmental conversation practice. According to the results, attractive environmental education programs, home environmental education, cooperative environmental conservation programs, and inducements for environmental conservation are reguired of secondary school students to promote environmental conservation practice.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 2017

Most primary and secondary schools in Korea provide school meals to students. After the implementation of the manual in the development of foodservice facilities within schools in the Seoul metropolitan area, this study had been instituted towards the improvement on the design of the school. Through the investigation of the use of school foodservice facilities and the establishment of putting the designer's design to the users into effect, primary and secondary schools have been observed in the study to conclude the following research: Spatial Configuration and Usage Characteristics within Elementary, Middle, and High school.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2014

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the pedagogical importance of counter-examples that contradict statements about mathematics education research and the curriculum revision process for high school mathematics courses. Using a literature research method, this study analyzed views about counter-examples according to a method of approach to statements and the classification of counter-examples and their criteria. The study also described the learnability of the content of counter-examples presented in Korean secondary school mathematics textbooks. The results showed that generating many counter-examples enables learners to understand mathematical concepts exactly, construct links between mathematical contents, and have flexible thoughts about mathematical objects. Considering the learnability of counter-examples, the contents of counter-examples in school mathematics textbooks are needed for mathematics teachers and students to generate numerous counter-examples and verify the justification of generating counter-examples in various manners.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.636-646
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to confirm secondary biology teachers' recognition about cell and gene concepts that should be taught in biology according to each school level and to classify the concepts into essential, optional and non-essential ones. We developed a questionnaire in consultation with 5 biology professors after selecting some biological concepts from some data about the recommendations of BSCS, biology, study for the connection with biological contents in each school level. This survey was conducted to biological teachers in secondary schools (146 individuals) from all over Korea for studying the concepts of the cell and gene in elementary and secondary schools. The results of this study revealed the following: The number of essential concepts in the cell and gene domain increases as the school levels go up. Moreover, secondary biology teacher recognized that there must be much more cell and gene concepts that should be taught in elementary and secondary schools compared to those suggested in the science curriculum and BSCS' recommendation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.114-132
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• 1988

Aiming to appraise student's health status and recommend improvement and strengthening of the school health services, statistical analysis of the results of health examination were done with summarized data which were collected nation-wide through the Ministry of Education. After analysis of data obtained, the results of the study summarized as follows; 1) Requested Adequate care Requested Adequate care showed from 5 % to 3% in 1962 and 1984 respectively. In sexes, Requested Adequate in girls (2.8%) more apparent than in boys (2.5%) 2) Eyes i) Weak vision, abnormal refraction of eyes (myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism), eye diseases (trachoma, others) were found as shown in the Table 2, Figure 3. Weak vision and abnormal refraction of eyes showed from 2 % (Elementary), 5 % ( Secondary) to 4 % (Elementary), 14 % (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. In both sexes, the older the age of students the more weak vision and abnormal refraction of eyes had rapidly increased especially in over 15-year old. ii) Eye diseases (trachoma, others) showed from 2% to age of students the more diseases had students. 3) Ear, nose and pharynx Hearing disturbance, ear diseases (otitis mediae, others), nose (empyema, hypertrophy) and pharynx diseases were found as following 1) Hearing disturbance was found from 0.3%(Elementary), 1 %(Secondary) to 0.05 % (Elementary), 0.4 % (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively, however, recently the older the age of students the more had students. ii) Ear diseases showed from 1.7 % (Elementary) 1.0 % (Secondary) to 0.3 %(Elementary), 0.5%(Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. iii) In diseases of the nose and pharynx, tonsilitis showed from 2.5% (Elementary), 3.5 % (Secondary) to 1.8 % ( Elementary). 2.5% (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. 4) Skin Infectious skin diseases and other skin diseases were found from 1.5% to 0.6% in 1962 am 1984 respectively. 5) Teeth Dental caries (in milk and permanent teeth) and otner oral diseases are shown from 12 % (Elementary), 8%(Secondary) to 75%( Elementary), 25% (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. 6) Other defects and diseases A relatively higher morbidity was shown in the tubercular diseases, in anemia, and in heart diseases among the tuberculous diseases, nodular diseases, Pleurisy, heart diseases, anemia, beriberi, hernia, neurasthenia, speech difficulty, mental disorders, bone dysformity, motion difficulty of extremities. In both sexes, tuberculous diseases were found almost equally in both sexes and anemia in girls was more apparent than in boys. Trying to provide more effective health services in schools : i) A better and more effective physical examination should be carried out in each school and prior to the physical examination, the qualified daily observation of children by teacher should be keenly practiced. ii) According to the results of the required annual physical examination the leading cause of morbidity were dental caries, myopia, angina and otitis mediae and fore these diseases follow up should be carried out. iii) For prevention and treatment of diseases and defects health education for students in the classroom as well as to parents is urgently requested.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.175-186
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• 2009

A new medium access control (MAC) scheme embedding physical channels into multiband carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) networks is proposed to provide strict quality of service (QoS) guarantee to high priority users. In the proposed scheme, two priority classes of users, primary and secondary users, are supported. For primary users physical channels are provided to ensure strict QoS, whereas secondary users are provided with best-effort service using CSMA/CA modified for multiband operation. The performance of the proposed MAC scheme is investigated using a new multiband CSMA/CA Markov chain model capturing the primary user activity and the operation of secondary users in multiple bands. The throughput of secondary users is obtained as a function of the primary user activity and other CSMA/CA parameters. It is shown that the new MAC scheme yields larger throughput than the conventional single-band CSMA/CA when both schemes use the same bandwidth.

• 한국과학교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.47-56
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• 2008

This article presents how in China mainland a school and a school district find their science teachers. Based on studying relevant materials and years of intensive involvement in teacher education and recruitment practices the authors draw three features of the current secondary science teachers' employment system in China mainland: certification control conducted very loosely selection criteria and process vary with schools and school districts due to the remarkable difference existed among them the normal universities/colleges established originally only for secondary science teacher education still play a vital role in shaping effecting quality of teacher candidates although no one of them for a long time have focused on only doing what they were supposed to do. For further development, changes and essential reform are expected duo to the increasing promotion toward the internal quality of education and therefore high quality of teachers and teacher candidates.